复材双搭胶接结构应力分析与试验研究

飞机复材结构连接的趋势是向着无紧固件方向发展,常采用双搭胶接连接,该连接接头处的胶层剪应力分布是分析双搭胶接连接强度和预测整体复材结构失效的关键问题。建立了基于经典弹性理论的复材双搭胶接结构应力分析理论模型,得到了胶层剪应力分布的解析解,并与根据所测得应变提出的基于经典弹性理论和基于经典层压板理论的应力计算方法得出的胶层剪应力分布结果相比较。结果表明:胶层剪应力分布曲线吻合度较高,峰值相差不超过10.9%。     

补片形状和尺寸对复合材料胶接修补的影响

与传统的机械修补技术相比,复合材料胶接修补具有结构增重小、可设计性强、成形简单和成本低等明显的优点。因此,复合材料胶接修补技术已成功地应用于一些军用和民用飞机的受损结构。借助于ANSYS软件,以三维逐渐损伤理论为依据,分别建立含不同形状补片的复合材料胶接修补模型,其中母板和补片采用正交各向异性损伤模型,胶层采用各向同性损伤模型。在单向拉伸载荷作用下,同时考虑层合板和胶层的损伤形式和扩展趋势,确定层合板的最终失效载荷,并与已有文献进行对比,验证模型的正确性。损伤模型计算结果表明,补片的形状和尺寸均是胶接修补的重要设计参数,其对层合板的最终失效载荷影响显著。斜放的方形补片的修补效果较佳,当对方形补片进行圆角化处理时,受损层合板的拉伸承载能力得到提高。     

复合材料层合板修补结构高速冲击分析

复合材料以其优异的综合性能,在航空航天和防护装备等领域得到广泛应用,胶接修补是复合材料出现损伤、破坏时优先使用的修补方法。对复合材料层合板胶接修补结构在冲击过程中的不同形状和尺寸补片对修补效果的影响,以及1号补片修补结构在修补过程中层合板材料失效情况进行了研究。层合板采用最大应力失效模式,并与已有文献进行对比,验证模型正确性。计算结果表明,在高速冲击过程中,在子弹穿透层合板之前,层合板发生纤维断裂失效,分层失效伴随整个冲击过程。补片的形状和尺寸对修补效果产生重要影响,其中2号补片修补效果最好。     

基于有限元法的飞机蒙皮裂纹加强补片优化设计

胶接增强修复补片的可设计性是胶接技术的优点之一,科学设计飞机结构损伤部位的增强补片是保证修补效果的重要因素。本文利用 ANSYS 软件对飞机2024蒙皮裂纹复合材料增强补片进行三维有限元建模与仿真计算,计算了复合材料单级补片和多级补片边缘胶层最大剪应力,给出了飞机2024蒙皮裂纹单侧修补时的补片优化设计参数。计算表明,用复合材料增强修补铝合金蒙皮裂纹时,补片应设计成多级形式;当补片级数超过5级时,补片边缘的胶层剪应力显著减小,与单级补片相比,其最大剪应力下降了85%。     

一种考虑胶瘤的胶接简化有限元模型:应力与刚度分析

胶接接头中总存在胶瘤,由于建模复杂,胶接接头有限元分析中胶瘤常被忽略.但胶瘤能减少峰值应力,提高结构强度和刚度.为此,提出一种简化的胶接有限元模型,即用壳单元代表胶瘤,体单元代表被粘体和胶层,并用弹性理论建立壳单元等效厚度公式.以体单元精细模型结果作为对比的真实解,考察五种载荷工况下,单搭接头简化有限元模型的胶层应力和刚度.分析表明,壳单元等效厚度公式正确,胶接简化有限元模型精度高,可用于诸如汽车等大型结构中;用壳单元简单模型可定量分析胶瘤大小和形状对接头应力和总体刚度性能的影响.     

非平衡胶接接头循环温度场强度退化研究

随着汽车轻量化技术的发展,结构胶接技术被广泛应用于车身异种材料的连接工序.通过实验室模拟汽车服役工况的循环温度场环境,采用韧脆性质不同的两种结构胶粘剂,对钢/铝非平衡胶接接头的剪切强度进行环境退化研究.试验结果表明,两种胶接接头在循环温度场作用下,接头的宏观强度表现出不同程度的退化现象,并且随着时间的推移,这种退化趋势逐渐趋于稳定;通过ABAQUS有限元软件对胶接接头进行二维建模分析,并且通过内聚力单元对胶层的破坏过程进行模拟,发现在经历循环温度环境作用后,胶接区域边缘处胶层内部剥离应力和切应力的集中现象更加显著;采用扫描电镜法对胶层失效表面进行样貌分析,发现破坏表面胶体的微观结构也受到了环境变化的影响.     

胶层厚度对胶接波纹板三点弯曲力学性能影响研究

三明治波纹板采用轻质化和薄壁化的结构设计方法，可以作为承载和吸能结构应用于汽车底盘前纵梁、车身Y字梁等，而现有文献缺少针对胶层厚度对波纹板性能影响的研究。通过制备胶接波纹板并开展三点弯曲工况准静态加载失效试验，分析了不同胶层厚度对三明治波纹板整体承载和吸能特性的影响规律。试验发现，不同胶层厚度下铝合金胶接波纹板结构承载能力和破坏样貌存在差异，相比于0.5 mm和1.0 mm,0.2 mm胶层厚度的三明治结构的各项力学性能和稳定性较好。随后建立胶接波纹板三点弯曲加载有限元模型，实现了对波纹板整体加载变形过程和胶层损伤的模拟，通过与试验结果对比验证了有限元建模方法的有效性，为轻质金属胶接波纹板结构设计和性能评价提供可靠方法。     

复合材料斜接接头强度数值仿真研究

复合材料斜接接头是胶接结构主要形式之一,其失效模式复杂,包括复合材料层合板和胶层的多种失效模式。提出了一种包含两种不同失效模型的分析方法,采用基于三维Hashin失效准则和指数型刚度退化准则的渐进损伤模型仿真复合材料层合板层内失效,采用内聚力模型仿真胶层失效和层合板层间失效。基于该方法建立了复合材料斜接接头强度分析三维模型,使用试验数据验证了该仿真模型,并利用该模型分析了接头的失效机理。在此基础上,研究了接头斜削角和胶层断裂韧性等设计参数对连接强度的影响,得到了上述参数对斜接接头强度影响的规律。     

考虑汽车车身涂装工艺影响的非平衡胶接接头强度

汽车轻量化的发展要求汽车采用更多的轻型材料取代传统的金属材料,而异种材料的连接就为结构胶接技术的应用提供平台。通过模拟汽车车身涂装工艺中环境温度和相对湿度的变化,采用韧性和脆性两种结构胶粘剂,分别对钢/铝和钢/碳纤维增强复合材料非平衡胶接接头的剪切强度进行环境影响研究。试验结果表明,汽车涂装环境对结构胶接接头的性能有着显著的影响,并且与胶粘剂自身性质有关。通过对不同工况接头的失效模式分析和对胶层的内聚力单元数值二维建模仿真,得到两种胶粘剂在涂装工况影响下胶层宏观力学属性和内部应力分布情况的变化趋势,并对碳纤维增强复合材料与相应胶粘剂材料表面参数的匹配问题进行研究。采用扫描电镜法对胶层失效表面进行样貌分析,探究相应宏观试验结果产生的微观原因。     

不同胶接参数对CFRP层合板单搭胶接结构强度的影响及优化设计

对于碳纤维增强基复合材料(Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer,CFRP)层合板单搭胶接结构的优化问题,首先利用连续损伤力学模型、三维Hashin准则和内聚力模型研究不同胶接参数对CFRP层压板单搭胶接结构力学性能的影响,其次采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法和响应面法构建了拉伸强度代理模型,最后基于遗传算法和代理模型进行联合优化.结果 表明,仿真与试验吻合较好,数值结果与试验结果的误差均低于10％,验证了有限元模型的精确性.随着搭接长度的增大,拉伸强度和层合板层间分层损伤程度逐渐增大,剪切强度和胶层自身剪切失效程度逐渐减小;胶接结构的力学性能及失效形式随着铺层方式的不同而改变.最佳铺层顺序、胶接长度、胶层厚度和搭接宽度分别为[03/903]2s、20 mm、0.0607 mm和10 mm.与常规单搭胶接结构相比,拉伸强度和剪切强度分别提高了25.92％和25.88％.采用遗传算法对CFRP层合板单搭胶接结构进行优化,对提高单搭接接头的力学性能具有重要意义.     

胶接修补结构在多向载荷作用下的极限强度

目前在国内外开展的复合材料及金属的胶接修补研究中 ,计算与试验都是采用单向加载方式。但在工程实际中需要修补的区域一般承受多向载荷。本文采用“双板 -弹簧”有限元修正模型 ,对多向载荷作用下的修补问题进行了研究。结果表明 ,在大多数情况下单向加载状态获得的极限强度恢复程度是偏保守的结果。     

Dynamic Behaviors of Axially Moving Viscoelastic Plate with Varying Thicknessn

Structural components of varying thickness draw increasing attention these days due to economy and light-weight considerations. In view of the absence of research in vibration analysis of viscoelastic plate with varying thickness, this study devotes to investigate the dynamic behaviors of axially moving viscoelastic plate with varying thickness. Based on the thin plate theory and the two-dimensional viscoelastic differential constitutive relation, the differential equation of motion of the axially moving viscoelastic rectangular plate is derived, the plate constituted by Kelvin-Voigt model has linearly varying thickness in the y-direction. The dimensionless complex frequencies of axially moving viscoelastic plate with four edges simply supported are calculated by the differential quadrature method, curves of real parts and imaginary parts of the first three-order dimensionless complex frequencies versus dimensionless moving speed are obtained, the effects of the aspect ratio, thickness ratio, the dimensionless moving speed and delay time on the dynamic behaviors of the axially moving viscoelastic rectangular plate with varying thickness are analyzed. When other parameters keep constant, with the decrease of thickness ratio, the real parts of the first three-order natural frequencies decrease, and the critical divergence speeds of various modes decrease too, moreover, whether the delay time is large or small, the frequencies are all complex numbers.     

胶层脱粘对金属胶接修理后剩余强度的影响研究

本文主要研究了胶层脱粘对金属平板复合材料补片胶接修理后拉伸剩余强度的影响。首先根据补片下方剪应力分布解析公式,将胶接修理区域划分为脱粘安全区和脱粘影响区,然后进行了金属平板结构胶接修理的剩余强度试验以研究胶层脱粘的影响,并验证理论分析结果。结果表明:在脱粘安全区内,胶层自身不参与承载,胶层脱粘对金属平板结构的拉伸剩余强度没有影响;而在脱粘影响区内,出现的胶层脱粘会对金属平板结构的拉伸剩余强度产生影响。     

即贴型单层带通FSS的传输特性

以狭缝阵列为例,利用模匹配法计算分析,并结合实验,针对即贴型频率选择表面(FSS)与介质板的复合结构进行研究,分析了不同厚度的聚酰亚胺基底膜和粘合胶层的影响,并深入研究了不同复合方式下的频率响应.结果表明,即贴型FSS结构中,基底膜与粘合胶层等细节的影响不可忽略,影响程度与复合方式和介质厚度均密切相关.复合结构中应当含有粘合胶层,避免空气间隙的影响.仅当基底膜和粘合胶层的介电常数小于介质板或与之相近,采用合适的复合方式,并且介质板厚度为基底膜和粘合胶层厚度的10倍以上,才能使基底膜和粘合胶层对复合结构传输特性的影响降至最低.一系列厚度的介质单侧加载时的FSS结构频率响应测试结果与计算结果的对比表明粘合工艺的缺陷会导致即粘型FSS结构的传输性能发生变化.FSS的设计中应当全面考虑上述因素的影响.     

胶层尺寸对铝锂合金单搭接胶接接头剪切强度的影响

通过试验研究了不同胶层尺寸对铝锂合金单搭接胶接接头剪切强度的影响,并建立了相应的有限元模型,详细分析胶层厚度和搭接长度对应力分布的影响。结果表明:胶接接头的剪切强度随胶层厚度的增加先升后降,合理的胶层厚度为0.2～0.6mm;胶接接头的剪切强度随搭接长度的增加呈非线性增加,合理的搭接长度为12～16mm;有限元模拟结果与试验结果基本一致。     

轴向柱塞泵配流副油膜试验原理及控制特性

为研究油、水介质下轴向柱塞泵几类关键摩擦副的润滑特性,提出采用电液单元对润滑油膜进行主、被动控制的专用试验系统原理。论述该试验系统用油膜厚度反馈控制配流副密封间隙的模拟试验装置的原理与构成,将微缝隙流对电液控制系统的作用简化为弹簧中阻尼器负载,建立配流副对润滑油膜厚度的阀控缸物理模型并推导精密缸位移控制方程,分析影响润滑性能的主控参量及相互关系,仿真研究油膜厚度控制的动态特性。运用该试验系统进行了初步的平面配流副油膜试验。研究表明,油膜平衡的仿真与试验基本一致,供油压力、摩擦转矩等对润滑油膜的形成影响较大。伺服比例阀的反馈控制原理使系统的油膜厚度动态反馈性能趋于稳定,但在供油压力斜坡变化时油膜厚度平衡值在设定范围内有一定变化。     

Measurement of fluid film thickness on the valve plate in oil hydraulic axial piston pumps (I)-bearing pad effects-

The tribological mechanism between the valve plate and the cylinder block in oil hydraulic axial piston pumps plays an important role on high power density. In this study, the fluid film thickness between the valve plate and the cylinder block was measured with discharge pressure and rotational speed by use of a gap sensor, and a slip ring system in the operating period. To investigate the effect of the valve plate shapes, we designed two valve plates with different shapes : the first valve plate was without a bearing pad, while the second valve plate had a bearing pad. It was found that both valve plates behaved differently with respect to the fluid film thickness characteristics. The leakage flow rates and the shaft torque were also experimented in order to clarify the performance difference between the valve plate without a bearing pad and the valve plate with a bearing pad. From the results of this study, we found out that in the oil hydraulic axial piston pumps, the valve plate with a bearing pad showed better film thickness contours than the valve plate without a bearing pad.     

Some Effects of Viscoelastic Matrix on the Squeeze Films

The solution method in (6) is extended to include a viscoelastic, linear solid matrix. The film thickness and the bearing volume of the viscoelastic cases are obtained and show lower values than that of the elastic counterpart. The result is also compared with the Winkler solid case (7) and it shows a larger film thickness than Winkler obtained.

The squeeze-suction phenomenon is again observed for low applied load, small period and large compliance parameter cases, and it becomes stronger for small D2 values. It clearly indicates that for the viscoelastic model a fluid film can be maintained under cyclic positive load conditions.     

Adhesion Properties of Nanometer-Thick Perfluoropolyether Films Confined Between Solid Surfaces: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study

Lubrication with thin liquid films is essential to ensure the tribological reliability of technologically advanced devices, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems and hard disk drives. However, the adhesion and friction properties of thin films and the underlying mechanism remain elusive due to our limited understanding of film structures and motions at the molecular scale. Here, we investigate the adhesion behavior of nanometer-thick perfluoropolyether (PFPE) films confined between two solid surfaces as a function of film thickness using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Consistent with typical experimental results, our simulations show that the adhesive force exerted by the PFPE films reaches a maximum and then decreases with increasing solid–solid spacing. The maximum adhesive force increases sharply for PFPE films thinner than 4 nm. When exhibiting the maximum adhesive force, PFPE films are slightly stretched within a solid–solid spacing a little larger than the initial film thickness and thereby show lower density than the original equilibrium density. Conventional theories of adhesion, which assume equilibrium density for liquid films, are not applicable in such case. Therefore, we construct a theoretical model that takes decreasing liquid density into account to discuss the underlying mechanism of the adhesive force exerted by nanometer-thick PFPE films on solid surfaces. We infer from the theoretical analyses that the maximum adhesive force originates mainly from solid–liquid interaction for thin films and liquid–liquid interaction for thick films.     

Determining the Adhesive Strength of Thin Hard Coatings

A method is proposed for determining the adhesive strength of thin coatings, taking account of their thickness. The method is used to determine the adhesive strength of some coatings, taking account of the elasticity of the base. It proves effective for coatings of practically any thickness.