Control system design of a linear motor feed drive system using virtual friction

This paper proposes a friction compensator and a design method for control systems to improve the response characteristics of linear motor feed drive systems. The proposed friction compensator cancels the real nonlinear friction of feed drive systems by using the nonlinear friction model proposed in this study and introduces virtual linear friction to facilitate the control system design. The proposed design method enables the determination of servo gains and friction compensator parameters that lead to desirable tracking performance and disturbance rejection without many trial-and-error tuning processes. In addition, the proposed method facilitates the design of the velocity feedforward compensator by using the inverse transfer function of the velocity control loop to correct the position tracking errors for various position commands. The effectiveness of the proposed method with the friction compensator and the velocity feedforward compensator was verified in simulations and experiments using a one-axis feed drive system consisting of a rod-type linear motor and linear roller guides. The results confirmed that the proposed method enables desirable overshoot-free responses and corrects motion trajectory errors due to nonlinear friction characteristics, and the proposed velocity feedforward compensator can correct tracking errors in both constant velocity motion and circular motion.     

开关磁阻调速数控成形设备方案与设计

介绍了开关磁阻调速数控成形设备的方案与设计。在分析总结变频调速、交流伺服驱动成形设备的基础上,提出了用开关磁阻调速系统驱动成形设备,通过直接数字控制电动机起停、角位移和正反转转速,数控成形设备运动的方法和方案,并进行了机构设计。证明开关磁阻调速可使成形设备结构简单,运行可靠,满足数字化控制的需求。     

滑块型直线驱动并（混）联机构新型驱动装置及其变胞性研究

提出将钢丝伺服驱动作为并（混）联机构的驱动方式,该驱动方式是一种新型的具有较高精度的直线驱动方式,其原理为：通过伺服电机驱动使钢丝绳规则有序地缠绕在卷筒上并拖动滑块平台实现较长距离的往复直线运动。设计了一种单轴钢丝绳伺服精密直线驱动装置,介绍了其结构组成和工作原理,建立了其运动学计算模型;同时还研究了滑块型直线驱动并（...     

大型曲轴车铣机床伺服进给系统设计研究

在大型曲轴车铣机床进给系统设计中,依据该机床的车铣和受力特点,在进给系统中采用了双蜗杆无间隙传动机构,采用了直线伺服双驱动机构。并以直线单驱动为基础,引入了交流伺服电动机和传动机构的数学模型,并运用传统PID算法对所设计的进给系统进行控制计算,利用MATLAB对系统的动态性能进行仿真,并确定了伺服机构的参数,并以此又给出了避免直线双驱动过定位的条件,为大型曲轴加工机床进给系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

混合偏最小二乘回归和粒子群优化直接进给轴加速度饱和性能的优化方法

为了提高直线电机驱动进给轴的驱动性能,对进给轴的加速度饱和性能优化方法进行了研究。分析了直接进给轴驱动过程中加速度饱和性能的影响因素,提出一种混合偏最小二乘回归(PLS）与粒子群优化(PSO）的优化方法。采用正交试验设计方法分配伺服试验参数,利用激光干涉仪测量进给轴的运动时间和速度,从而构建样本库,建立基于PLS的加速度饱和性能模型,采用PSO算法辨识加速度饱和性能优化的伺服参数。搭建了直接进给轴试验平台,进行了200组样本的随机试验。结果表明,混合优化后的伺服参数具有较好的加速度饱和性能,比样本组的平均加速度饱和性能指标高68%。     

基于动刚度评价的直接进给轴伺服参数优化方法

优化直接进给轴伺服参数对提高进给轴抗干扰性能具有重要作用。分析了数控系统中应用伯德图优化伺服参数存在的问题,研究了一种基于动刚度评价的直接进给轴伺服参数优化方法。通过建立直接进给轴动力学模型,给出了基于脉冲激励的动刚度测量方法,依据测量方法确定进给轴动刚度频谱图,建立了直接进给轴伺服系统动刚度模型,分析得到影响动刚度的主要因素,结合动刚度频谱图,给出了伺服参数快速优化策略。优化策略中依据动刚度频谱图判断共振点所在频段,应用电子滤波器抑制共振频段。以驱动系统为SINUMERIK 840D的自构建直线电机进给轴实验平台为对象,进行了伺服参数优化实验,实验结果表明,该方法能有效避免误判共振频段,可直接确认共振点,与应用伯德图优化伺服参数方法相比,优化后使速度环伯德图0dB频段增加58.6Hz,且首个尖峰延后11.7Hz。     

交流伺服精密驱动系统机电耦合精度分析

对交流伺服精密驱动系统进行动力学分析时,必须考虑系统的机电耦合影响,将伺服精密驱动系统简化成三质量两轴系统．运用传递函数法建立系统模型,提取了伺服系统中精密传动装置的耦合因素,包括传动刚度、传动误差、传动回差,通过对系统的仿真,分析了传动刚度和传动误差对系统精度和振动特性的影响,为进一步优化系统参数提供了依据、利用该建模方法,能够实现多子系统、多能域的机电系统的建模,对其它复杂机电系统同样适用。     

自动导引车路径跟踪和伺服控制的混合运动控制

对受到非完整约束和动力学影响的自动导引车(Automated guided vehicle,AGV),提出一种包含路径跟踪和伺服控制的混合运动控制模型。为消除AGV位姿偏差,在速度和加速度约束下,基于多步预测最优控制和智能预测迭代控制的路径跟踪技术,输出纠偏协调性最优的有限速度差控制量,并根据该控制量和AGV运行速度设置两驱动轮的目标速度。为消除驱动轮速度误差,以路径跟踪所需的伺服控制能力为决策偏好,采用多目标遗传算法优化伺服控制器的PID参数,保证两驱动轮的实际速度满足路径跟踪要求,并根据系统响应性能反馈速度和加速度约束。AGV路径跟踪试验表明,该混合运动控制模型可匹配路径跟踪技术的位姿纠偏能力与伺服控制技术的速度纠偏能力,有利于实现AGV运动性能的整体优化。     

重复控制及其在变速非圆车削中的应用

为了提高变速非圆车削中直线伺服单元的跟踪精度和鲁棒性 ,建立了变速非圆车削的进给驱动直线电机、运动控制目标函数、主轴变速、切削力等的数学模型 ,分析了主轴变速精度对直线伺服单元控制的影响。应用重复控制理论设计了适于直线伺服单元的重复控制器 ,给出了详细的设计过程和稳定性分析 ,对控制器的性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明 ,基于重复控制的直线伺服单元能很好地跟踪变速非圆车削中刀具运动的目标值 ,能抑制波动的切削力对跟踪精度的影响。     

高速高精度数控进给驱动的机电联合系统仿真

结合C++语言、Matlab软件和ADAMS软件,从整体上设计了一种复杂机电系统仿真方案,建立了数控进给驱动系统的机电联合仿真平台。该仿真方案包括了复杂运动指令的生成、交流伺服控制和多体系统动力学。利用所建立的联合仿真平台对数控进给驱动动态特性进行了仿真分析,并与实验结果进行了对比,最后对两种典型的加减速指令方法进行了仿真比较。表明该仿真平台能够分析和评价高速高精度数控进给驱动的整体动态特性,为数控进给驱动的整体设计提供参考。     

Precision tracking control of a horizontal arm coordinate measuring machine in the presence of dynamic flexibilities

One of the major sources that affect measurement accuracy and limit the use of high motion speeds in coordinate measuring machines (CMM) is the position error. In fact, static and dynamic probe errors are more direct factors in measuring machine accuracy, but are not the subject of this research. However the accuracy of acquisition of component position errors using a CMM in motion is also of importance, hence the dynamics of a CMM need to be considered. Therefore, this research aims to model the dynamics of a horizontal arm CMM by considering drive flexibility at joints and evaluates the characteristics of the system for fine motion control purposes. Design of a precision tracking controller (PTC) to perform superior tracking for enhancing the measurement accuracy and the probing speed in providing less inspection time at high motion speeds is carried out. A dynamic model for the CMM is developed including drive flexibilities represented with lumped springs at the joints. Due to the non-collocated nature of the control scheme in the flexible CMM dynamics, a non-minimum phase system is observed in the proposed CMM model. Using the derived CMM model with joint flexibilities, tracking motion control simulations are conducted at different probing speeds for the cases where a PI controller and a feedback PTC are employed. A comparison of the PI controller with the feedback PTC is also performed. Results demonstrate that the effects of joint flexibilities on the contour error and probing speeds are significant and the PI controller is not capable of providing good accuracy during challenging tasks such as corner tracking. However, the simulation results indicated that by using the proposed feedback precision tracking controller, contour errors in corner tracking that are caused by joint flexibilities can be reduced effectively .     

直线电机驱动进给轴热动态伪滞后建模与补偿方法研究

分析热动态伪滞后效应对直接进给轴驱动精度的影响,对进给轴具有的热伪动态特性进行建模和误差补偿研究。依据一维热传导和一维热膨胀理论,推导直线电机驱动进给轴热动态过程的温度分布模型和热变形误差动态模型,通过有限元分析方法和试验相结合,构建基于关键温度点的直接进给轴热伪滞后变形动态识别模型。应用激光干涉仪测量直接进给轴的热变形量,采用温度传感器和红外测温仪测量直接进给轴关键点的温度,构建进给轴动态热变形补偿系统,依据实时温度对应的热变形数据,发送热变形预测值给运动控制卡,进而向伺服控制器发送控制补偿指令,通过对直接进给轴的运动叠加控制,实现对直接进给轴的热变形补偿。在自构建的直接进给轴试验台上进行试验研究,结果表明：动态识别模型能有效的预测动态热行为,通过构建热变形补偿系统,可使直接进给轴进给精度提高75%。     

数控机床转动轴进给系统轮廓误差分析

在五轴联动数控机床中,转动轴进给系统的动态精度对轮廓误差的影响是不可忽视的。采用不同空间位置上的外形轮廓,对五轴联动数控机床转动轴的联动运动产生的轮廓误差进行分析。在建立转动轴进给系统模型的基础上,利用刀具位置系统到加工系统的转换得到转动轴指令,通过进给系统动态误差模型得到仿真输出指令,再将输出指令从加工系统转换回刀具位置系统,比较刀具位置的偏差,从而得到轮廓误差。找出轮廓误差点与外形轮廓空间位置之间的对应关系,利用这种关系可快速通过轮廓误差来考察转动轴进给系统的动态性能,为机床快速调整和维修提供一种手段。     

考虑控制电信号中间量的机床运动控制误差数据驱动建模方法

现有数据驱动的机床运动控制误差建模方法通常使用端到端的模型,即通过机器学习算法直接构建参考轨迹信息(速度、加速度等)与伺服误差之间的模型,以降低建模复杂度。然而,该方法忽视了控制电信号对运动控制系统非线性扰动的反映,而导致建立的模型精度受限。为解决此问题,提出了一种使用控制电信号作为中间量的数据驱动运动控制误差建模方法。该方法采集参考轨迹信息(速度、加速度、急动度等)、控制电信号、跟踪误差以及构造的换向特征,构建并训练基于参考轨迹信息的控制电信号预测网络,以及基于电信号和参考轨迹信息的运动控制误差预测网络,利用控制电信号这一中间量有效反应系统所受非线性扰动的特点,实现了高精度的运动控制误差数据驱动建模。在实际验证测试时,将参考轨迹信息输入电信号预测网络,而后将得到的预测控制电信号和参考轨迹信息输入跟踪误差预测网络,即可实现运动控制误差的预测。通过实验对所提出的建模方法进行了验证,所提出方法相对于传统的端到端建模方法,运动控制误差的预测精度在X轴和Y轴分别提升16.33%和20.42%,误差补偿后运动控制轮廓精度相较于未补偿提升85.59%,验证了所提出方法的可行性。     

Dynamic and geometric error assessment of an XYC axis subset on five-axis high-speed machine tools using programmed end point constraint measurements

This paper presents a technique for assessing the volumetric errors on a five-axis machine tool for motion involving two linear axes and one rotary axis at selected feed rates using data from two sources. The first source of data is obtained through a programmed end point constraint procedure with measurement of the 3D volumetric positioning errors between a point on the tool holder and another fixed to the machine table reference frame. The tests involve maintaining the nominal coincidence of these two points whilst exercising the three axes. The second source of data is the position feedback signal from the encoder provided by the machine controller. Tests were carried out at low and high feed rates to evaluate the effect of geometric and dynamic errors. Polynomial functions are used to represent and then predict the geometric errors. The predicted geometric errors are then added to the dynamic errors provided by the servo errors from position feedback signals and propagated to the tool centre point and are compared with the measured volumetric errors. It shows that the influence of the geometric errors are dominant at low feed, whereas the effects of the servo errors of the linear axes become dominant as the feed increases, reaching 80% of the total error at a feed of 10,000 mm/min.     

基于ARM的弹道跟踪转镜控制器设计

弹道跟踪转镜已经成为一种跟踪拍摄弹丸飞行姿态的成熟可靠的方法.其中,伺服运动控制器是跟踪转镜的核心部件,其精度和实时性是决定系统整体性能的关键.基于advanced RISC machine(ARM)系统原理,提出了一种转镜伺服控制系统的设计方案,详细介绍了控制器的原理以及软硬件设计方案.分析结果表明:设计可以实现0....     

Disturbance observer and adaptive controller design for a linear-motor-driven table system

This paper presents a disturbance observer and adaptive controller design for a direct drive motion control system. An indirect adaptive controller is implemented to achieve desired tracking performance as well as deal with system parameters variation. To reduce tracking errors, a newly designed adaptive feed-forward controller is proposed based on an on-line estimated inverse model of the linear motor drive system. A digital disturbance observer is implemented to be included in the proposed feedback-feed-forward control structure to compensate for the undesired nonlinearity and external load disturbance of the direct drive system. Experimental results show that this control scheme can achieve superior contouring accuracy, disturbance rejection and robustness under the influence of friction and cogging force.     

3-DOF并联机械腿动力学建模与伺服电机峰值预估

提出了一种结构紧凑、承载能力大、转动解耦性好、运动速度和加速度大的3自由度并联机械腿.为了对其进行驱动参数分析,对机械腿进行了动力学建模,并基于动力学模型进行了伺服电机峰值预估.首先,分析了腿部机构各构件的运动参数,采用Lagrange方程建立了动力学模型,得出了机构驱动力的显式解;接着,在机构动力学模型的基础上,建立了伺服电机驱动转速和驱动力矩的峰值预估模型;最后,通过给定一组结构参数和运动轨迹函数,得出了伺服电机驱动转速和驱动力矩随时间变化曲线,得到了机构的动力学特性,并验证了峰值预估模型的正确性.计算表明,3个伺服电机驱动转速的峰值分别为Nx=19 r/s、Ny=17 r/s、Nw=27 r/s;3个伺服电机驱动力矩的峰值分别为εx=5.8N·m、εy=3.1 N·m、εw=4.4 N·m.     

直线伺服电机在精密驱动与定位平台中的应用

以安川直线伺服电机在表面缺陷视觉检测系统中的应用为例,介绍了多轴直线伺服电机在精密驱动与定位平台中的应用技术,分析了直线伺服电机和伺服驱动器的定位与运动性能,论述了安川直线伺服电机驱动系统运行的实现方法,包括系统的初始化、编写运动程序,将HMI、运动控制器和PC组成局域网,实现三者之间数据查看与修改,及远程控制多轴电机运行、查看实时运行情况和对报警进行处理等功能。     

Dynamic characteristics and dual control of a ball screw drive with integrated piezoelectric actuator

This paper describes the precision continuous path tracking control by using a dual-actuated single stage. First, fine-drive mechanism and the dynamic model of the entire drive system are described. In the simulation model, the dynamic characteristic of the dual-actuated stage is investigated to see whether it can provide precise motion by using dual control. Second, the fine motion controller is designed. Adjusting the control parameters, a positioning resolution of 20 nm and a bandwidth of 260 Hz were obtained. Third, the frequency responses of coarse and fine drives are experimentally investigated. After that, the dual controller is designed based on the investigated dynamics. Finally, whether coarse motion and fine motion could work complimentarily by the dual servo is examined in the experiments. By using the simultaneous dual controller, tracking errors were reduced sufficiently compared to the single coarse control.