基于MOMEDA和包络谱的齿轮微弱故障特征提取

复合故障下的齿轮微弱故障易被强故障掩盖而出现漏诊现象,对齿轮复合故障下的微弱故障特征提取进行研究。首先采用多点优化最小熵解卷积调整(Multipoint Optimal Minimum Entropy Deconvolution Adjusted,MOMEDA)作为前置滤波器对原信号进行降噪,增强信号中的周期性冲击成分,然后进行Hilbert变换得到包络谱;通过分析其中明显的频率成分识别故障,实现微弱故障特征的提取。仿真信号和变速器故障诊断实例表明,该方法能有效实现齿轮微弱故障特征提取。     

基于局部特征尺度分解与基本尺度熵的轴承故障诊断

为了准确进行轴承故障诊断,提出了基于局部特征尺度分解与基本尺度熵的故障特征提取及诊断方法。首先,分析了基本尺度熵提取轴承振动信号蕴涵的故障信息的合理性,针对基本尺度熵的参数选择问题,提出了基于相空间重构理论的延迟时间和嵌入维数选择方法;然后,运用局部特征尺度分解对基本尺度熵进行自适应多尺度化,充分提取了故障特征;最后,将原始信号的降噪数据及有用分量的基本尺度熵作为特征向量,通过支持向量机进行故障诊断。以轴承振动试验信号为例进行了验证,结果表明,所提方法能有效识别正常、内圈故障、外圈故障及滚动体故障等4种状态。     

瞬态成分Laplace小波稀疏表示及其轴承故障特征提取应用

机械系统中轴承局部故障会导致振动信号中出现瞬态冲击响应成分,可通过对瞬态成分的分析与提取实现故障特征的提取。稀疏表示是强背景噪声下微弱特征提取的有效方法之一,在信号稀疏表示理论的基础上,针对冲击响应信号的特点,提出其在Laplace小波基底下的稀疏表示,并应用于轴承局部弱故障状态下振动信号中瞬态冲击成分的提取。在选定匹配基底函数的前提下,运用分裂增广拉格朗日收缩算法求解基追踪去噪(Basis pursuit denoising,BPD)问题,将信号中的瞬态冲击成分转化为一系列稀疏表示系数,实现强背景噪声下弱特征的有效提取。仿真信号和轴承微弱故障下的特征提取表明提出的方法能有效地检测和提取强背景噪声下的微弱故障。     

EHDE和WHO-SVM模型在齿轮箱故障诊断中的应用

针对现有齿轮箱故障诊断方法对数据长度敏感的缺陷,提出了一种基于增强层次多样性熵(EHDE)和野马算法(WHO)优化支持向量机(SVM)的齿轮箱故障诊断模型。首先,传统熵值特征提取方法在特征提取阶段对数据样本的长度比较敏感,为此提出了增强层次多样性熵,并将其作为特征提取指标用于提取齿轮箱的故障特征;其次,采用WHO算法对SVM模型的参数进行了优化,建立了参数最优的WHO-SVM分类器;最后,将故障特征样本输入至WHO-SVM分类器中进行了训练和识别,完成了样本的故障识别;利用齿轮箱数据集分别从数据长度敏感性、算法特征提取时间、模型诊断性能三种角度对EHDE、精细复合多尺度样本熵、精细复合多尺度模糊熵、精细复合多尺度排列熵、精细复合多尺度散布熵、精细复合多尺度波动散布熵进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：EHDE方法对数据长度的要求较低,在数据长度为512时即可以取得99.1%的平均识别准确率,在诊断稳定性和诊断精度方面均优于其他对比方法;在算法的泛化性实验中,EHDE方法能够以98%的准确率识别齿轮箱的不同故障类型,具有明显的泛化性和通用性。     

基于最小熵解卷积与稀疏分解的滚动轴承微弱故障特征提取

受环境噪声及信号衰减的影响,强背景噪声下的滚动轴承故障特征往往表现得非常微弱。滚动轴承的微弱故障特征提取一直是难点。稀疏分解在滚动轴承的故障特征提取中已经取得一定的应用。但其在强背景噪声干扰下滚动轴承微弱信号故障的特征提取效果并不明显。将最小熵解卷积(Minimum entropy deconvolution,MED)与稀疏分解相结合用于滚动轴承的微弱故障特征提取。用MED对强噪声滚动轴承信号进行降噪处理,对降噪后的信号进行稀疏分解和故障特征提取,取得了较好的效果。通过仿真和试验验证了所述方法的有效性及优点。     

基于多维度模糊熵的齿轮故障诊断方法

针对齿轮的故障诊断问题,引入模糊熵的方法对齿轮振动信号进行分析。通过研究嵌入维数和延迟时间对信号模糊熵的影响,提出多维度模糊熵的齿轮故障特征提取方法。利用多维度模糊熵特征提取方法提取故障特征,并结合支持向量机建立了齿轮故障诊断模型。对实测齿轮故障数据进行分析,证明了多维度模糊熵方法可以有效提取齿轮不同状态的特征信息,与支持向量机结合可以精确地诊断齿轮典型故障,具有一定的优势。     

基于LCD模糊熵和流行学习的故障特征提取方法

针对液压泵振动信号非线性、非平稳性以及故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了基于局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,LCD)、模糊熵和流行学习的液压泵故障特征提取方法。该方法将LCD、模糊熵和流行学习相结合。首先,利用LCD将振动信号分解成不同尺度下的内禀尺度分量(intrinsic scale component,ISC)并计算各分量的模糊熵,初步提取液压泵高维故障特征。其次,采用流行学习算法中较为典型的线性局部切空间排列(liner local tangent space alignment,LLTSA)对故障特征进行二次特征提取,得到维数低、敏感度高且聚类性好的低维特征。最后,采用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对提取特征进行评估。液压泵的故障诊断实验表明,所提方法能够以较高的精度识别液压泵的各典型故障,具有一定的优势。     

基于改进局部均值分解和流形学习的齿轮故障诊断研究

为更有效地利用齿轮振动信号进行故障诊断,提出基于改进局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)和流形学习(ISOMAP)的齿轮故障特征提取方法。该方法将局部均值分解、模糊熵(Fuzzy Entropy,FE)和流形学习相结合。首先,利用LMD对原始振动信号进行多尺度分解,并在原LMD方法上添加自适应匹配波形以缓解端点效应对分解结果的影响;然后,对LMD分解后得到的乘积函数(Product Function,PF)进行模糊熵计算,获得原始信号不同尺度下的模糊熵数值,组成高维特征向量;最后,利用ISOMAP对高维特征向量进行二次特征提取,得到低维向量,进行故障识别。实际齿轮实验数据的处理结果表明该方法可以有效的诊断辨别齿轮故障,具有一定的优势。     

基于SK-MOMEDA的滚动轴承微弱故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承早期周期性瞬态冲击不明显及谱峭度在低信噪比情况下分析效果差的问题,提出多点优化最小熵解卷积(Multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted,MOMEDA)和谱峭度相结合的轴承微弱故障特征提取方法.首先,采用MOMEDA作为前置滤波器对含有强噪声的微弱故障冲击信号进行降噪,突显信号中的周期性冲击性成分;然后,通过谱峭度分析,以最佳中心频率和带宽对降噪的信号进行带通滤波;最后,对滤波后的信号进行Hilbert包络谱分析,便可以准确地获得轴承信号的故障特征频率.仿真信号和实验分析结果表明,该方法可有效增强振动信号的周期性瞬态冲击特征,提取出滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征.     

广义精细复合多尺度样本熵与流形学习相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障特征提取困难的问题，提出了一种广义精细复合多尺度样本熵(GRCMSE)与流形学习相结合的特征提取方法。利用GRCMSE提取滚动轴承故障特征信息；采用判别式扩散映射分析(DDMA)方法对高维特征进行降维处理；将低维故障特征输入粒子群优化支持向量机多故障分类器中进行故障识别。滚动轴承故障实验分析结果表明：GRCMSE特征提取效果优于多尺度样本熵(MSE)、精细复合多尺度样本熵(RCMSE)和广义多尺度样本熵(GMSE)； DDMA降维效果优于等度规映射(Isomap)和局部切空间排列(LTSA)的降维效果；GRCMSE和DDMA相结合后的滚动轴承故障识别精度达到100%。     

Rolling bearing composite fault diagnosis method based on EEMD fusion feature

Aiming at the problem that the composite fault vibration signal of rolling bearing is complex and it is difficult to effectively extract the impact characteristics of the composite fault, a composite fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on multi-scale fuzzy entropy feature fusion is proposed. Compared with traditional fault feature extraction methods that can only extract single fault feature information, this method can increase the discrimination of composite fault features, effectively separate multiple composite fault features, and more comprehensively characterize composite fault feature information. First, the signal is processed by EEMD, getting a series of IMF components. Secondly, the energy and kurtosis index of the IMF component are calculated, the appropriate IMF component is selected through the correlation coefficient to obtain a new time series, the multi-scale fuzzy entropy is calculated, and feature fusion performed. Finally, the least square support vector machine is used to diagnose the fault of the fusion feature. The method is verified by a mechanical failure simulation test bench. The experimental results show that this method can quantitatively characterize the data information of fault signal, improve the anti-interference ability, have good feature extraction ability of composite fault of rolling bearings, and can effectively identify the type of composite fault. Compared with the method using multi-scale fuzzy entropy, energy and kurtosis index alone, the accuracy of fault diagnosis increases by 8.12 % and 11.65 %, respectively.

     

基于改进多尺度模糊熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

滚动轴承故障诊断的关键是敏感故障特征的提取。多尺度模糊熵(multi-scale fuzzy entropy,简称MFE)是一种衡量时间序列复杂性的有效分析方法,已经被用于滚动轴承振动信号故障特征提取。针对MFE算法中多尺度粗粒化过程存在的缺陷,笔者采用滑动均值的方式代替粗粒化过程,提出了改进的多尺度模糊熵算法,并通过仿真信号将其与MFE进行了对比分析。在此基础上,提出了一种基于改进多尺度模糊熵与支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。最后,将所提故障诊断方法应用于的滚动轴承实验数据分析,并与基于MFE的故障诊断方法进行了对比,结果验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

广义复合多尺度加权排列熵与参数优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承特征提取和故障识别两个关键环节,提出了一种广义复合多尺度加权排列熵（GCMWPE）与参数优化支持向量机相结合的故障诊断方法。利用GCMWPE全面表征滚动轴承故障特征信息,构建高维故障特征集。应用监督等度规映射（S-Isomap）算法进行有效的二次特征提取。采用天牛须搜索优化支持向量机（BAS-SVM）诊断识别故障类型。将所提方法应用于滚动轴承实验数据分析过程,结果表明：GCMWPE特征提取效果优于多尺度加权排列熵、复合多尺度加权排列熵和广义多尺度加权排列熵;GCMWPE与S-Isomap相结合的特征提取方法可在低维空间中有效区分滚动轴承不同故障类型;BAS-SVM的识别正确率和识别速度优于粒子群优化支持向量机、模拟退火优化支持向量机和人工鱼群优化支持向量机;所提方法能够有效、精准地识别出各故障类型。     

Early fault detection method for rolling bearing based on multiscale morphological filtering of information-entropy threshold

The scale of structure element is especially important to obtain good filtering results in multiscale morphological filtering (MMF) method. In general, the optimal scale of structure element is set to be a fixed value in traditional morphological filter, therefore it is difficult to extract the fault feature from rolling bearing vibration signal effectively. A novel multiscale morphological filtering algorithm is proposed based on information-entropy threshold (IET-MMF) for early fault detection of rolling bearing. Compared with traditional MMF method, several optimal scales of structure elements are achieved according to the energy distribution characteristic of different vibration signals. The information entropy theory is applied to quantify the analyzed signals, and the optimal threshold of information entropy is obtained by iterative algorithm to ensure integrity of useful information. The simulation and rolling bearing experimental analysis results show that the IET-MMF method can extract fault features of vibration signals effectively.

     

基于MCKD和改进HHT多尺度模糊熵的齿轮故障诊断方法

针对齿轮故障信号常伴有大量噪声,故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)和改进希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)多尺度模糊熵的故障诊断方法。首先采用MCKD算法对采集到的齿轮振动信号进行降噪处理,以提高信号的信噪比;然后利用自适应白噪声完备经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对降噪后信号进行分解,获得一系列不同尺度的固有模态函数(IMF),并通过相关系数-能量的虚假IMF评价方法选取对故障敏感的模态分量;最后计算敏感IMF分量的模糊熵,将获得的原信号多尺度的模糊熵作为状态特征参数输入最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)中,对齿轮的故障类型进行诊断。实测信号的诊断结果表明,该方法可实现齿轮故障的有效诊断。     

基于EEMD和多元多尺度熵的风力发电机组滚动轴承故障特征提取

为了降低风力发电机组滚动轴承信号的噪声和进行多信道数据处理,提出了一种基于EEMD和多元多尺度熵的特征提取方法。利用EEMD算法对多信道的原始声发射信号进行分解获取无模式混淆的IMF,通过敏感度评估算法选取反应故障特征敏感的IMF进行多元多尺度熵分析,由单因素方差分析选择最优尺度对应的多元样本熵作为各种故障的特征值。通过从实验台采集得到正常、轻微损伤和断裂3种状态的样本数据,与多种特征提取方法相比较和SVM算法分类分析,证明了所选择故障特征量的准确性,同时也验证了所提出的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于最小熵解卷积-变分模态分解和优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于最小熵解卷积和变分模态分解以及模糊近似熵的故障特征提取方法,并采用优化支持向量机对故障进行识别分类。首先利用最小熵解卷积方法降低噪声干扰并增强故障信号中故障特征信息,进而对降噪后的信号进行变分模态分解,并利用模糊近似熵量化变分模态分解后包含故障特征信息的模态分量以构建特征向量,之后通过采用扩展粒子群算法优化惩罚因子和核函数参数的支持向量机,对故障样本训练并完成故障识别分类。将所提方法应用于滚动轴承不同损伤程度、不同故障部位的实验数据,验证了该方法的有效性。与基于局部均值分解的特征提取方法相对比,结果表明所提方法可以更精确地提取出滚动轴承故障特征,并能够更准确地完成不同故障的识别;通过与基于网格寻优算法优化的支持向量机方法和基于扩展粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机方法相对比,结果表明所提方法具有更好的分类性能,能达到更好的诊断效果。     

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using a new optimal scale morphology analysis method

Periodic transient impulses are key indicators of rolling element bearing defects. Efficient acquisition of impact impulses concerned with the defects is of much concern to the precise detection of bearing defects. However, transient features of rolling element bearing are generally immersed in stochastic noise and harmonic interference. Therefore, in this paper, a new optimal scale morphology analysis method, named adaptive multiscale combination morphological filter-hat transform (AMCMFH), is proposed for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis, which can both reduce stochastic noise and reserve signal details. In this method, firstly, an adaptive selection strategy based on the feature energy factor (FEF) is introduced to determine the optimal structuring element (SE) scale of multiscale combination morphological filter-hat transform (MCMFH). Subsequently, MCMFH containing the optimal SE scale is applied to obtain the impulse components from the bearing vibration signal. Finally, fault types of bearing are confirmed by extracting the defective frequency from envelope spectrum of the impulse components. The validity of the proposed method is verified through the simulated analysis and bearing vibration data derived from the laboratory bench. Results indicate that the proposed method has a good capability to recognize localized faults appeared on rolling element bearing from vibration signal. The study supplies a novel technique for the detection of faulty bearing.     

基于PPCA-EWT的滚动轴承轻微故障诊断

针对经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT)在强背景噪声下对轴承的轻微故障特征提取不足的问题,提出了概率主成分分析(probabilistic principal component analysis,简称PPCA)结合EWT的滚动轴承轻微故障诊断方法。首先,对信号做PPCA预处理,提取信号主要故障特征成分,去除强背景噪声干扰;然后,采用EWT方法分解轴承故障信号,按相关系数-峭度准则选出故障特征较为明显的分量,并将所选分量重构故障信号;最后,对信号采取包络分析,提取出轴承故障特征。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地诊断出轴承故障且效果优于对信号进行EWT包络分析。     

Weak fault feature extraction of rolling bearing under strong poisson noise and variable speed conditions

Fault feature extraction of the rolling bearing under strong background noise is always a difficult problem in bearing fault diagnosis. At present, most of the research focuses on weak signal extraction under Gaussian white noise and has certain practical significance. However, the noise in engineering is often complex and changeable, Gaussian white noise cannot fully simulate the actual strong background noise. Poisson white noise is a type of typical non-Gaussian noise, which widely exists in complex mechanical impact. It is of great significance to study the weak fault feature extraction of a faulty bearing under this type of noise. At the same time, variable speed conditions occupy most rotating machinery speed conditions. Non-stationary vibration signals make it difficult to extract fault features, and the frequency spectrum ambiguity will occur because of speed fluctuation. To solve the above problems, a method of weak feature extraction of a faulty bearing based on computed order analysis (COA) and adaptive stochastic resonance (SR) is proposed. Firstly, by numerical simulation, the non-stationary fault characteristic signal corrupted with strong Poisson noise is transformed into a stationary signal in the angle domain by COA. Secondly, the influence of the parameters of the pulse arrival rate and noise intensity of Poisson white noise on the optimal SR response in the angle domain are studied, and the influence of the parameters of Poisson white noise on the fault feature extraction is given. Then, adaptive SR method is used to extract and enhance fault feature information. Finally, the effectiveness of this method in weak fault characteristic signal extraction under strong Poisson noise is verified by experiments. Numerical simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in bearing fault diagnosis under strong Poisson noise and variable speed conditions.