一种集成Herschel-Quincke管的双调谐内插管扩张室液压脉动衰减器的设计与分析

目前,基于平面波理论的一维解析法已成为气体消声器声学特性研究中最常使用的计算方法,现将其推广到简单扩张室(SEC)和双调谐扩张室(DTETC)压力脉动衰减器的理论建模,并与实验测量结果进行对比,证明了该理论在截止频率范围内用于液压系统也是可行的。之后,应用该理论对设计的一种集成Herschel-Quincke管(HQ管)的双调谐内插管扩张室液压脉动衰减器进行声学模拟,并对可能影响传递损失(TL)的HQ管分支管道长度以及截面积进行了参数化分析。最后,将这种新型结构与SEC、DTETC脉动衰减器的传递损失性能进行了对比比较。     

腔室截面形状对扩张室液压脉动衰减器滤波特性的影响

将气体消声器设计理论中的格林函数法扩展到计算和分析具有矩形、正方形截面的扩张室液压脉动衰减器的滤波特性,在平面波截止频率范围内,这两种截面型式脉动衰减器的插入损失理论曲线与实验测量结果吻合较好,证明了该方法同样可用于计算矩形和正方形截面的扩张室压力脉动衰减器的滤波特性。而针对圆形截面,为避免坐标系变换带来的麻烦,引入消声器声学特性研究中最常使用的一维解析法,其计算结果也与实验测量值吻合良好。通过对这三种不同截面扩张室脉动衰减器插入损失的比较,可以得出：控制扩张室腔体截面周长一定的前提下,在2 kHz测试频带内,圆形截面具有最优的滤波特性,正方形截面次之,而矩形截面脉动衰减性能最差。     

一种复合式广谱液压脉动衰减器的设计与分析

为了降低液压泵出口的压力脉动,设计了一种复合式广谱液压脉动衰减器。该衰减器由1个扩张室、2个容积室、2个限流管和8个质量室构成。通过对复合式广谱液压脉动衰减器的参数进行合理配置,可实现对多个频率段的脉动进行衰减。采用插入损失来评价复合式广谱液压脉动衰减器的衰减效果,利用MATLAB软件对其衰减效果进行仿真,并分析了脉动衰减器主要结构参数与衰减效果的关系。结果显示,该液压脉动衰减器在20～1000 Hz的脉动频率范围内具有良好的衰减效果。复合式广谱液压脉动衰减器结构紧凑,衰减频率带变宽,衰减效果好,符合设计要求。     

薄板振动式液压脉动衰减器滤波特性

为解决液压系统中由于压力脉动而引起的振动和噪声问题,提出一种薄板振动式液压脉动衰减原理,用弹性薄板代替结构振动式液压脉动衰减器的振动质量块,使静力平衡孔和平衡腔的流体构成一个赫姆霍兹谐振系统,弹性薄板与流体耦合振动构成一个受迫振动系统,实现了结构谐振与流体谐振的共同滤波,解决了传统液压脉动衰减器体积庞大的缺点.基于管路动态特性,结合具体的负载,建立薄板振动式液压脉动衰减器的传递矩阵模型,对压力脉动的衰减特性进行仿真,分析主要结构参数与压力脉动衰减性能的关系.根据仿真分析结果完成了流体滤波器样机的制作,对样机进行相关的试验研究,并将理论计算与试验结果进行比较分析.理论和试验研究表明薄板振动式液压脉动衰减器在很宽的频率范围内有良好的滤波效果.     

几种随动液压脉动衰减器的研究介绍

液压泵脉动式的流量输出流经管路后会产生压力脉动,采用液压脉动衰减器能衰减液压泵出口的压力脉动.通过改变自身参数来适应随时改变的压力脉动的随动液压脉动衰减器成为研究的热点,随动液压脉动衰减器能够精确有效衰减系统的压力脉动,使液压脉动衰减器的衰减性能发挥到最大化.重点介绍了现有的随动液压脉动衰减器的结构、设计方法和原则以及...     

基于耳蜗基底膜仿生原理的液压脉动衰减器滤波特性研究

为解决液压系统中由于压力脉动引起的振动和噪声问题,从仿生学角度出发,根据人耳听觉形成过程及耳蜗基底膜的宽频振动响应特征,研究耳蜗基底膜振动的"空间-频率"特性,提出一种仿耳蜗基底膜振动特性的液压脉动抑制方法。设计一种以仿生膜片为共振体的结构紧凑灵巧的液压脉动衰减器,克服了传统液压脉动衰减器结构复杂、体积庞大的缺点。基于流固耦合原理,分析仿生膜片在压力流体中的振动特性;结合管路动态特性,建立脉动衰减器的传递矩阵模型,用插入损失对脉动衰减性能进行评价;通过脉动衰减器样机的试验检验其滤波减振性能。理论和试验结果表明该液压脉动衰减器能够有效衰减液压系统有效频率的压力脉动,并且在较宽频带内有较好的滤波效果,实现了广谱滤波。     

模态共振液压脉动衰减器仿真与实验研究

为了衰减液压脉动,提出一种模态共振液压脉动衰减器结构,利用共振板的多模态拓宽衰减频率范围。当液压油的脉动频率接近共振板的某一阶固有频率时,就会激发相应的振型将该频率成分的脉动能量最大限度衰减掉。选择合适的材质,合理设计共振板的结构使共振板固有频率分布得均匀而密集,使模态共振脉动衰减器具备广谱消声效果。用LMS Virtual.Lab对模态共振液压脉动衰减器进行声振耦合模态计算,并进行样机试验测试。研究结果表明:模态共振液压脉动衰减器结构紧凑、消声频率广、消声效果良好。     

航空过滤器压力脉动衰减抑制机理分析

应急放能源系统是飞机液压系统失效时用于飞机起落架收放的应急动力单元,但该系统存在压力脉动大导致系统不稳定等问题,严重影响飞机的运行安全。利用航空过滤器内部腔体形成压力脉动衰减器对脉动进行抑制。采用压力波声学传播理论及Comsol Multiphysics进行了有限元建模及仿真,得到过滤器腔体直径、腔体长度、入口直径、出口直径为影响过滤器传递损失的关键参数。通过实验测试,过滤器后压力脉动幅值由20.9±0.44 MPa衰减至20.9±0.15 MPa,衰减效果良好,增大腔体直径后脉动抑制效果进一步增强,与仿真结果一致。验证了过滤器压力脉动建模仿真方法的正确性,也为小流量液压系统过滤器设计提供了新的思路。     

直通穿孔管阻性消声器声学特性分析的新传递矩阵法

基于现有文献建立的直通穿孔管阻性消声器声学特性的一维解析模型,将传统传递矩阵法和精细积分法相结合,提出了一种新的传递矩阵法,并应用于分析直通穿孔管阻性消声器声学特性。通过与相关文献和有限元分析结果进行对比,表明新传递矩阵法能够有效计算穿孔管消声器的声学特性,并可提高计算效率。将新传递矩阵法应用于分析此类消声器结构参数对声传递损失的影响,可为该类消声器的研究提供更为便捷的研究手段。     

共振型液压脉动衰减器研究现状及展望

压力脉动通常被认为是振动和噪声的主要来源,使用合适的方法衰减压力脉动对液压系统的减振降噪有着十分重要的意义。共振型液压脉动衰减器由于能够有效衰减固有频率附近的压力脉动、压力损失小、变换类型多、成本低、可靠性高,在实际中得到了广泛的运用。在归纳总结国内外研究现状的基础上,将共振型脉动衰减器分为H型、多腔体型、流体-结构耦合振动型三类,并分别阐述各个类别的研究进展及使用性能。对各个类别的共振型脉动衰减器性能特点进行比较以方便用户合理选用设计。针对现存技术存在的不足,阐述今后研究的重点方向并指出紧凑性好、通用性高、频率适应性强是未来共振型液压脉动衰减器的发展趋势。提出一种新型拓扑结构的共振型脉动衰减器,该种衰减器能够灵活调整自身形状以适应严苛的安装空间要求。     

二维声学数值计算的梯度最小二乘加权

针对传统有限元法求解声学问题由于刚度矩阵过硬导致较大的色散误差,以及在较高波数和网格扭曲时计算精度过低甚至错误的问题,采用移动最小二乘权函数对传统有限元法的声压梯度进行加权重构,推导了梯度移动最小二乘加权(Gradient weighted by moving least-squares,GW-MLS)的二维声学计算公式。对声压梯度的加权重构使得GW-MLS模型的刚度相对于FEM模型得以软化,刚度更接近真实模型刚度。采用与有限元法相同的方式构造质量矩阵和边界积分矢量,保证质量矩阵和边界条件的正确施加和积分精度。通过二维管道声腔模型和二维车内声腔模型算例对所提出的算法进行验证,数值分析结果表明,GW-MLS有效地减少了色散误差的影响,提高了计算精度,尤其是对较高波数和网格扭曲时表现出良好的适应性。     

Mathematical model of interacting hydrodynamic and mechanical processes in centrifugal pumps

Analytical hydromechanics is applied to the dynamic properties of hydraulic systems. This approach is based on analytical mechanics, the theory of nonlinear oscillations, and optimal-decision theory. A mathematical model of interacting hydrodynamic and mechanical processes in centrifugal pumps is formulated, so as to study the dynamics of such pumps and the hydraulic systems in which they are employed. The hydraulic characteristics of a special centrifugal pump are calculated on the basis of the model, using a corresponding numerical algorithm and software.     

Vibration impact acoustic emission technique for identification and analysis of defects in carbon steel tubes: Part B Cluster analysis

Current steel tubes inspection techniques are invasive, and the interpretation and evaluation of inspection results are manually done by skilled personnel. Part A of this work details the methodology involved in the newly developed non-invasive, non-destructive tube inspection technique based on the integration of vibration impact (VI) and acoustic emission (AE) systems known as the vibration impact acoustic emission (VIAE) technique. AE signals have been introduced into a series of ASTM A179 seamless steel tubes using the impact hammer. Specifically, a good steel tube as the reference tube and four steel tubes with through-hole artificial defect at different locations were used in this study. The AEs propagation was captured using a high frequency sensor of AE systems. The present study explores the cluster analysis approach based on autoregressive (AR) coefficients to automatically interpret the AE signals. The results from the cluster analysis were graphically illustrated using a dendrogram that demonstrated the arrangement of the natural clusters of AE signals. The AR algorithm appears to be the more effective method in classifying the AE signals into natural groups. This approach has successfully classified AE signals for quick and confident interpretation of defects in carbon steel tubes.     

Numerical and experimental approach on energy dissipation in nano colloidal damper

Mechanical damping systems have been widely used to various mechanical structures and systems, and are mainly hydraulic and pneumatic devices nowadays. New damping system such as nano colloidal damper (NCD) is complementary to the hydraulic one, having a cylinder-piston-orifice structure. This study includes numerical and experimental investigation about energy dissipation of NCD by using porous silica particles. In numerical approach, the dissipated energy was obtained between compression and relaxation processes for porous silica particle in NCD according to the capillary tube theory. Furthermore, for colloidal damper, the hydraulic oil was replaced by a colloidal suspension that was consisted of a nano-porous matrix with controlled architecture and a lyophobic fluid. NCD test rig and the measuring technique of the hysteresis were described in this study Performance of the energy dissipation between numerical and experimental results was investigated and compared. As a result, the proposed NCD was proved to efficiently dissipate the mechanical energy.     

隔声结构的声学性能试验及仿真分析

试验测量和仿真计算是隔声结构声学性能研究的重要方法.首先对隔声结构声学性能试验测量的混响室法和阻抗管法进行介绍,并分析2种方法的优缺点以及适用范围,为隔声性能测量方法的选择提供依据；同时,将有限元法和统计能量分析法用于隔声结构的声学性能仿真计算,并将计算结果与实验测量结果以及理论公式计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明,理论公式的计算结果与试验测量结果相差很大,特别在吻合频率附近,只能对隔声结构的声学性能进行初步预估.而有限元法和统计能量分析法计算结果与试验测量结果吻合良好,适用于隔声结构的声学性能仿真计算.     

基于解析法的复杂封闭空间有源结构声控制

给出了任意凸多面体声腔在内部点源和外力激励下,腔内声压分布的解析解。该解析方法较传统的数值方法,不仅数据准备量小、速度快精度高,且能够解决目前常用的声弹性法难以解决的复杂几何形状的封闭空腔的声固耦合问题。在此基础上,结合有源结构声控制方法,建立了复杂封闭空间局部区域有源消声的模型,给出了矩阵形式的数值算法,并对一类似车辆驾驶室的复杂封闭空腔进行了有源降噪仿真分析,降噪效果良好,证明该方法可以作为复杂封闭空间有源力消声控制系统的建模基础。     

Modelling of fluid continuum considering 3D surface parameters in hydraulic assemblies

Friction in servo hydraulic assemblies reduces the response characteristics of the system. The friction is influenced by various factors including the geometry (form and surface errors) of the sliding surfaces. In this work, functionally significant 3D surface parameters from the Birmingham parameters are investigated for reduced friction. A 3D surface modelling approach is presented using random process modelling as the basis. An exponential decay areal autocorrelation function is used to model the grinding and honing processes which are commonly employed for the manufacture of the hydraulic assemblies. Honed surface is modelled with the crosshatches of appropriate angle. Method of surface modelling is validated using the data obtained through measurements on a practical surface. Different surface maps with varying surface parameters of the ground and honed surfaces are generated. The fluid continuum gap geometries of the hydraulic assemblies are modelled using these surface maps as envelopes. Pressure distribution, velocity and viscous friction force are used as measurands of the frictional characteristics. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, these measurands are evaluated for different functionally significant Birmingham parameters. Based on further analysis, negative skewness, lower kurtosis values, higher valley fluid retention index were found to have lower frictional characteristics.     

层合薄膜电容式微加工超声换能器(CMUTs)谐振频率分析

电容式微加工超声换能器（Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers,CMUTs）在3D超声成像、水下超声等领域具有重要应用价值。谐振频率决定着超声成像的分辨率,是CMUTs结构设计的重要参数之一。针对具有多层圆形薄膜的CMUTs结构,提出其薄膜结构和材料参数以及有效电极距离的等效方法,建立在直流偏置电压和交流电压共同作用下多层圆形薄膜的振动方程,并分别采用伽辽金法和能量等效法进行求解,获得多层薄膜CMUTs在偏置电压作用下的两类谐振频率解析式。基于有限元模型,利用数值解来验证谐振频率解析式的正确性,并开展参数化研究。结果显示,基于能量等效法的谐振频率解析式比基于伽辽金法的谐振频率解析式具有更高分析精度,适用于薄膜直径/厚度比在20~100范围内、空腔高度/薄膜厚度比不大于1的多层薄膜CMUTs的谐振频率分析;在从0 V到接近于塌陷电压的几乎整个偏置电压变化内,解析解与有限元仿真结果的相对误差小于5%。此外,利用所加工的具有三层薄膜的CMUTs芯片对谐振频率解析式进行试验验证,结果显示在不同偏置电压下谐振频率的试验测试值与理论分析值基本一致。因此,所提谐振频率的理论分析方法可广泛应用于多层薄膜CMUTs结构的设计与优化。     

Experimental and numerical study of the load distribution in a ball-screw system

In this work, load distribution on ball-screw systems (BSS) is determined by experimental techniques. Two optical techniques are used: photoelasticity for stress-field measurement and the mark-tracking method for displacement-field determination. In parallel to the experimental study, finite element method (FEM) and analytical solutions are used to calculate the loads applied on each ball of the BSS. Experimental results are used to validate the choice of boundary conditions and contact conditions between ball-screw and ball-nut in the FEM solution. The validation criterion is the correspondence between numerical and experimental fringes representing the differences of principal stresses. In addition to the study of load distribution, this paper presents the influence of the angle of contact direction on the stress distribution in BSS.