基于鲁棒μ-synthesis的多输入多输出振动主动控制实验

基于结构奇异值μ-synthesis鲁棒控制理论,建立多输入多输出结构振动响应的反馈控制模型,提出设计鲁棒μ-synthesis控制器的方法.以dSPACE为控制硬件核心,采用压电陶瓷为致动器,建立两输入两输出的薄板振动主动控制实验系统,且附加质量被粘贴到薄板上以测试系统鲁棒性能.实验结果表明,通过对性能加权函数和鲁棒加权函数的选取,系统能在指定频带上取得良好的减振控制效果,当薄板发生一定程度的质量摄动时,系统依然能保持稳定且仍具有较好的控制效果.     

基于鲁棒支持向量机的非线性系统辨识

支持向量机(SVM)是一种基于结构风险最小化原理的学习技术,该文利用鲁棒支持向量机对非线性系统进行黑箱建模,首先推导出鲁棒支持向量机的基本理论,给出了对偶优化问题,并结合一个具体的例子进行了仿真实验,结果验证了所提出的方法的正确性和有效性.     

关于Volterra频域核的计算

本文着重研讨在线运行非线性电路与系统的Volterra频域核的求法,即利用非线性电路与系统运行中输出的各次谐波幅值和相角,求取该电路与系统的Volterra 频域核.     

基于鲁棒ν-支持向量机的产品销售预测模型

产品销售时序通常具有正态高斯分布、幅值较大、奇异点等混合噪音,为此,设计了一种鲁棒损失函数,得到一种新的支持向量机,即鲁棒ν-支持向量机.它可以有效地压制销售时序的多种噪音和奇异点,具有很强的鲁棒性,而且比标准ν-支持向量机具有更简洁的对偶优化问题.最后进行了汽车销售预测的实例分析,结果表明,基于鲁棒ν-支持向量机的预测模型是有效可行的.     

混合核函数在线支持向量机在甲醇合成中的应用

针对甲醇生产过程中高度的非线性和时变性,采用精确在线支持向量机模型预测粗甲醇的转化率。在线支持向量机模型一般采用单一的核函数,混合核函数可以弥补单一核函数的不足,提高模型的泛化能力和学习能力。为了使模型的预测精度进一步提高,在混合核函数的基础上运用在线误差校正方法。将基于混合核函数和误差校正的在线支持向量机建模方法应用在煤制甲醇数据上,通过与传统支持向量机和准确在线支持向量机模型对比,仿真实验和分析结果表明改进的在线支持向量机模型比传统支持向量机预测精度高,能够实现粗甲醇转化率的实时预测,从而更好的指导甲醇生产。     

鲁棒自适应波束形成算法比较研究

传统的自适应波束形成算法对基阵的轻微误差非常敏感,为了提高自适应波束形成技术对阵列误差的鲁棒性,在分析线性约束最小方差波束形成器的基础上,讨论了传统的对角加载算法对波束形成器鲁棒性的改善,提出了将基于结构风险最小化原理的支持向量机算法应用于鲁棒波束形成,并对对角加载算法和支持向量机算法进行了鲁棒性能分析与比较.仿真实验...     

基于鲁棒M估计的间歇过程离群点检测

以多元统计分析技术为核心的间歇过程建模、在线监测逐渐成为过程工业的关注焦点,然而过程数据中存在的大量离群点将直接影响上述方法的可靠性,为此提出了一种基于鲁棒M估计的间歇过程离群点检测方法.该方法首先通过积分方程离散化将模型参数估计问题转化为最小二乘优化问题;分别利用Tikhonov正则化方法及鲁棒M估计消除噪声和离群点对模型参数估计的影响;最后通过分析各个样本点的权值,实现过程数据的离群点检测.将所提出的方法应用于半间歇反应过程,实验结果验证了方法的可行性与有效性.     

基于鲁棒迭代学习控制的永磁同步电机转矩脉动抑制

为了提高永磁同步电机转速伺服系统的性能,抑制转矩脉动对控制系统的影响,提出了滑模控制与迭代学习控制相结合的鲁棒迭代学习控制方法(RILC)。设计了迭代学习控制器抑制周期性转矩脉动,提出了滑模控制器提高系统的抗扰动性能,保证系统强鲁棒性及响应快速性。实验结果显示,电机以900r/min的速度运行时,采用鲁棒迭代学习控制可将速度脉动6次谐波幅值由0.89降低到0.56;加入0.5N·m的负载扰动后,转速波动最大值为22r/min,比PI-迭代学习控制法得到的值减小了1.8%。电机以60r/min运行时,采用鲁棒迭代学习控制可将速度脉动6次谐波幅值由4.87降低到0.45;加入0.5N·m的负载扰动的,转速波动最大值为24r/min,比PI-迭代学习控制法得到的值减小了23%。得到的结果表明,鲁棒迭代学习控制方法可有效抑制转矩脉动,同时可提高永磁同步电机转速伺服系统的鲁棒性和动态响应性能。     

在线传感器性能评估技术研究

为了实现在线监视传感器性能,从实用的角度探讨了在线传感器性能评估技术.确定以传感器输出数据的有效度作为评估指标,提出利用小波变换对传感器的输出时间序列进行消噪预处理,运用人工神经网络预测传感器输出值,并与实测值进行比较求出残差,由此来确定传感器的有效度指数.实验结果表明,这是一种有效的在线传感器性能评估方法,并能客观地反映过程参数的突变情况.     

光学超精密仪器隔振系统的鲁棒H∞控制系统仿真分析

针对光学超精密仪器隔振系统的不确定性,采用被动隔振和主动隔振相结合的混合控制技术,其中主动隔振采用鲁棒H∞控制策略,该方法克服了由模型和干扰所引起的不确定性,使得控制系统能够有效地抑制模型的非线性和振动的干扰.仿真结果表明,光学超精密仪器在振动的干扰下具有较好的鲁棒稳定性和控制精度.     

飞行时间质谱仪射频四极杆驱动器的研制

针对自制垂直引入式飞行时间质谱仪（orthogonal extraction time-of-flight mass spectrometer, O-TOFMS）的需要,运用直接数字频率合成 (direct digital frequency synthesis,DDS)技术,研制了射频四极杆的高压射频驱动电路装置。该驱动器频率可调范围为0.5~2 MHz,幅度最高达到1 000 Vp-p。该射频四极杆驱动器（radio frequency quadrupole driver,RFQ Driver）可用于分子离子反应器（molecule ion reactor,MIR）和RFQ驱动,其结构简洁、成本低、性能稳定可靠。     

从光电容积图中提取脉搏率、呼吸率和心率的新方法

光电容积描记图(PPG)是一种利用光学技术无创检测人体心血管脉搏波的方法。PPG信号来源于MIMIC数据库,它含有许多生理信息。本文提出了将集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、倒谱、快速傅里叶变化和过零点检测相结合的方法,从PPG中可靠地估算脉搏率(PR)、心率(HR)和呼吸频率(RR)。首先,将PPG信号通过EEMD分解为有限个固有模态函数(IMF)。因为EEMD有自适应滤波特性,所以估算不同的生理参数时,可以用不同的IMF分量来重构信号。其次,估算脉搏率时,舍去低频含有伪迹的IMF,再通过过零点检测可以得到瞬时脉搏率。然后,估算心率时,用1 Hz~1.67 Hz(60次/分钟~100次/分钟)的IMF来重构信号,再求倒谱,选取反映心脏活动的频带来得到心率。最后,估算呼吸率时,用0.05 Hz~0.75 Hz(3次/分钟~45次/分钟)的IMF来重构信号,然后对呼吸信号求快速傅里叶变化得到频谱图,寻找频谱图中的峰值得到呼吸率。对来自MIMIC数据库的53个成人PPG信号进行了仿真。仿真结果表明使用该综合信号处理方法提取的生理参数与实际生理参数一致,且该方法有运算量小,精确度高的优点(误差不超过1.17%)。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯

建立了二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）联用的分析方法。实验用甲醇作衍生试剂,将二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯衍生成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯（MDC）,通过测定二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯来确定二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的含量。实验采用Waters Acquity BEH C18超高效液相色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%甲酸作为梯度洗脱液,二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯在1.5 min内与其他化合物进行完全分离,经四极杆质谱选择离子监测模式检测。线性范围为2~100 μg/L,检出限为1 μg/L,相关系数0.999 4。考察了水、甲酸、甲酸铵流动相体系,以及进样量大小对样品的分离效果,发现甲酸流动相体系的分离效果优于其他两种流动相体系,同时发现在进样量大时出现平头峰。并且在优化条件下,对实际样品中游离的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯进行了测定。     

Rapid one-of-a-kind production

To shorten the product development cycle time and reduce the cost at the same time, which is very critical for the survival of those small and mid-sized one-of-a-kind production (SMOKP) companies, various computer communication, simulation and computer aided engineering and management techniques have been widely used in these SMOKP companies. However, according to our study, the applications of these advanced computer technologies in these SMOKP companies are lack of system integration and synergy, which result in communication errors, reworks, duplications and hence a longer product development lead time and a higher cost. To solve this problem, an inter/intranet based computer aided rapid product development system is presented in this paper. This system consists of a number of inter/intranet based computer models or sub-systems for supporting rapid development of a one-of-a-kind product. It also employs a novel concurrent product development strategy called “prototype based incremental product development strategy” and an integrated product data structure called “product production structure”. Some industrial implementations of the proposed system, product development strategy and product data structure are also reported in the paper.     

汽车ESC系统DIL/HIL仿真平台设计

全面准确地标定与测试是开发车辆电子稳定控制(electronic stability control,ESC)系统的关键环节。车辆控制过程是典型的强非线性系统,建立精确的车辆模型比较困难,驾驶员模型也很难准确模拟紧急工况下驾驶员的真实反应。在仿真系统中将难以精确建模的液压制动系统、ESC压力调节单元、转向及电子节气门装置采用真实硬件,并在试验平台中嵌入真实驾驶员,基于Matlab/Simulink/dSPACE环境和车辆动力学软件veDYNA,开发硬件在环(hardware-in-the-loop,HIL)和驾驶员在环(driver-in-the-loop,DIL)的仿真试验平台,并在此平台上对所设计的ESC系统进行仿真试验研究。试验结果表明,所设计的DIL/HIL仿真平台可以大幅提高ESC系统的开发效率和测试准确性。     

Effect of the molecular weight on deformation states of the polystyrene film by AFM single scanning

Nanobundles patterns can be formed on the surface of most thermoplastic polymers when the atomic force microscope (AFM)‐based nanomechanical machining method is employed to scratch their surfaces. Such patterns are reviewed as three‐dimensional sine‐wave structures. In the present study, the single‐line scratch test is used firstly to study different removal states of the polystyrene (PS) polymer with different molecular weights (MWs). Effects of the scratching direction and the scratching velocity on deformation of the PS film and the state of the removed materials are also investigated. Single‐wear box test is then employed to study the possibility of forming bundle structures on PS films with different MWs. The experimental results show that the state between the tip and the sample plays a key role in the nano machining process. If the contact radius between the AFM tip and the polymer surface is larger than the chain end‐to‐end distance, it is designated as the “cutting” state that means the area of both side ridges is less than the area of the groove and materials are removed. If the contact radius is less than the chain end‐to‐end distance, it is designated as the “plowing” state that means the area of both side ridges is larger than the area of the groove and no materials are removed at all. For the perfect bundles formation on the PS film, the plowing state is ideal condition for the larger MW polymers because of the chains’ entanglement. SCANNING 35:308‐315, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Rapid one-of-a-kind production

To shorten the product development cycle time and reduce the cost at the same time, which is very critical for the survival of those small and mid-sized one-of-a-kind production (SMOKP) companies, various computer communication, simulation and computer aided engineering and management techniques have been widely used in these SMOKP companies. However, according to our study, the applications of these advanced computer technologies in these SMOKP companies are lack of system integration and synergy, which result in communication errors, reworks, duplications and hence a longer product development lead time and a higher cost. To solve this problem, an inter/intranet based computer aided rapid product development system is presented in this paper. This system consists of a number of inter/intranet based computer models or subsystems for supporting rapid development of a one-of-a-kind product. It also employs a novel concurrent product development strategy called “prototype based incremental product development strategy” and an integrated product data structure called “product production structure”. Some industrial implementations of the proposed system, product development strategy and product data structure are also reported in the paper.     

The efficacy of back propagation neural network with delta bar delta learning in predicting the wear of carbide inserts in face milling

Face milling is a process predominantly affected by dynamic variation of cutting forces, thermo-mechanical shocks and vibration leading to catastrophic tool failure along with gradual wear of the inserts. Keeping in view the industrial importance of this process, it is necessary to devise suitable methods to predict in advance the onset of tool failure without grossly impairing the machining set-up and the job. Hence, the applicability of back propagation neural network with delta bar delta learning rule for faster convergence has been studied with the above objective. The multi sensor based tool condition monitoring strategy shows that the learning rate adaptation scheme combined with the selection of suitable process parameters drastically reduces the training time of the artificial neural network without dispensing with the prediction accuracy.     

复合ICA-SVM机械状态模式分类

提出了一种新颖的、基于独立分量分析(ICA)的复合神经网络，用于不同机械状态模式的特征提取。利用支持向量机(SVM)进行最终分类。与通常的基于经验风险最小化(ERM)原理的神经网络方法相比，基于结构风险最小化(SRM)原理的支持向量机分类方法具有更好的推广能力。而借助多个独立分量分析网络，隐藏于多通道振动观测信号中的不变特征得到有效提取，从而实现了支持向量机分类器在分类能力和推广性两者间的合理平衡。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定贻贝中多氯联苯的国际比对研究(CCQM-P67)

A method developed to participate the pilot study of international comparison CCQM-P67 was introduced. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was used in the detection of five PCB congeners in freeze-dried muscle tissue. Soxhlet Extraction is used for extraction of mussel, duplicate clean-up of GPS and SPE column were used, C-13 labeled PCB congeners were added as internal standard to avoid the error from sample preparation and diction. High resolution Mass spectrometer was used to give good result of detection.