关于振兴东北科学仪器基地问题"振兴东北科学仪器高层专家研讨会"上的发言

科学仪器不仅是科学研究、经济和社会发展离不开的重要的工具，它本身也是一种高技术产品。科学仪器的水平直接反映了一个国家的科学技术和经济发展的水平，因此很多国家，特别是发达国家，都将科学仪器作为一种支柱产业大力加强发展。在美国科学仪器直接影响到它的三分之二的GDP，美国商务部也真正在着力的研究，如何进一步的推动它大量的中小型科学仪器企业的发展和加强它的出口。     

山高人为峰——访“霸王”集团总裁刘令祥

对时钟行业略有知晓的人,肯定知道"霸王"的刘总,知道刘总的人想必都很想会会刘总.在时钟的圈子里,刘总是个很有意思的人,说他有意思是因为在旁人来看,他是个倔强的老头,为人低调.在国内展会上,你基本看不见"霸王"的展位,而在瑞士的巴塞尔展上你会找到;在中国的很多地方都有"霸王"的工厂;他很少参加钟表会议,而他们的产品屡屡是销量冠军;很多人在模仿"霸王"产品,而刘总说别人永远模仿不来;在竞相压价的时钟市场,"霸王"的价位总是居高不降;在其他人看来,"霸王"的时钟已经做的很大很好,刘总却说时钟只是"霸王"产业的一小部分.     

信息化的"追星族"——上药集团抗生素事业部采供中心总经理任学军

谈到信息化的实施,任学军的开场白是,信息化的推行势在必行,企业面临的已经不单单是管理方面的问题了,尤其是上规模的企业,品种种类繁多,办公地点分散,如果没有信息系统的准确和及时性作支撑,企业将无法实现管理.不像是一个车间,一个领导上下走一圈就可以管理的时代了.可见,ERP是在一片呼声中开始实施的.     

奥运来时看分秒

2008年8月8日,中国人将迎来百年期待的奥运会,届时,中国体育健儿将于各国、各地区的运动员共同见证"更高、更快、更强"的奥林匹克精神,创造更多辉煌时刻.作为"更快"表现的速度需要时间来度量,而计时器便担当起了度量的任务,比如说大家期待刘翔能在家门口打破他创下的奥运记录,但这个成绩相差就在0.01秒之间.在奥运场上,计时无处不在,争分夺秒是运动员拼搏精神的体现,时间的分秒毫厘则是钟表师的聪明智慧所在.     

液压-气压传动技术在电动车减振系统中的应用

介绍了电动车减振技术的现状以及所存在的不足.通过对电动车液.气压减振器的设计、前(后)轮的结构设计、车胎的规格选择、刹车制动方式的选择等4个方面的分析,指出了液压.气压传动技术在整车减振技术发展中的趋势.     

提高会计服务质量的关键是加强职业判断力

通过对现阶段会计职业判断力的分析,指出从事会计的工作人员必须提高对会计职业判断力的认识,并结合实际情况制定了提高会计职业判断力的具体措施,提升会计职业判断力的水平.     

谋定而后动打造"智能化"现代造船企业——访天津新港船厂总工程师梁有祥

当记者走进新港船厂大门的时候,产生了一种熟悉的感觉--典型的老国营企业的建筑、工人和厂房.尽管下着细雨,但是机器的隆隆声和形色匆匆的工人提示着这仍是上班时间.这样的老厂,2001年甚至面临破产的境地,其信息化建设会是怎样一个艰难的状况呢?操着一口浓郁的天津话的总工程师梁有祥接待了记者.     

瑞士华嘉(香港)有限公司及独家代理欧美部分分析仪器介绍

瑞士华嘉公司是一家著名的国际贸易集团，总部位于瑞士的苏黎世。华嘉公司自1900年以来便与中国进行友好贸易往来，业务范围涉及机器、仪器、消费品、食品原料、化工原料等诸多领域。“科技的市场智慧”是对华嘉公司形象的准确概括。高品质的产品，专业的应用及完善的售后服务，对各种客户文化背景的深该理解以及娴熟的市场贸易技巧使得客户获得的不仅是经济上的利益，而且是技术上的进步。     

基于PLC控制的搬运机械手的应用

论述了搬运机械手的功能、结构原理及软件设计.结合大蒜根须切除设备中大蒜的搬运,详细介绍了PLC的选择、I/O的分配、PLC与器件的逻辑电路连接及系统的气动原理.     

全自动伺服多功能芯体组装机的研制

文章从技术角度对汽车铝换热器的冷凝器、暖风、水箱的芯体组装进行了深刻的探讨,将国际领先的一机多能技术应用到汽车换热器的芯体组装上,提高了产品的适应性,增加了使用寿命,更重要的是解决了实现多品种芯体组装的难题.     

卷烟中铅和镉的测定及评价

目的：选择某种品牌卷烟6种产品,分别进行测定卷烟中铅和镉的含量。方法：这两种重金属污染物采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定。结果：这6种卷烟中铅的质量浓度分别为4.2591ug/g、3.4663ug/g、4.0298ug/g、4.5284ug/g、4.0750ug/g、2.9540ug/g;镉的质量浓度分别为0.0867ug/g、0.0667ug/g、0.0741ug/g、0.0821ug/g、0.0763ug/g、0.0716ug/g。结论：卷烟中的铅和镉的质量浓度都未超过这两种重金属引起机体损伤的阈值浓度,但长期吸烟接触会对机体产生确定性的损伤效应。     

山区铁路钢轨磨损情况调查与防治技术试验研究

介绍了对实际线路钢轨现状调查的结果:随着我国五次铁路提速,铁路的超负荷运行,加上路线等原因导致铁路钢轨磨损严重．通过制定相应的抗磨损措施并进行实践操作,在对比分析基础上,得出机车合理轮缘喷脂间距能有效减缓钢轨鱼鳞伤损的发生和发展,提高钢轨防断能力,在此基础上提出适合我国山区铁路的抗磨损方法和保养措施．结论对我国铁路钢轨的养护具有参考价值．     

论科技与艺术的关系及作用

科学技术的快速发展,促使整个世界发生了天翻地覆的变化,其中,也包括了我们传统和现代意义上的艺术,在科学与艺术迅猛发展的新的历史时期,科学与艺术两种完全不同的思维方式正在进行激烈的碰撞,相互影响,相互融合。科技对艺术有着和谐的,相互促进的关系,但也有着不可调和的矛盾。科技也促使艺术渐渐的脱离了传统的审美标准,变得越来越功利化,机械化。     

森林火灾与气象因子关系及其预防

由于黑河地区特殊的地理环境,一般年份在春秋两季的气象条件下,易导致森林火灾发生。通过多年的观测分析发现,降水、温度、湿度和风力（速）等气象因子是影响火灾发生的重要条件。利用人工增雨改善森林外部环境,可避免或减小火森林灾的发生。     

Comparison of the effects of the lubricant-molecule chain length and the viscosity on the friction and wear of diamond-like-carbon coatings and steel

For steel contacts it is usual for the longer molecular chain lengths of saturated linear hydrocarbons and their acids and alcohols to reduce the coefficient of friction in the boundary-lubrication regime. However, the effect of these lubricant properties on DLC contacts is still unknown. Since the boundary-lubrication mechanisms between DLC coatings and conventional additives do not appear to be as effective as with metals, other potential mechanisms, even though based on weaker interactions or the oil's physical and rheological properties, may thus be very relevant. In this study we focus on the influence of the base oil's chain length and viscosity on the friction and wear in DLC/DLC contacts, and we compare this behaviour with conventional steel/steel contacts, using several simple linear hydrocarbons, i.e., alkanes, and complex branched hydrocarbons, i.e., polyalphaolefins. The results show that in both the steel/steel and DLC/DLC contacts the wear decreases with a longer molecular chain length and a higher viscosity of the oil. However, in DLC/DLC contacts the coefficient of friction increases when oil with a longer molecular chain length or a higher viscosity is used, and decreases with the lower oil viscosity and shorter chain lengths, which is just the opposite to conventional steel/steel behaviour. These results are analysed and discussed in view of lubricant cohesive energy, surface tension, shear strength, viscosity and chain length.     

金属电器底盒成型分析及模具设计

介绍了一款金属电器底盒的结构特征及使用成型需求,从解决生产成型过程中的重点和难点出发,详细地论述了电器底盒成型时每个工序模具的生产过程及模具结构特征.电器底盒的冲压成型共采用了冲孔压型、落料翻孔、切舌和耳括成型、侧面形成、压型等工艺,与之配套地使用了五副冲压成型模具进行形成加工.各生产工艺分布合理,配套模具结构简单,构思新颖巧妙,所需生产辅助工序少,便于以流水线的形式进行生产,具有一定的创新和推广借鉴应用价值.     

基于行人下腿部与汽车保险杠的碰撞研究及优化设计

交通事故中当汽车与行人发生碰撞时,下腿部易受到骨折甚至更严重的伤害.所以行人保护受到越来越多的关注.各大汽车厂商和研究机构也在自身的产品开发中考虑对行人保护的改善.介绍了行人保护法规内容要求和实验要求,并采用仿真方法,建立了行人下腿部撞击器与保险杠碰撞的有限元模型,分析了腿部与保险杠的撞击响应,得到了行人腿部与保险杠相撞时的加速度、弯曲角度、剪切位移等参数,并通过调整保险杠的造型以及保险杠发泡和蒙皮刚度改善车辆前部对下腿部的影响,从而改进对行人腿部碰撞的伤害.     

Manufacturing and the environment

The Industrial Revolution transformed society and its interaction with the environment, increasing the use of natural resources and the pace of development of new products and processes. This has left permanent changes in the structure of society and also on the earth through depletion of resources, alteration of natural habitats and pollution from unwanted byproducts of the production process and discarded products at the end of their useful life. Recently, concern for the environment has led manufacturing industry to take a proactive role in the development of cleaner manufacturing processes and the design of recyclable products. The goal is sustainable development, where the waste from one process becomes the raw material for another in a large cycle which imitates the natural food chain.This paper outlines the requirements for such sustainable development, and gives an example of the elimination of unwanted by-product through the use of dry cutting.     

Mapping of the morphological and the material characteristics on the glenoid and estimation of predominant loading condition on the glenoid through the mapping

The aim of this study was to predict and map the regional distribution of the trabecular architecture and the material properties of the glenoid and to estimate the predominant loading condition on the glenoid through the mapping. The morphological and material characteristics of the glenoid were investigated by analyzing digitized trabecular bone images obtained from twelve cadaver scapula specimens. The morphological and material characteristics computed from the cadaver specimens show that the predominant loading on the glenoid generally occurs during shoulder movement, which produces forces directed toward the posterior aspect of the bare region. This study is innovative in its detailed mapping of the morphological and material characteristics of the glenoid and its pioneering approach used to estimate the loading pattern acting on the glenoid through the mapping. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Young Eun Kim Dohyung Lim received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Biomedical Engineering from Inje University, Kimhae, Korea, in 1998 and 2000, respectively. He then went on to receive his Ph.D. degree from School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2004. Dr. Lim completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA and a Research Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea. Dr. Lim is currently a Senior Researcher at the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology in Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea. Han-Sung Kim received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Machine Design and Production Engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, in 1989 and 1991, respectively. Dr. Kim received Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK, in 1999. Dr. Kim is currently an Associated Professor at the Biomedical Engineering at Yonsei University in Wonju, Korea. Jung-Sung Kim received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Biomedical Engineering from Inje University, Kimhae, Korea, in 1996 and 1998, respectively. He is currently in the doctor’s course in Department of Medical Engineering and BK 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Rami Seliktar has a BS and MS degree in Mechanical Engineering, from The Technion, IIT, and Ph.D. (BME) from Strathclyde University, Scotland. He has held academic appointments in several institutions worldwide: Strathclyde University (2yrs.); associate professor at the Technion (9yrs.); Texas A&M (on sabbatical leave from the Technion), and twenty seven years as professor of BME and ME at Drexel University in Philadelphia. Concurrently he founded and directed a Biomechanics laboratory at the Loewenstein Rehab. in Israel and consulted to governments, public agencies and industries. Prof. Seliktar has done research on limb prosthetics, human performance, orthopedic and occupational biomechanics, assistive technology for automomobil dynamics. His research has been funded by: The NSF, NIH, the RWJ Foundation, the Easter Seal Foundation, NIDRR, AIduPont, the United Cerebral Palsy and some hospitals. He has published numerous articles in scientific journals, book chapters and conference proceedings. At the present, Rami Seliktar is Professor and Vice Director of the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems of Drexel University. Sung-Jae Lee received B.S. and M.Eng. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, in 1984 and 1985, respectively. He re-ceived Ph.D. degree in Biomedical Engineering from University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA, in 1993 Dr. Lee is currently a Professor at Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyongnam, Korea. He is currently serving as a board member for the Division for Health Care Technology Assessment of International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), a executive member of Korean Orthopedic Research Society, director of international relations for the Korean Society for Biomaterials and also for the Korean Society of Biomechanics.     

电火花脉冲加工及电参数对加工效率和加工精度的影响

简要介绍了电火花脉冲加工的现状、特点及加工原理;着重分析了放电加工中电参数对加工效率及加工精度的影响;定量分析了它们之间的相互影响。