基于反演设计的机械臂非奇异终端神经滑模控制

针对具有建模误差和不确定干扰的多关节机械臂的轨迹跟踪问题,设计反演非奇异终端神经滑模控制。该方案是采用能有限时间收敛的非奇异终端滑模面,根据滑模控制原理和反演方法设计反演滑模控制器;对于反演滑模控制系统中由于建模误差和不确定干扰造成的不确定因素的上界,设计径向基(Radial basis function, RBF)神经网络自适应律,在线估计不确定因素的上界;利用李亚普诺夫定理证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的轨迹跟踪性能,提高对于建模误差和不确定干扰等因素的鲁棒性,削弱了抖动。     

Output-feedback super-twisting control for line-of-sight angles tracking of non-cooperative target spacecraft

Without the line-of-sight (LOS) angles rate information, this paper investigates the LOS angles tracking problem of non-cooperative target in chaser’s body frame with the external disturbance force and torque via chaser’s control torque. By integrating with the attitude dynamics of the chaser, a novel coupled LOS-based relative motion model is firstly established, which reveals the redundancy relationship between the LOS angles motion with two Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) and three dimensional control torque. More specially, the LOS angles tracking control problem is formulated as an output-feedback control problem of an uncertain nonlinear system with the actuator redundancy. As a stepping-stone, a fourth order high order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) is proposed to estimate the system state and uncertain terms. A combination of modified super twisting algorithm (STA) with nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) and control allocation is proposed, the main novelty of modified STA is that the NFTSM is introduced to replace the linear sliding mode (LSM), and the original STA cannot be applied directly, a modified STA is proposed, which can guarantee the fast finite-time convergence. Finally, simulations are conducted to show fine performance of the proposed control scheme.     

Tracking control of robot manipulators via output feedback linearization

This paper presents a robot manipulator tracking controller based on output feedback linearization. A sliding mode perturbation observer (SPO) is designed to estimate unmeasurable states and system perturbations that involve system nonlinearities, disturbances and unmodelled dynamics. The use of SPO allows to input/output linearize and decouple the strongly coupled nonlinear robot manipulator system merely by the feedback of joint angles. The controller design does not need an accurate model of the robot manipulator. Simulation studies are undertaken based on a two-link robot manipulator to evaluate the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the proposed controller has more superior tracking control performance, with payload changing in a wide range, in comparison with a sliding mode controller (SMC) designed based on state feedback linearization with full states available. Selected from Journal of Shenzhen University (Science & Engineering), 2005, 22(3)     

Sliding mode output feedback control based on tracking error observer with disturbance estimator

For a class of systems who suffers from disturbances, an original output feedback sliding mode control method is presented based on a novel tracking error observer with disturbance estimator. The mathematical models of the systems are not required to be with high accuracy, and the disturbances can be vanishing or nonvanishing, while the bounds of disturbances are unknown. By constructing a differential sliding surface and employing reaching law approach, a sliding mode controller is obtained. On the basis of an extended disturbance estimator, a creative tracking error observer is produced. By using the observation of tracking error and the estimation of disturbance, the sliding mode controller is implementable. It is proved that the disturbance estimation error and tracking observation error are bounded, the sliding surface is reachable and the closed-loop system is robustly stable. The simulations on a servomotor positioning system and a five-degree-of-freedom active magnetic bearings system verify the effect of the proposed method.     

视频小卫星凝视姿态跟踪的仿真与实验

对视频卫星实现对地凝视成像时的数学模型、姿态跟踪控制器设计和全物理仿真进行了研究.首先,根据卫星轨道运动与姿态运动相关理论,推导了对地凝视时视频小卫星相对轨道坐标系的期望四元数和期望姿态角速度的变化规律.设计了基于误差四元数和误差姿态角速度的PD控制器,并采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了所设计控制器的稳定性.然后,以在曝...     

阀控缸系统有限时间滑模控制

针对阀控缸系统稳态跟踪误差的收敛时间均为非有限时间内收敛到0的问题，提出了一种终端滑模控制方法。解决了液压系统非有限时间收敛问题，使得跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到0。首先，运用终端滑模控制方法通过构造终端函数方式引入非线性项，设计终端滑模面来保证系统的全局鲁棒性和稳定性；其次，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计终端滑模控制器，保证位置跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到0并验证其稳定性；最后，利用阀控缸系统模型以正弦信号及其衍生信号为参考信号对控制策略进行Simulink仿真，表明了终端滑模控制方法的可行性与有效性。     

Continuous high order sliding mode controller design for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle

This paper investigates the problem of tracking control with uncertainties for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV). In order to overcome the analytical intractability of this model, an Input–Output linearization model is constructed for the purpose of feedback control design. Then, the continuous finite time convergence high order sliding mode controller is designed for the Input–Output linearization model without uncertainties. In addition, a nonlinear disturbance observer is applied to estimate the uncertainties in order to compensate the controller and disturbance suppression, where disturbance observer and controller synthesis design is obtained. Finally, the synthesis of controller and disturbance observer is used to achieve the tracking for the velocity and altitude of the FAHV and simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategies.     

Precision coordinated control of multi-axis gantry stages

High precision motion control of gantry stages has found numerous applications in the manufacturing industries where precise positioning is crucial. This paper presents a survey of existing control schemes as well as the development of enhanced schemes for the coordinated motion control of moving gantry stages. In particular, a robust control scheme is proposed which uses a feedback controller with a sliding mode to correct for the tracking error and to coordinate multiple axis to move in tandem. Simulation and experimental results will illustrate and compare the performance of the control schemes presented in the paper.     

Sliding mode based trajectory linearization control for hypersonic reentry vehicle via extended disturbance observer

This paper proposes a novel hybrid control framework by combing observer-based sliding mode control (SMC) with trajectory linearization control (TLC) for hypersonic reentry vehicle (HRV) attitude tracking problem. First, fewer control consumption is achieved using nonlinear tracking differentiator (TD) in the attitude loop. Second, a novel SMC that employs extended disturbance observer (EDO) to counteract the effect of uncertainties using a new sliding surface which includes the estimation error is integrated to address the tracking error stabilization issues in the attitude and angular rate loop, respectively. In addition, new results associated with EDO are examined in terms of dynamic response and noise-tolerant performance, as well as estimation accuracy. The key feature of the proposed compound control approach is that chattering free tracking performance with high accuracy can be ensured for HRV in the presence of multiple uncertainties under control constraints. Based on finite time convergence stability theory, the stability of the resulting closed-loop system is well established. Also, comparisons and extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.     

Adaptive backstepping fault-tolerant control for flexible spacecraft with unknown bounded disturbances and actuator failures

In this paper, a robust adaptive fault-tolerant control approach to attitude tracking of flexible spacecraft is proposed for use in situations when there are reaction wheel/actuator failures, persistent bounded disturbances and unknown inertia parameter uncertainties. The controller is designed based on an adaptive backstepping sliding mode control scheme, and a sufficient condition under which this control law can render the system semi-globally input-to-state stable is also provided such that the closed-loop system is robust with respect to any disturbance within a quantifiable restriction on the amplitude, as well as the set of initial conditions, if the control gains are designed appropriately. Moreover, in the design, the control law does not need a fault detection and isolation mechanism even if the failure time instants, patterns and values on actuator failures are also unknown for the designers, as motivated from a practical spacecraft control application. In addition to detailed derivations of the new controller design and a rigorous sketch of all the associated stability and attitude error convergence proofs, illustrative simulation results of an application to flexible spacecraft show that high precise attitude control and vibration suppression are successfully achieved using various scenarios of controlling effective failures.     

Finite-time tracking control of nth-order chained-form non-holonomic systems in the presence of disturbances

This paper addresses the problem of finite-time tracking controller design for nth-order chained-form non-holonomic systems in the presence of unknown disturbances. To this aim, a generalized disturbance observer based controller is proposed and combined with a recursive terminal sliding mode approach which guarantees finite-time convergence of the disturbance observer dynamic. By introducing a time-varying transformation and introducing a new control law, the existence of the sliding around the recursive terminal sliding mode surfaces is guaranteed. Finally, the proposed approach is applied for a wheeled mobile robot with a fourth-order chained-form non-holonomic model. The simulation results demonstrate the desirable and robust tracking performance of the proposed approach in the presence of unknown disturbance.     

Finite time parameter estimation-based adaptive predefined performance control for servo mechanisms

This paper proposes an adaptive funnel control scheme for two-inertia servo systems with unknown parameters (e.g., inertia and stiffness coefficient). To improve the transient and steady-state performance, a modified funnel variable, which relaxes the limitation of the original funnel control, is developed by using the tracking error to replace the scaling factor. Then, an error transformation with the new funnel variable is introduced and used in the controller design. An auxiliary filter operation is designed to derive the information of parameter estimation error, which is used as a new leakage term in the parameter update law. Then a sliding mode technique is introduced in the adaption law to achieve finite-time convergence. Appropriate comparison to the gradient descent method is provided concerning with the estimation convergence. Simulation and experimental results are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the devised control scheme.     

基于误差反馈学习的永磁同步电机变负载有限时间速度控制

针对传统永磁同步电机调速系统面对变负载和大范围调速时,P、I参数需要频繁调整且速度跟踪不理想的问题,提出了一种基于误差反馈学习结构的永磁同步电机有限时间速度控制方法。在对永磁同步电机运动方程分析的基础上,使用非线性PI和径向基神经网络建立了速度环控制器模型。前者保证控制系统收敛和稳定,其输出作为神经网络的误差学习参数;后者基于终端滑模理论设计参数调整律,加快神经网络的参数收敛速度,使得神经网络的输出逐渐取代非线性PI成为控制系统的主要控制器。利用李雅普诺夫稳定判据分析了控制器的收敛性,并在永磁同步电机调速系统上进行了试验。研究结果表明,基于误差反馈学习结构的有限时间控制策略能够减小系统静态误差和抖振,具有一定的抗干扰能力。     

Finite-time fault tolerant attitude stabilization control for rigid spacecraft

A sliding mode based finite-time control scheme is presented to address the problem of attitude stabilization for rigid spacecraft in the presence of actuator fault and external disturbances. More specifically, a nonlinear observer is first proposed to reconstruct the amplitude of actuator faults and external disturbances. It is proved that precise reconstruction with zero observer error is achieved in finite time. Then, together with the system states, the reconstructed information is used to synthesize a nonsingular terminal sliding mode attitude controller. The attitude and the angular velocity are asymptotically governed to zero with finite-time convergence. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于改进扩展状态观测器的四旋翼无人机轨迹鲁棒跟踪控制

针对四旋翼无人机在轨迹跟踪过程中会受到内外部扰动、模型误差等不确定性因素的影响,本文提出了一种基于改进型扩展状态观测器的积分滑模控制方案。具体来讲,首先,将四旋翼无人机系统存在的模型误差以及内外部扰动等不确定性因素视作集总干扰,通过借鉴的改进扩展状态观测器对其进行观测;进而,在此基础上,进一步考虑四旋翼无人机系统控制的连续性,基于四旋翼无人机轨迹误差、速度误差、姿态角误差和姿态角速度误差设计积分滑模控制器,分析了系统的稳定性并分别进行了数值仿真和实机实验。结果表明,采用本文算法时,在数值仿真中,各状态跟踪误差不超过1%,跟踪精度最高;在实机实验中,位置跟踪误差总体上能控制在20%以下。因此,本文方法具备有效性和可行性。     

基于位姿反馈的三臂空间机器人抓捕轨迹规划

以三臂空间机器人为研究对象,针对经历奇异位形时出现的位姿误差问题,提出一种基于位姿误差反馈的轨迹规划算法。根据系统一般运动学方程并结合动量守恒方程建立系统运动学模型,利用位姿期望指令得到误差运动方程。以关节角速度为控制量,设计了基于位姿误差反馈的控制率,使闭环系统的跟踪误差按指数速度收敛。该方法能够减小机器人奇异点邻域内的位姿跟踪误差,且在离开奇异区域后能完全消除误差。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于快速终端滑模的机器人轨迹跟踪避障方法

针对非完整轮式机器人有限时间精准轨迹跟踪避障问题,设计了一种基于全局快速终端滑模方法,兼具无抖振、收敛时间可调等优点的轨迹跟踪控制器。首先,在载体坐标系下建立轮式机器人运动学模型;其次,构造包含终端吸引子和指数收敛项的全局快速终端滑模轨迹跟踪控制器,通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的控制器能确保轨迹与航向角跟踪误差均能在有限时间内收敛于较小的零域范围内;最后,引入人工势场避障方法,实现了机器人严格跟踪参考轨迹的同时绕开障碍物。实验结果表明,该方法能实现在避障的同时对于给定参考轨迹的有限时间稳定跟踪控制。     

树障清理空中机器人的姿态控制器设计

以一种用于对高压线路附近的树障进行清理的树障清理空中机器人为研究对象,分析其姿态控制问题。首先,建立了具有新型结构的树障清理空中机器人的姿态动力学模型和控制分配矩阵。然后,为了克服惯性矩阵的不确定性,采用滑模方法设计姿态控制器;同时,引入非线性函数来改进传统的边界层法以提高控制器性能;接着提出了一种切换控制分配矩阵的方法来解决空中机器人在切割作业过程中的动力学模型变化的问题。最后,在仿真平台上实现了上述控制器。实验结果表明,本滑模控制器具有良好的姿态控制性能,能有效克服机体惯量的不确定性;通过切换控制分配矩阵实现了空中机器人在切割作业过程中的姿态稳定。     

基于分数阶微积分的机械臂迭代滑模控制策略研究

为提高工业机械臂的控制性能,将分数阶微积分理论与迭代学习控制及滑模控制相结合,提出一种有效的分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.在控制器的设计过程中,分别采用分数阶趋近律与分数阶滑模控制律两种方法将分数阶微积分引入到迭代滑模控制中,提出分数阶迭代滑模控制策略.并使用李雅普诺夫理论分析系统的稳定性.然后以一个两关节机械臂为例,通过MATLAB仿真对所提出的控制策略进行了验证.实验表明:分数阶迭代滑模控制策略可以有效提高关节的跟踪速度和跟踪精度,减小跟踪误差,具有较强的鲁棒性,并有效地抑制了滑模控制的抖振现象.     

Design and analysis of a new AUV’s sliding control system based on dynamic boundary layer

The new AUV driven by multi-vectored thrusters not only has unique kinematic characteristics during the actual cruise but also exists uncertain factors such as hydrodynamic coefficients perturbation and unknown interference of tail fluid,which bring difficult to the stability of the AUV’s control system.In order to solve the nonlinear term and unmodeled dynamics existing in the new AUV’s attitude control and the disturbances caused by the external marine environment,a second-order sliding mode controller with double-loop structure that considering the dynamic characteristics of the rudder actuators is designed,which improves the robustness of the system and avoids the control failure caused by the problem that the design theory of the sliding mode controller does not match with the actual application conditions.In order to avoid the loss of the sliding mode caused by the amplitude and rate constraints of the rudder actuator in the new AUV’s attitude control,the dynamic boundary layer method is used to adjust the sliding boundary layer thickness so as to obtain the best anti-chattering effects.Then the impacts of system parameters,rudder actuator’s constraints and boundary layer on the sliding mode controller are computed and analyzed to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the sliding mode controller based on dynamic boundary layer.The computational results show that the original divergent second-order sliding mode controller can still effectively implement the AUV’s attitude control through dynamically adjusting the sliding boundary layer thickness.The dynamic boundary layer method ensures the stability of the system and does not exceed the amplitude constraint of the rudder actuator,which provides a theoretical guidance and technical support for the control system design of the new AUV in real complex sea conditions.