离心压缩机气体振动成因及控制策略

离心式压缩机在运行过程中会产生强大的离心力,气体在离心力的作用下会发生离心运动,并通过流道进行进一步压缩。但是,气体在压缩过程中会对转子产生作用,可能导致转子失稳而引发压缩机产生振动。因此,重点分析离心压缩机气体激振原因,并提出了一些有效的控制策略。     

油液过流速度对船舶液压油检测精度的影响

为提高平面电感式微流控检测芯片的检测精度,研究了油样过流速度与信号幅值大小的关系。介绍了电感式微流控检测芯片的检测原理,理论分析了油样过流速度对检测信号幅值产生的影响并进行了公式推导,然后采用控制变量法对其进行了实验验证。选用粒径在80-85μm之间的铁颗粒作为待测颗粒,将油样的过流速度分别设定为0.02-0.10ml/min进行了实验。结果表明,随着油样过流速度的增加,信号幅值逐渐减小,且呈线性关系;在其余因素不变,仅改变油样的过流速度时,检测信号的幅值最大可增大87.5%。研究表明,实验结果与理论推导结论相符,通过减小油样的过流速度可增大检测信号的幅值。该项研究对提高平面电感式微流控检测芯片的精度具有参考价值。     

基于气-液相变的等压压缩空气储能方法研究

风能和太阳能等可再生能源具有间歇性和不稳定性的特点,不能大规模接入电网。压缩空气储能作为大规模储能技术可以调节电网负荷,削峰填谷,解决上述问题。目前压缩空气储能系统的压缩空气都是在体积恒定的容器中储存,压缩空气在释放时经过减压阀节流减压至预定的较低压力,浪费了大量的有用能,导致系统效率低,压缩空气利用率低。等压压缩空气储能通过保持压缩空气在储存和释放时压力的恒定,解决系统效率低的问题。基于质量守恒和能量守恒定律,建立压缩空气的热力学模型,采用基于气-液相变的等压方法,系统效率提高了12.18%。     

工程机械的低温启动

柴油机能否顺利启动,关键在于喷入气缸的柴油能否与被压缩的空气迅速形成可燃混合气并及时着火燃烧,因此,要求进入气缸的空气被压缩后有较高的温度和压力。启动的基本条件：要有足够的启动转速,启动转速高气体渗漏少,压缩空气向气缸壁传热的时间短、热量损失少,可以提高压缩终了时空气的温度和压力;气缸密封性要好,启动时气体渗漏少,     

基于开式蓄能器概念的压缩空气储能系统

正1闭式蓄能器与开式蓄能器在液压系统中常用的蓄能器为闭式蓄能器,其压缩空气腔是封闭的,腔室的容积随气压高低而改变。在图1中,蓄能器内空气由容积V1压缩到V2,压力由p1(通常为1个大气压)升高到p2,则蓄能器内压缩空气的压缩能为AFEBGA面积,在常用闭式蓄能器排油终止时的压力p3p1,即蓄能器内压缩空气释放的压缩能仅为FEBG面积,尚有AFG面积的能量没有得     

术语之窗

透平压缩机——离心压缩机与轴流压缩机的总称。其出口压力 p(表压 ) >0 .2 MPa;或其压比ε>3的风机。离心压缩机——在轴向剖面上 ,在叶轮中气流沿着半径方向流动的透平压缩机。轴流压缩机——在轴向剖面上 ,气流在旋转叶片的流道中沿着轴线方向流动的透平压缩机。混流式——气流沿轴向进入叶轮后 ,近似地沿着锥面流动 ,气流方向介于离心式与轴流式之间。容积式——用改变气体容积的方法压缩及输送气体的机械 ,又可分为回转式、往复式等。回转式——通过转子的回转运动改变工作腔容积 ,来压缩及输送气体 ,又可分为罗茨、叶氏、螺杆、滑片…     

利用拉伐尔管技术提高气体轴承实验台主轴转速

为了提高气体动静压径向轴承实验台主轴转速.根据气体动力学理论,建立了气体在喷管中流动的基本微分方程组,并分析了在不同音速下的截面变化规律.以马赫数为主要设计参数,建立了拉伐尔管内部曲线方程,并利用VB6.0对其内部曲线和压力进行了辅助设计,仿真结果显示当拉伐尔管中喉部压强为0.21MPa时,从拉伐尔管中喷出的气体流速的马赫数可达1.6.把实际加工的拉伐尔管应用到气体轴承实验台主轴上,使实验台主轴转速由原来的最高转速3495 r/min提高到5000 r/min左右.     

转速对转套式配流系统空化的影响

转套式配流系统的转速会影响空化特性,而空化又会导致转套式配流系统的容积效率下降,产生强烈的振动和噪声,影响系统的正常工作。建立了配流系统的Singhal空化模型,进行了仿真和试验研究。结果表明:转套式配流系统的最大气体体积分数随转速的增加而单调增加,且配流口处增长缓慢,泵腔内增加较大;空化占比随转速的增加也不断增加,配流口处的空化占比基本在20%以下,泵腔内可达到了25%以上,空化时间持续较长;容积效率随转速的增加先增大再减小,容积效率最大处的转速为500 r/min,最大容积效率可达92.13%;试验容积效率略低于仿真结果,最大误差为2%。     

用于压缩空气储能的微米级水雾冷却等温压缩实验研究

压缩空气储能(CAES)是一种大规模储能技术,可以用于调节城市电力供需,缓解用电高峰电力短缺,减少电网容量建设。目前,储能技术逐渐开始应用于城市,当电价下降时,采用电池储存电力,价格上升时,释放电力,利用峰谷电价差实现盈利。与电池相比,CAES容量大(100 MWh,电池小于10 MWh)、环保(无重金属污染),使用寿命长。但由于储能效率过低,通过电价差盈利空间小,投资回收期长是限制其商业应用的重要因素之一。目前,多数压缩空气储能系统都基于绝热压缩,大约有一半的电力被转化成了热量并耗散。由于压缩时空气的温度上升,导致压缩功增加,并转化得到更多的热。许多研究聚焦在增强压缩空气的散热来达到等温压缩。本研究提出将微米级(10~100 μm)水雾喷入压缩空气与之混合,吸收压缩热,降低压缩空气温度,以实现等温。通过实验对压缩空气压力,体积和温度的变化特性进行了分析。对于总体积为0.94 L的压缩腔,当压缩比为2时,水雾冷却后,压缩功从177.9 J/循环(绝热)下降到121.2 J/循环,且效率达到88.7%(绝热61.6%)。     

带密度修正和缓冲腔的液位检测系统设计

针对易燃易爆液体高压密封容器的特殊检测,基于光纤光栅(FBG)压力传感器原理设计了一种带液位缓冲腔和密度修正的液位检测系统;提出了克服液面波动的高精度检测方法.实验结果表明:笔者的检测系统和方法,不仅可将液位测量转化为对密封容器底部压强的测量,还可有效地降低外界因素对测量结果的影响.通过检测结果对比分析,修正前后的理论...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.