基于Halcon的工业机器人手眼标定方法研究

机器人手眼标定是机器人视觉技术的重要研究内容,基于Halcon所提供的标定板,充分考虑相机镜头径向畸变对手眼标定的影响,设计一种全新的、高精度、高效率的Eye-in-Hand手眼标定方法,该方法在标定了相机内外参数的同时也建立了相机图像坐标系与机器人基坐标系之间的相互转换关系,并通过实验进行了验证,其平移误差在1mm,旋转误差在1。以内。实验结果表明该方法具有较高的标定效率与较高的标定精度,可广泛应用于工业机器人视觉系统手眼标定中。     

机器人柔性坐标测量系统现场校准技术研究

机器人柔性坐标测量系统能够实现大型工件尺寸在线快速测量,是自动化生产线的关键质量监控设备.现场校准技术是柔性坐标测量系统的关键技术之一,校准精度直接影响系统测量精度.现场精确建立机器人末端工具坐标系与视觉传感器坐标系形成的手眼关系、机器人运动学模型参数以及机器人基坐标系是现场校准的主要内容.通过设计中间靶标,利用激光跟踪仪直接测量的方法建立手眼关系,其转换精度不受机器人运动学误差影响;设立校准球体,实现基于距离不变模型的连杆参数现场快速校准;根据机器人正向运动学模型和激光跟踪仪的测量,利用基于奇异值分解的配准方法求解转换矩阵,高精度地建立机器人基坐标系.经过激光跟踪仪一次校准后,测量系统可利用基准球体实现机器人快速在线校准,减小模型参数变化对测量系统精度的影响.试验证明,校准后的测量系统整体误差低于0.2 mm.     

工业坐标测量机器人定位误差补偿技术

由通用工业机器人和视觉传感器组成的柔性坐标测量系统是视觉检测技术在工业在线测量领域的重要应用。工业机器人的机械结构和控制过程复杂,因此其定位误差成为影响系统测量精度的最主要因素,但可以通过修正连杆参数的方式加以补偿。以MD-H运动学模型为基础,建立机器人工具中心点(Tool center point,TCP)的基于相对定位精度的定位误差补偿模型,避免坐标在不同坐标系转换过程中产生精度损失。对与机器人测量姿态有关的柔度误差进行针对性补偿,通过建立柔性关节的弹性扭簧模型,将柔度误差分解为外加负载柔度误差和机械臂自重柔度误差分别进行补偿。标定过程中使用激光跟踪仪作为外部高精度测量设备,只需在单点测量模式下就能实现对TCP的三维坐标采集,大大简化数据采集过程。经过补偿后,标定点处的方均根误差由之前的1.230 2 mm降至0.428 8 mm,验证点处的则由0.723 6 mm降至0.505 4 mm。     

面向机器人砂带打磨的加权手眼标定算法

由于砂带打磨工序中往往存在外部因素干扰,因此研究抗干扰能力强的手眼标定算法是机器人砂带打磨系统的关键问题之一。通过分析机器人打磨系统中的手眼标定数学模型,并利用带尖点的标定工具快速获取测量数据,在原有奇异值分解算法的基础上,提出基于加权的改进方案,在初次计算手眼关系后计算出各个测量数据的误差,并根据测量数据误差的大小重新分配其对应的权重,最后重新计算手眼关系。通过仿真测试可知,改进后的算法较原有算法对测量数据的误差敏感度降低,标定精度稳定性好。通过试验验证可知,改进后的算法较原有算法平均标定误差比SVD算法减少了45.9%,最大误差减少了24.4%,从而验证了改进算法的抗干扰性能,并通过实际打磨测试证实了改进算法更适用于机器人打磨系统手眼标定。     

通用机器人视觉检测系统的全局校准技术

介绍了基于通用机器人的车身在线柔性视觉检测系统的工作原理和在复杂现场环境下使用激光跟踪仪和测量臂进行全局校准的实用方法。基于测量姿态的全局校准方法利用机械约束将传感器坐标系和靶标坐标系统一起来,实现测量姿态时传感器坐标系与系统基准坐标系的坐标转换。基于机器人运动学模型的全局校准方法利用机器人末端关节位姿可通过正向运动学获知的特点,在现场构建机器人基坐标系,并通过坐标变换获得与机器人运动精度无关的手眼关系,实现了任意姿态时的全局校准。实际测量的结果表明,应用两种校准方法后系统的重复性精度都十分理想,测量装置重复测量标准差和系统重复测量标准差分别为0.07mm和0.13mm,能够满足在线监控白车身加工尺寸变化的精度要求;系统进行坐标测量时的误差分别为±0.2mm和±0.8mm。     

一种结合 TCP 标定的深度相机手眼标定方法

手眼标定是机器人实现视觉引导下精准作业中的关键技术。传统手眼标定和机器人工具中心点(TCP)标定分开进行,存在较大累积误差,同时针对深度相机的手眼标定存在精度不足的缺点。本文提出了一种结合TCP标定过程同步标定深度相机手眼关系的新方法。方法基于深度相机观测和TCP标定相同的标定平面,相机坐标系下标定平面方程和机械臂坐标系下标定平面方程为对应关系,通过平面方程之间的变换来计算手眼关系。本文方法减少了TCP和手眼关系独立标定累积误差影响,节约标定时间和标定件成本。仿真和实测结果表明,本文方法提高了深度相机手眼标定精度,标定后实测位置误差平均为0.2 mm,为机器人视觉控制系统高精度作业所需标定提供了一种新的思路。     

基于二阶锥规划无标定参照物的手眼标定

为了克服传统机器人手眼标定方法求解手眼关系及机器人坐标系与世界坐标系方位关系对标定参照物的依赖,提出一种基于二阶锥规划的无标定参照物手眼标定改进方法,并搭建相关实验系统进行验证。首先,利用运动恢复结构算法解算定义在一个尺度因子基础上的相机运动矩阵;然后,引入对偶四元数理论参数化标定方程中的旋转矩阵和平移向量;最后,通过二阶锥规划方法同时求解相机运动矩阵尺度因子、手眼关系及机器人坐标系与世界坐标系方位关系的最优解。仿真和实测结果表明,在没有标定参照物作为测量基准的情况下,标定结果中旋转参数相对误差为3.998%,平移参数相对误差为0.117%。与其他标定方法相比,该方法提高了无标定参照物模式下机器人手眼标定精度,扩展了手眼标定方法的应用范围。     

工业机器人单目视觉对准技术研究

针对工业机器人精确对准问题,提出了一种基于单目视觉的工业机器人对准技术。该技术把工业机器人与单目视觉测量技术相结合,根据特制的手眼标定板,快速建立单目视觉测量系统与机器人上对准轴之间的手眼关系和对准的基准位姿;在对准环节,通过单目视觉系统获取工件目标的姿态,然后根据已有的手眼关系和基准位姿,求解在机器人基坐标系下机器人末端的对准轴的位置调整量,迭代调整机器人末端位姿,从而实现了机械人末端的对准轴与工件目标的精确对准。实验结果表明:在测量距离约是150mm处,对准平均精度优于0.2°。     

基于单目视觉的移动机械臂抓取作业方法研究

针对移动机械臂自主抓取作业过程中目标识别慢、作业精度低的问题,对基于单目视觉的目标识别与定位算法以及机器人作业精度提高方法展开了研究。以全向移动平台、工业机器人和单目相机等硬件为基础构建了一套移动机械臂抓取作业系统;对单目视觉模板匹配法进行了归纳,采用基于随机树分类的特征点匹配算法对目标进行快速准确地识别与定位;完成了相机内参数标定和机器人手眼位姿标定,分析了手眼位姿与抓取位姿的关系,提出了一种修正手眼位姿的抓取误差补偿方法,减小手眼标定误差对抓取误差的影响,最后进行了移动机械臂的抓取/放置实验。研究结果表明:采用上述方法能够快速准确识别目标,有效减小作业误差,并达到较高的作业精度。     

基于镜面反射的手眼标定方法

针对Eye-on-Hand机器人手眼系统的标定问题,提出一种基于镜面反射的手眼标定方法。通过镜面反射获取图像,根据镜像原理,通过线性求解算法确定机器人末端执行器和相机坐标系的位姿关系。与以往的标定方法不同,该方法只需要3次改变平面镜的姿态,就能同时获得相机的内参数和手眼视觉系统的位姿关系,不会引入传统标定方法中利用机器人运动参数而产生的机器人运动误差。最后将其与Halcon手眼标定算法进行对比,验证了所提方法的正确性和可行性。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.