Use of TLD and MTLD for control of wind-induced vibration of tall buildings

Excessive acceleration experienced at the top floors in a building during wind storms affect the serviceability of the building with respect to occupant comfort and discomfort. Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and multiple tuned liquid damper (MTLD), which are passive control devices consisting of a rigid tank filled with liquid, are used to suppress vibration of structures. These TLD and MTLD offer several potential advantages — low costs, easy installation in existing structures and effectiveness even for small-amplitude vibrations. This study carries out a theoretical estimation of the most effective damping ratios that can be achieved by TLD and MTLD. Damping by TLD an MTLD reduced the frequency response of high-rise buildings by approximately 40% in urban and suburban areas.     

The vibration performance experiment of Tuned Liquid damper and Tuned Liquid Column damper

Tuned Liquid damper and Tuned Liquid Column are kind of passive mechanical damper which relies on the sloshing of liquid in a rigid tank for suppressing structural vibrations. TLD and TLCD are attributable to several potential advantages —low costs; easy to install in existing structures; effective even for small-amplitude vibrations. In this paper, the shaking table experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of water sloshing motion in TLD (rectangular, circular) and TLCD. The parameter obtained from the experiments were wave height, base shear force and energy dissipation. The shaking table experiments show that the liquid sloshing relies on amplitude of shaking table and frequency of tank. The TLCD was more effective control vibration than TLD.     

基于磁流变阻尼器的转子系统振动PID控制研究

针对大型旋转机械通过临界转速时振动过大的问题,搭建了转子实验台,在不改变转子轴系原有支撑形式的基础上,将磁流变阻尼器作为辅助机构安装在转子上,通过实验研究了阻尼器对转子振动的影响规律。提出了一种PID控制策略,设计了转子振动主动控制系统,以振动幅值为反馈参数,实时调节阻尼器电流,在线抑制转子振动。研究结果表明,该阻尼器可以有效抑制转子临界转速附近的振动,降幅可达90%;通过采用PID控制策略,可根据转子振动变化在线改变控制电流,使转子振动稳定在目标值附近,实现了转子系统开机加速过程振动的自动调控。     

Finite element based model predictive control for active vibration suppression of a one-link flexible manipulator

This paper presents a unique approach for active vibration control of a one-link flexible manipulator. The method combines a finite element model of the manipulator and an advanced model predictive controller to suppress vibration at its tip. This hybrid methodology improves significantly over the standard application of a predictive controller for vibration control. The finite element model used in place of standard modelling in the control algorithm provides a more accurate prediction of dynamic behavior, resulting in enhanced control. Closed loop control experiments were performed using the flexible manipulator, instrumented with strain gauges and piezoelectric actuators. In all instances, experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the finite element based predictive controller provides improved active vibration suppression in comparison with using a standard predictive control strategy.     

风洞模型主动抑振器的设计与实验

研究了风洞模型主动振动的抑制原理,并结合叠堆式压电陶瓷作动器的压电效应设计了一套并联式主动抑振器。首先,针对模型支杆系统及其动力学特征,分析了支杆抑振原理,提出了一种基于叠堆式压电陶瓷作动器的风洞模型抑振器。然后,构建了抑振器实时控制系统,针对其驱动位移滞后的特点,研究了基于PD调节器的控制方法。最后,搭建了地面实验平台,利用锤击法和激振法对抑振器进行了地面实验。实验结果表明:抑振器具有提高支杆系统阻尼的能力,对风洞模型在俯仰和偏航两个方向上的抑振效果明显,特别是俯仰方向上,抑制器工作后系统阻尼比可由0.009提高到0.092,抑振后剩余振幅比例约为25%。试验结果验证了该风洞模型主动抑振器的可行性与有效性。     

Semiactive nonlinear control of a building with a magnetorheological damper system

This paper proposes a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based systematic design methodology for nonlinear control of building structures equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. This approach considers stability performance as well as transient characteristics in a unified framework. First, multiple Lyapunov-based controllers are designed via LMIs such that global asymptotical stability of the building structure is guaranteed and the performance on transient responses is also satisfied. Such Lyapunov-based state feedback controllers are converted into output feedback regulators using a set of Kalman estimators. Then, these Lyapunov-based controllers and Kalman observers are integrated into a global nonlinear control system via fuzzy logic. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a three-story building structure employing an MR damper is studied. The performance of the nonlinear control system is compared with that of a traditional linear optimal controller, i.e., H₂/linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG), while the uncontrolled system response is used as the baseline. It is demonstrated from comparison of the uncontrolled and semiactive controlled responses that the proposed nonlinear control system design framework is effective in reducing the vibration of a seismically excited building structure equipped with an MR damper. Furthermore, the newly developed controller is more effective in mitigating responses of the structure than the H₂/LQG controller.     

Modelling of viscoelastic damper support for reduction in low frequency residual vibration in machine tools

Residual vibrations deteriorate the accuracy and productivity of precision machine tools. Rocking vibration is excited by feed motion. Rocking vibration is the mode in which the entire machine vibrates and is the main source of residual vibrations at low frequencies. The characteristics of rocking vibration are influenced by the characteristics of the machine support structure. Thus, it is necessary to increase the damping of the machine support structure to reduce the residual vibrations caused by rocking vibration. In addition, it is important for machine tools to be stiff to reduce vibrations caused by the acceleration of feed drives. Conventional passive damper supports decrease the stiffness of a machine support structure while increasing the damping. Consequently, a passive viscoelastic damper system is developed to increase support damping without decreasing stiffness by focusing on the horizontal component of rocking vibration. However, the proposed damper damping capacity has a magnitude dependency. This makes it difficult to quantitatively determine the damper area in machine tools to reduce rocking vibrations to the required level. In this study, the developed damper is modeled using a viscoelastic four element model. Because of the nonlinearity of the model, an iterative time domain calculation method is introduced for the simulation. This method enables us to quantitatively estimate the effect of the damper on the machine tool. Based on the model proposed in this study, the proposed damper system can be applied to various machine tools to reduce the residual vibration without adjusting the damper area on the machine tool by a trial and error method.     

半主动TMD控制双跨轴系过临界振动的研究

针对多轴串联机械通过临界转速时振动过大的问题,对调谐质量阻尼器在双跨轴系振动控制中的应用进行了研究。并基于转子结构,设计了具有对称结构的笼式半主动调谐质量阻尼器用于控制轴系振动;搭建了双跨转子实验台,在不改变转子轴系原有支撑形式上,在两根轴上分别安装了调谐质量阻尼器,对调谐质量阻尼器对轴系各跨转子振动的影响规律进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,不可控调谐质量阻尼器可以有效抑制安装所在轴临界转速附近的振动,对相邻轴影响较小,但会引起新共振峰。根据此实验结果通过开关控制策略实现调谐质量阻尼器半主动控制,说明半主动调谐质量阻尼器可以在不停机的情况下,抑制转子轴系通过各阶临界转速时的振动,避免失谐。     

Active vibration control based on modal controller considering structure-actuator interaction

Active vibration control to suppress structural vibration of the flexible structure is investigated based on a new control strategy considering structure-actuator interaction. The experimental system consists of a clamped-free rectangular plate, a controller based on modal control switching, and a magnetostrictive actuator utilized for suppressing the vibrations induced by external excitation. For the flexible structure, its deformation caused by the external actuator will affect the active control effect. Thus interaction between structure and actuator is considered, and the interaction model based on magnetomechanical coupling is incorporated into the control system. Vibration reduction strategy has been performed resorting to the actuator in optimal position to suppress the specified modes using LQR (linear quadratic regulator) based on modal control switching. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Considering structure-actuator interaction (SAI) is a key procedure in controller design especially for flexible structures.     

Modeling and testing of a field-controllable magnetorheological fluid damper

In this study, an experimental and a theoretical study were carried out to predict the dynamic performance of a linear magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper. After having designed and fabricated the MR damper, its dynamic testing was performed on a mechanical type shock machine under sinusoidal excitation. A theoretical flow analysis was done based on the Bingham plastic constitutive model to predict the behavior of the prototyped MR damper. The theoretical results were then validated by comparing them against experimental data, and it was shown that the flow model can accurately capture the dynamic force range of the MR damper. In addition to the flow model, a modified parametric algebraic model was proposed to capture the hysteretic behavior of the MR damper. The superiority of the proposed modified model was shown by comparing it with the Alg model as well as with a widely adopted modified Bouc-Wen model through an error analysis. It is observed that although all the three models are comparable at the excitation velocities of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 m/s, the mAlg model is remarkably successful at the highest excitation velocity of 0.2 m/s over the other two. The improvements in the predictions were found to be over 50%, relative to unmodified model especially at lower current inputs. Therefore, it was concluded that the present flow model can be successfully adopted to design and predict the dynamic behavior of MR dampers, while the mAlg model can be used to develop more effective control algorithms for such devices.     

等质量变刚度多层建筑剪切振动的摄动解

多层建筑振动时,沿竖向的变形以剪切为主.对于层数很多且又不分阶的建筑物,各层质量相差不大,而其刚度每层往往不同,因此可将多层建筑作为等质量变刚度的多层建筑.只考虑等质量变刚度的多层建筑剪切变形,由弹性振动理论得到其剪切固有振动微分方程,采用改进的摄动法研究多层建筑剪切固有振动.对求解变系数二阶齐次微分方程的摄动法进行改进,求得等质量变刚度多层建筑剪切固有振动的振型函数,得到确定等质量变刚度多层建筑剪切固有振动频率的特征方程.将分析结果与其他文献分析结果进行对比,算例表明改进摄动法不但计算过程简便,而且计算精度与Bessel函数法的计算精度非常接近.     

基于AR模型-分形维的磁流变减振器性能研究

建立了磁流变减振器的动力学方程,利用与其同阶的时间序列AR模型的对应关系,推导出基于时间序列的动态特性参数计算公式,在不同工况下振动实验检测获得时间序列,计算了动态特性参数、时间序列分形盒维数和系统特征根实部,以及这些参数间的相关系数,拟合了动态特性参数、分形盒维数、工况参数三者相互间的关系曲线,分析了磁流变减振器性能变化。分析结果表明,AR(2)模型对减振器振动信号有较高的模拟精度,基于时间序列AR模型的动态特性参数求解方法便捷有效;时间序列盒维数与动态特性参数间存在高度相关,可作为量化衡量系统振动平稳性和响应快速性综合动态特性的参数,可配合特征根选取磁流变减振器的最佳工况。     

电流变液减振器在抑制深孔切削颤振上的研究

针对深孔机床切削中的颤振问题,设计了一套基于流动模式的电流变液减振器,分析了电流变液减振器的阻尼力并得出其表达式;又通过对切削颤振产生原因的分析,推导出瞬时动态钻削力的表达式;并在研究了深孔机床切削过程的基础上,建立了切削系统动力学模型,得出安装电流变液减振器后的动力学方程。在给定动力学方程中的参数值后,通过计算机仿真,对比安装和未安装电流变液减振器后的振动时域图,时域图表明电流变液减振器能有效地抑制深孔机床的切削颤振。     

被动式电磁阻尼器对转子振动进行控制的机理探讨和实验研究

设计了一种新型的被动式电磁阻尼器，其采用直流稳压电源供电，无需控制。本文对该阻尼器用于转子振动控制的机理进行了探讨，实验研究了该阻尼器的减振、增稳效果。结果表明，该阻尼器减振效果明显，结构简单，性能可靠，成本低，有推广应用价值。     

Nonstationary random analysis of structures with hybrid mass damper system

The building structure is modeled as a linear single-degree-of-freedom system, and an active mass damper (AMD) is also adopted as the control device in order to reduce the structural response due to the external random load. In addition, suppose that the input acceleration of earthquake can be modeled as the product of nonstationary envelope function and narrow-band stationary random process with Kanai-Tajimi spectrum. In order to obtain the nonstationary stochastic response of control system due to the narrow-band nonstationary random process, in consideration of exchanging the active control mode for the passive one, considerable efforts are generally required in the analytical formulation. This paper, therefore, proposes an analytical technique to acquire the response covariance matrix by utilizing the state transition matrix method in state space. The proposed technique is evaluated by comparing the analytical results with those from numerical simulations.     

Fast drive of displacement magnification mechanism with flexure hinge using loading type impact damper

A displacement magnification mechanism which uses flexure motion guide using elastic hinges can realize smooth frictionless motion but has poor vibration damping capability. An impact damper is a damping mechanism which uses collision energy to dissipate vibration energy. If the damper is used for vibration control of the flexure mechanism, it may be able to dissipate unexpected vibration without killing the merits of the flexure mechanism. In the paper, a loading type impact damper is applied to settle down transient vibration of a displacement magnification mechanism. We investigate differences of damping effect by setting conditions of the damper. It is shown that the impact damper can eliminate residual vibration at step response effectively without steady state error. The experimental displacement magnification mechanism with impact damper can settle down less than 1/5 of the response without the damper under appropriate setting conditions. Influence of natural frequency ratio between damper and displacement magnification mechanism is investigated. Influences of indentation at impact point are also examined.     

活塞式磁性液体减振器的阻尼分析和实验研究

根据磁性液体的磁粘特性,当磁性液体周围施加垂直于其涡旋矢量方向的磁场时,磁性液体的粘度增加,利用磁性液体作为减振器的阻尼液,通过改变磁场可以调节振动系统的阻尼比,从而达到减振的目的。根据这一特性,提出一种活塞式磁性液体减振器。根据磁性液体的流动方程和连续性方程,建立了减振器中磁性液体的动力学模型,并得到减振器阻尼力与振动速度之间的表达式以及减振系统的阻尼比。设计实验,将磁性液体减振器安装在悬臂梁自由端,利用线圈对减振器施加均匀磁场,研究不同线圈电流时磁性液体减振器对梁振动阻尼比的影响。实验表明,在所假设的条件下,实验结果与理论结果的一致性较好。同时得出,在一定范围内,活塞式磁性液体减振器的阻尼效果随着线圈电流的增大而增大。     

TLCD基础隔震框架结构的减振控制研究

为了避免和减轻由过大隔震层位移引起的损害,对基础隔震框架结构装设调频液柱阻尼器(tuned liquid column damper,简称TLCD)后混合系统的减振效果进行研究。建立了单层和多层混合控制系统在地震作用下的运动方程,采用TLCD-结构体系转化为调频质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,简称TMD)-结构体系的等效方法,利用TMD参数优化公式,得到单个TLCD初始设计参数,并采用状态空间方程得到多个TLCD最优设计参数。通过对某8层基础隔震结构进行模拟,证明了该理论设计方法的合理性。该混合结构不仅可以减小隔震层位移和加速度,而且对上部结构位移和加速度反应都能更有效的控制。     

Design sensitivity analysis of a Stockbridge damper to control resonant frequencies

A Stockbridge damper system can control the aeolian vibrations in a transmission line by dissipating excitation energy through the self-excitation of the damper system. Therefore, locating these resonant frequencies is a critical design consideration for a Stockbridge damper to determine the efficiency of spectral energy dissipation. In this study, the design strategy of a damper was investigated after conducting a design sensitivity analysis of the resonant frequency of a Stockbridge damper that considered several design parameters, including length of the messenger wire, inertia of the counterweight, and gyration radius of the counterweight. The formulation of the design sensitivity analysis was performed using partial derivatives of the eigenvalues with respect to each design parameter over two resonant frequencies. The sensitivity formulations were validated through a case study of eigenvalues that considered a variation of up to ±30 % in the values of the design parameters. The design guidelines for a Stockbridge damper were derived from the sensitivity analysis results.     

Design and control of a new linear magnetic actuator for squeeze film damper

A new model of a linear magnetic actuator (LMA) that can be applied to the controllable squeeze film damper (CSFD) was proposed, designed, and fabricated. To validate the operation of the proposed actuator, a mathematical model of the proposed LMA was derived through experiments. From the experimental results it was verified that the electromagnetic force depends upon the position of the mover (the outer damper ring of the CSFD) and the applied current. Also, the electromagnetic force varies symmetrically with the position of the mover within the working region. A self-tuning fuzzy PID controller was applied to control the position of the novel LMA. Further, the proposed LMA was assembled in the squeeze film damper (SFD), where the clearance can be controlled by LMA. To investigate the damping effect of the damper under various clearances by controlling the LMA, experiments on the rotor test-rig were conducted. From the experimental results, the proposed device, which is composed of SFD and LMA, was verified to be very effective for attenuation of the vibration of the rotor system. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dong Hwan Kim Kyoung Kwan Ahn received the B.S. degree in the department of Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1990, the M. Sc. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1992 and the Ph.D. degree with the title “A study on the automation of out-door tasks using 2 link electro-hydraulic manipulator” from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1999. He is currently a Professor in the School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea. His research interests are design and control of smart actuator using smart material, fluid power control and active damping control. He is a Member of IEEE, ASME, SICE, RSJ, JSME, KSME, KSPE, KSAE, KFPS, and JFPS. Truong Quoc Thanh received the B.S degree in the department of Mechanical Engineering from Hochiminh City University of Technology in 1998, and the M.Sc. degree with title “Dynamic stiffness method in calculation vibration of structure” from the master program of mechanics under Inter-University Cooperation Program between Liege University (Belgium) and HCMUT (Vietnam) in 2000. From 2000 to 2004, he worked as a lecturer in the mechanical department of Hochiminh City University of Technology. His teaching subjects are relevant in Advanced Manufacturing Methods, Measuring Technique and Manufacturing Technique. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Ulsan. His research interests focus on designing and manufacturing of new actuators, vibration control theory and application theories.