某电动轿车车身结构优化与NVH性能提升

以某电动轿车车身与底盘间主要接附点为激励源,以驾驶员的右耳为响应点,利用装备车身有限元模型和装备车身乘员舱声学空腔有限元模型建立整车声固耦合有限元模型。对整车声固耦合有限元模型进行噪声传递函数分析,结合装备车身模态分析,分析出对噪声传递贡献量比较大的车身部件,并对这些车身部件进行优化,优化后车内声压值有了明显降低,从而达到了提高车身噪声、振动与声振粗糙度(Noise Vibration Harshness,NVH)性能的目的。     

基于逆子结构传递路径分析方法的汽车车内噪声整改

逆子结构传递路径分析方法可以重复利用部分数据,此特点在需要重复进行振动噪声传递路径查找的场合可以有效减少工作量。基于此方法对一款车内噪声超过标杆车的开发样车进行了两次振动噪声传递路径分析,然后对动力总成悬置进行了相应的整改,使车内噪声达到标杆车水平。     

装载机动力传动系噪声机理分析

对于轮式装载机来说，其噪声包括辐射噪声和驾驶室内噪声两部分。辐射噪声的构成比较复杂，主要来源于发动机排气噪声和冷却风扇的运转噪声以及发动机振动所产生的车身结构噪声；装载机的驾驶室内噪声主要是低频声，它是由发动机和动力总成的振动所引发的结构噪声。与低频结构噪声相关的部件有动力总成系统、传动系统、车身系统等。     

基于传递路径试验分析的车用风机噪声优化

针对某国产车型怠速开空调时轴流风机工作引起车内噪声偏大的问题,建立了传递路径分析模型,研究了风机振动传递率试验及分析方法。为保证传递函数的精度,采用矩阵求逆法获取车身端连接点的耦合激励力。结果表明,上横梁风机总成左安装点y向对车内噪声的贡献量最大。风机总成模态频率与激励力频率重合产生共振,通过优化风机总成隔振垫动刚度的方法,将激励力频率与风机总成的模态频率避开,较好地解决了该车内噪声问题。该传递路径研究为车用风机噪声控制提供了思路和依据。     

动力总成悬置系统模态分析软件开发

动力总成悬置系统是车辆的关键部件,具有降低激励在动力总成和车身之间传递的作用.主要介绍了适用于任意布置动力总成悬置系统的六自由度系统模型建立过程及模态分析方法,推导了相关计算公式,开发了基于MATLAB的计算软件,为动力总成悬置系统特性的设计和分析提供了实用工具.     

基于车身接附点动力总成载荷的车内噪声优化

为优化国内某型SUV基于动力总成载荷的噪声问题,建立了内饰车身的有限元模型。动力总成悬置与车身及副车架有四个接附点,通过试验的手段进行加速工况下的动力总成载荷识别,为CAE仿真计算提供载荷输入,通过逆矩阵计算及PCA分解等得出基于车身接附点动力总成激励载荷。将该激励施加到仿真模型悬置四个安装点对应几何中心进行强迫响应分析,通过对比仿真与实测数据验证CAE模型的有效性。并进一步进行了基于动力总成载荷激励的车身结构对车内噪声灵敏度分析,依据分析结果,给出了调整集水槽和前围板的优化方案包。通过优化,车内噪声对应各主要问题转速段均有明显改善。     

基于传递路径的整车底板振动优化方法

针对搭载软连接副车架车型在加速时产生的底板振动开展研究。首先，通过整车试验定位引起该问题的激励源；其次，基于扩展工况传递路径分析方法对动力总成与底板间的各条路径对振动的贡献量进行分析，并结合模态试验结果，识别出引起振动的主要路径和关键部件；然后，建立包含动力总成和副车架的12自由度模型，仿真得到单位激励条件下关键路径衬套的支反力；最后，以降低支反力为目标对副车架与车身连接衬套的刚度进行优化设计，并进行了整车试验验证。结果表明：动力总成激励与副车架刚体模态耦合引起了副车架共振及底板振动，副车架与车身连接的两个后衬套是振动传递的关键路径，优化后实车底板振动峰值下降超过30%。     

动力总成悬置隔振性能与车内噪声相干性分析

为研究动力总成悬置振动对车内噪声的影响,以某国产轿车为研究对象,在怠速工况下对动力总成悬置振动和车内噪声进行测试.基于相干性理论,对动力总成悬置振动频谱图和车内驾驶员右耳位置噪声频谱图比较分析,找出影响车内噪声的悬置及其对车内噪声影响较大的传递方向.结果表明,动力总成悬置隔振性能与车内噪声相干性很好,尤其是左侧悬置Z方向的振动对车内噪声的影响最大.     

基于模态分析法的车身NVH结构灵敏度分析

以某SUV车为例,建立了车身及乘客室声腔的有限元模型。采用模态分析法,根据轿车车身结构和乘客室的声固耦合效应,通过模态分析得到车身结构和室内声腔的各阶耦合振动模式,通过声压响应分析得到车内噪声级别,通过结构灵敏度分析识别出车内噪声的主要来源。针对噪声源提出的改进措施有效降低了车内噪声。     

汽车动力总成悬置系统的优化研究

发动机振动向车身的传递程度对车辆舒适性的影响很大,针对某型汽车存在的发动机振动向车身传递偏大的问题,将能量解耦法应用在动力总成悬置系统优化领域。建立了该汽车动力总成悬置系统的动力学模型并推导出运动微分方程,开发出基于MATLAB的动力总成悬置系统优化平台。分别运用该软件平台和ADAMS软件对动力总成悬置系统进行建模和优化,通过对比分析得到的优化结果,证明使用基于MATLAB开发的软件平台对动力总成悬置系统进行优化是可行的。     

Transfer characteristics of vehicle air conditioners’ booming noise

Vehicle air conditioners generate a booming noise when pressure pulsation in the compressor is generated and transmitted to vehicle interiors through the attached pipes and chassis, which constitute a typical noise transfer path between the compressor and the interior. In this study, the transfer path analysis and operational deflection shape methods were employed for analyzing the characteristics of noise transfer paths, and acoustic intensity was measured through empirical experiments for analyzing the characteristics of the response system. The rigid body mode of the double pipe influences the dynamic behaviors of the liquid pipe, which is the major noise contribution path. The force exerted on the liquid pipe generates not only structure-borne noise but also air-borne noise in a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system. An experiment was carried out to reduce such noise by distributing the high noise contribution to the low one. Through this experiment, we propose a path coupling method for noise reduction that modifies the contribution of each transfer path from the source to the receiver.     

Interior noise analysis of a construction equipment cabin based on airborne and structure-borne noise predictions

Noise from construction equipment affects not only surrounding residents, but also the operators of the machines. Noise that affects drivers must be evaluated during the preliminary design stage. This paper suggests an interior noise analysis procedure for construction equipment cabins. The analysis procedure, which can be used in the preliminary design stage, was investigated for airborne and structure-borne noise. The total interior noise of a cabin was predicted from the airborne noise analysis and structure-borne noise analysis. The analysis procedure consists of four steps: modeling, vibration analysis, acoustic analysis and total interior noise analysis. A mesh model of a cabin for numerical analysis was made at the modeling step. At the vibration analysis step, the mesh model was verified and modal analysis and frequency response analysis are performed. At the acoustic analysis step, the vibration results from the vibration analysis step were used as initial values for radiated noise analysis and noise reduction analysis. Finally, the total cabin interior noise was predicted using the acoustic results from the acoustic analysis step. Each step was applied to a cabin of a middle-sized excavator and verified by comparison with measured data. The cabin interior noise of a middle-sized wheel loader and a large-sized forklift were predicted using the analysis procedure of the four steps and were compared with measured data. The interior noise analysis procedure of construction equipment cabins is expected to be used during the preliminary design stage.     

基于Sobol’法的车身噪声传递函数全局灵敏度分析

针对局部灵敏度分析方法不能考虑参数的概率分布、不能适用参数大范围变化及分析各参数之间交互作用等局限,将Sobol’全局灵敏度分析法引入到汽车噪声传递函数的灵敏度分析中。Sobol’法将函数f(x)分解成2n项递增项之和,通过采样计算模型响应的总方差及各偏方差,以求得灵敏度,从而有效避免了局部灵敏度分析方法的缺陷。以某型轿车为例,在建立声固耦合有限元模型的基础上,计算出从悬置点到驾驶员右耳处的车身噪声传递函数,并运用Sobol’法分析出相关板件厚度的一阶全局灵敏度及总体全局灵敏度值,从而甄别出对驾驶员耳旁声压单独影响较大或交互作用显著的板件,为车身噪声传递函数的优化工作提供指导。应用实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Sound Source Localisation for a High-Speed Train and Its Transfer Path to Interior Noise

Noise is one of the key issues in the operation of high-speed railways, with sound source localisation and its transfer path as the two major aspects. This study investigates both the exterior and interior sound source distribution of a high-speed train and presents a method for performing the contribution analysis of airborne sound with regard to the interior noise. First, both exterior and interior sound source locations of the high-speed train are identified through in-situ measurements. Second, the sound source contribution for di erent regions of the train and the relationships between the exterior and interior noises are analysed. Third, a method for conducting the contribution analysis of airborne sound with regard to the interior noise of the high-speed train is described. Lastly, a case study on the sidewall area is carried out, and the contribution of airborne sound to the interior noise of this area is obtained. The results show that, when the high-speed train runs at 310 km/h, dominant exterior sound sources are located in the bogie and pantograph regions, while main interior sound sources are located at the sidewall and roof. The interior noise, the bogie area noise and the sound source at the middle of the coach exhibit very similar rates of increase with increasing train speed. For the selected sidewall area, structure-borne sound dominates in most of the 1/3 octave bands.     

传动系扭振引起的车内轰鸣声实验

针对前置后驱车低转速车内轰鸣声问题,运用传递路径分析和模态实验方法分析了车内轰鸣声的激振源、传递路径和峰值产生的机理。激振力主要来源于主减速器输入端的扭转交变力矩,扭转交变力矩以轴承支反力的形式作用于后桥上并传递至车内。1 102r/min和1 515r/min两处峰值都是多处共振综合作用的结果,但是产生共振的结构有所不同。提出了多种通过降低扭转交变力矩的方式降低车内噪声的措施并进行了综合评价。对降噪效果较好的部分措施进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该方法取得了较好的降噪效果,噪声降低多达15dB,为解决同类问题提供了新思路。     

Naval-vessel on board equipment base to minimize structure-borne noise

In order to reduce the structure-borne noise of naval-vessel onboard equipment to meet imposed standards, the equipment exciting force should be restricted and additional anti-vibration devices such as resilient mounts and bellows should be applied. Since the structure-borne noise is dependent on the design of the equipment base, the realization of a low-vibration base design is important. In this study, a typical pump base is optimized using Design of experiment (DOE) and Computer-aided engineering (CAE) techniques, in order to minimize the vibration transferred from the equipment base to the floor. In addition, a sandwich panel consisting of a steel plate and rubber material is applied to the pump base between an anti-vibration mount and the base, so as to reduce the vibration transferred from the pump using the double-mounting-system principle. Consequently, the structure-borne noise reduction achieved by applying the proposed base design is verified via experiment.     

应用CAE技术进行汽车乘员室声学分析与优化

近年来,由于具有节省成本和开发时间的优点,采用计算机仿真技术对结构进行振动和噪声分析已经越来越受到工业界的重视。应用有限元法和边界元法相结合的技术对汽车乘员室进行噪声分析可以大大减少计算时间,并能保证计算精度。具体地,计算声压响应时,首先应用有限元法进行车身结构的频率响应分析,然后将计算所得的结构壁板速度响应作为内部声腔的边界条件,采用边界元法计算乘员室内部的声响应。最后对声压峰值处的结构进行壁板贡献度分析,并对贡献度最大的板件进行阻尼处理,有效地降低乘员耳部的声压响应峰值。     

车内怠速噪声分析及动力总成悬置系统试验

通过整车和悬置系统振动噪声试验,确定影响车内怠速噪声的主要频谱成分和悬置系统的减振特性,从而确定了需要优化车身振动传递来降低车内噪声。     

乘用车制动真空泵的整车噪声优化

针对某SUV车型在怠速状态下踩踏制动踏板时,车内噪声过大的问题进行分析。通过主观评价、噪声源定位,以及安装点动刚度测试,确认该问题由制动真空泵的结构振动引起。从提高系统隔振率出发,为制动真空泵增加二级隔振。结合制动真空泵安装点噪声传递函数分析结果,优化制动真空泵安装位置,改善了制动真空泵二阶激励频率处的噪声传递函数结果。实车测试表明,采用改进方案后,车内噪声降低了7.4 dB,制动真空泵引起的车内二阶噪声降低了14 dB。