绕弯成形工艺参数对薄壁管回弹的影响分析

为探究绕弯工艺参数对薄壁管弯曲回弹的影响,通过正交试验设计,应用有限元软件DYNAFORM建立了不同工艺参数下薄壁管绕弯三维模型,模拟了弯曲成形及卸除载荷后的回弹过程,对回弹角度进行了极差分析和方差分析。分析表明:防皱模间隙、镶块间隙、弯模间隙、芯棒前伸量对回弹影响相对较大,各模具与管件的摩擦对回弹影响较小;回弹随防皱模间隙、镶块间隙、芯棒前伸量的增大而减小,随弯模与管件间隙的增大而增大;所有工艺参数对回弹的影响不具有显著性。减小弯模与管件间隙,增大防皱模、镶块、压模与管件间隙及芯棒前伸量将有助于减小薄壁管回弹。     

聚乙烯管韧性破坏寿命预测方法研究

聚乙烯管在静液压作用下有3种失效模式：蠕变韧性破坏、慢速裂纹脆性破坏和材料劣化破坏。提出基于粘弹性应力分析模型的聚乙烯管材蠕变韧性破坏寿命预测方法。在内压作用下,聚乙烯管材的蠕变导致其壁厚不断减薄,环向应力逐渐增大。同时,基于粘弹性应力分析模型得到管材蠕变的应变率逐渐减小,由于聚乙烯的屈服应力具有明显的率相关性,屈服应力也随之逐渐减小。当增加后的环向应力值与管材瞬时屈服应力相等时,聚乙烯管材发生韧性失效,从而得到韧性失效寿命与内压载荷之间的关系。     

薄壁管绕弯工艺参数对壁厚影响分析

为探究薄壁管绕弯加工中各工艺参数对管件壁厚的影响。结合正交试验设计,利用有限元软件DYNAFORM进行了管件绕弯过程仿真,对管件弯曲段外侧和内侧壁厚数据进行了极差分析和方差分析。芯棒伸出量和压模摩擦因素对管件弯曲段外侧减薄率有较大影响,其中芯棒伸出量对减薄率的影响具有显著性;防皱模与管件间隙、压模摩擦因素、压模与管件间隙、芯棒与管件间隙对弯曲段内侧增厚率影响较大,但所有工艺参数对内侧增厚率的影响均不具有显著性。优化参数后的试验表明:减小防皱模、压模、芯棒与管件的间隙及芯棒伸出量,适当增大压模及芯棒与管件的摩擦有助于薄壁管获得更高的壁厚质量。     

内压作用下异径管的应力分析及验证

利用有限元方法分析了内压作用下异径管的应力分布，结果表明：同心异径管大端向外的弯曲应力与薄膜应力叠加后使外壁组合应力下降、内壁组合应力上升，小端连接处直管内外壁均为轴向压应力；内压在非轴对称结构的偏心异径管的偏心侧大端和中部引起的环向应力最大，且偏心侧外壁的环向应力较内壁的环向应力大。实验结果与有限元分析结果一致，但存在一定误差，主要是与工程管件不均匀的力学性能及壁厚有关，因此，将直管的应力理论直接套用到异径管是不恰当的。     

载荷作用下管道漏磁内检测信号定量化研究

管道漏磁内检测技术是国际公认的长输油气管道安全维护的最有效方法。为解决载荷作用下长输油气管道漏磁内检测信号定量化问题,本文基于J-A理论建立了改进的三维磁荷数学模型,分析了管道缺陷在内压作用下的磁力学效应对漏磁信号的影响规律,研究了外部载荷作用下缺陷尺寸对漏磁信号影响规律,并通过系统的实验验证了理论模型的正确性。研究结果表明：管道内压增加,材料磁化强度减小,漏磁信号径向分量和轴向分量呈指数函数下降规律;漏磁信号径向分量峰值和轴向分量极大值随着缺陷深度增加而增加,增长率逐渐降低,特征值分别变化6.5%和14.7%;径向分量峰值增长率随长度增加而逐渐降低,轴向极大值线性减小,特征值分别变化21.0%和36.8%,轴向分量对缺陷深度和长度变化更敏感。     

CFRP薄壁管件耐撞性能的实验研究

利用万能试验机开展三点弯曲和准静态轴向压溃实验研究了CFRP薄壁管腔结构件的耐撞性能，结果表明准静态轴向压溃的比性能率为60~80kJ/kg，破坏形式为花瓣型；而三点弯曲实验说明管件的侧向吸能比较差。管件的轴向与侧向初始载荷峰值与厚度成等比例的增长，轴向和侧向的比吸能率略有提高；偏薄管件在轴向压溃过程中易发生局部屈曲，偏厚管件则趋向于稳定压溃吸能。     

空心变截面构件内高压成形工艺与装备

介绍汽车轻量化的途径及内高压成形技术的应用趋势。阐述管材内高压成形基础理论、工艺模具关键技术以及产业化应用方面的最新进展。在内高压成形基础理论方面,揭示弯曲管内高压成形的环向应力、轴向应力及环向应变、轴向应变和厚向应变的分布规律。阐明内高压整形阶段圆角充填时存在极限圆角半径,并分析液体压力和摩擦条件对极限圆角半径的影响规律。在工艺模具关键技术方面,提出降低成形压力的内凹预制坯方法和大径厚比超薄异型管件内高压成形方法,解决多孔同步液压冲孔模具等关键技术。在工业应用方面,攻克超高压建立、高压水介质传输、超高压与多轴位移闭环实时控制等多项设备关键技术,为国内汽车主机厂及零部件厂研制了多台生产用大型内高压成形机,成功应用于奔腾轿车副车架、扭力梁和SUV车前支梁等汽车零部件的批量制造。     

基于ANSYS技术的铜管空拔过程数值模拟分析

为优化铜管空拔工艺参数和提高工件加工质量,应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS中的LS-DYNA求解器模拟了某规格铜管的空拔成形过程,得到了管件成形过程中任一时刻主要场量的分布云图,分析了成形过程中管件的变形和应力的特点,研究了摩擦力和模具锥角等因素对空拔力与管件伸长率的影响规律。数值模拟分析表明:在应变分布上,管件轴向和周向的最大塑性变形主要发生在管件与模具初始接触处与减径区;在应力分布上,轴向应力和径向应力随管件在模具中的位置不同而有较大差异,在壁厚方向上由管件的外表面到内表面其应力依次为拉应力和压应力,且最大压应力出现在减径区,而最大拉应力则出现在定径区连接处。在管件拉拔力的变化规律上,降低摩擦力和合理的模具锥角能使拉拔力控制在最小范围内。在管件伸长率的变化规律上,较大的摩擦力和模具锥角能使管件的伸长率增大。     

P92钢蒸汽管道焊接接头中两裂纹相互作用的有限元分析

P92钢蒸汽管道焊接接头中易出现裂纹等缺陷,严重威胁着超超临界机组的安全运行,采用ANSYS Workbench软件建立了焊接接头中两半椭圆表面裂纹的有限元模型,并研究了两裂纹间距和次裂纹尺寸对主裂纹前缘应力强度因子的影响规律。研究结果表明,对于两共面的轴向裂纹和两共面的环向裂纹,次裂纹的存在增大主裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,而对于两非共面的轴向裂纹和两非共面的环向裂纹,次裂纹的存在则减小主裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,且这种作用随两裂纹间距的减小或次裂纹尺寸的增大而增强。对于中心连线与轴线平行的轴向与环向裂纹,当形状因子a/c=0.4时,环向裂纹的存在对轴向裂纹前缘应力强度因子的影响不大;但轴向裂纹的存在却增大环向裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,且这种作用随两裂纹间距的减小或轴向裂纹尺寸的增大而增强。当a/c=1.0时,一条裂纹的存在增大另一条裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,且这种作用随两裂纹间距的减小而略有增强;增大环向裂纹尺寸,其增大轴向裂纹前缘应力强度因子的作用略有增强;轴向裂纹尺寸对环向裂纹前缘应力强度因子的影响则取决于两裂纹间距。     

SiC/Ti55复合材料残余应力的研究

采用ANSYS有限元法计算了SiC/Ti55复合材料中的残余应力,分析了不同纤维体积分数下纤维中径向、轴向和环向残余应力的大小和分布。结果表明,径向和轴向残余压应力均随纤维体积分数的增大而减小;环向残余应力在纤维内部为压应力,表面附近为拉应力,且纤维体积分数越高,表面环向拉应力越大。     

Energy absorption of pressurized thin-walled circular tubes under axial crushing

By pressurizing cellular materials, honeycombs, or thin-walled structures, their energy absorption can be greatly enhanced, and this enhancement can be controlled by the applied pressure. This concept shines light on the possibility of achieving adaptive energy absorption. To investigate the effect of internal pressure on energy absorption of thin-walled structures, this paper presents a study of axial crushing of pressurized thin-walled circular tubes. In the experiments, three groups of circular tubes with radius/thickness ratio R/t=120-200 were axially compressed under different pressurizing conditions. The results show that with an increase of internal pressure, the deformation mode switches from diamond mode with sharp corners to that with round corners, and eventually to ring mode. In diamond mode, the mean force of the tubes increases linearly with internal pressure. The enhancement comes from two mechanisms: direct effect of pressure and indirect effect due to interaction between pressure and tube wall. After the deformation switches to ring mode, the enhancement resulting from the second mechanism becomes weaker. Based on experimental observations, the deformation mode, energy dissipation mechanisms as well as interaction between internal pressure and tube wall are analyzed theoretically and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.     

ANALYSIS OF MECHANICS IN BALL SPINNING OF THIN-WALLED TUBE

Ball spinning is applied to manufacturing thin-walled tube with high precision and high mechanical properties. On the basis of plastic mechanics, by simplifying ball spinning of thin-walled tube as plane strain problem, slab method is used for the purpose of calculating the contact deformation pressure. The spinning force components, the torsional moment, the deformation power and the deformation work are calculated further as well. The influence of the two important process parameters such as the feed ratio and the ball diameter on the spinning force components is analyzed in order to further control the spinning force components by regulating the two process variables during the ball spinning process. The stress and strain state in deformable zone as well as mechanics boundary conditions in ball spinning are obtained. The effect of the three spinning force components on the formability of the spun part is analyzed and validated through the ball spinning experiments. The theoretical and experimental results show that the radial spinning component plays a significant role in ball spinning of thin-walled tube, and the mechanics situation in backward ball spinning contributes to enhancing the plasticity of the metal material, but that in forward ball spinning contributes to advancing the axial flow of the metal material.     

An experimental and numerical study of necking initiation in aluminium alloy tubes during hydroforming

In this paper, a combined experimental and numerical investigation of free hydroforming of aluminium alloy tubes is conducted. The tubes are subjected to different loading histories involving axial compression and internal pressure. The circumferential and axial strains experienced by the tubes are continuously recorded along with the pressure and axial load. The numerical simulations are carried out using both 2D axisymmetric and 3D finite-element formulations by applying the experimentally recorded axial load and internal pressure. In the latter, a geometric imperfection is introduced in the form of wall thickness reduction at the tube mid-length in order to trigger necking which happens after significant bulging and beyond the stage of peak pressure. The strain histories and peak pressures obtained from the simulations agree well with those determined from the experiments. Further, the forming limit curve predicted by the simulations as well as from a M–K analysis incorporating the computed strain paths corroborate well with the experimental data. The role of nonproportional straining on the mechanics of failure of the tubes due to bulging and necking is studied in detail.     

Bursting failure prediction in tube hydroforming using FLSD

In tube hydroforming, circular components are hydrobulged or hydroformed from tubular blanks with internal pressure and simultaneous axial loading. Thus the tube can be fed into the deformation zone during the bulge operation allowing more expansion and less thinning without any defects such as wrinkling, buckling, and bursting. By contrast with the buckling and the wrinkling, the bursting is generally classified as an irrecoverable failure mode. Hence in order to obtain the sound hydroformed products, it is necessary to predict the bursting behavior and to analyze the effects of process parameters on this failure condition in hydroforming processes. In this study, a forming limit stress diagram (FLSD) is constructed by plotting the calculated principal stresses based on the local necking criterion. Using the theoretical FLSD, we carry out the numerical prediction of bursting failure in a hydroforming process, which usually has non-linear strain path. Finite element analyses are carried out to find out the state of stresses during simple hydroforming operation, in which the FLSD is utilized as the forming limit criterion for assessment of the initiation of necking, and influences of the material parameters on the formability are investigated. In addition, the numerical results obtained from the FEM combined with the FLSD are confirmed with a series of bulge tests in view of bursting pressure and show a good agreement. Consequently, it is shown that the theoretical and numerical approach to bursting failure prediction proposed in this paper will provide a feasible method to satisfy the increasing practical demands for assessment of the forming severity in hydroforming processes.     

双层管液压胀合的判据准则及分析比较

双层管液压胀合的成形质量取决于胀合液压力的大小，因此准确确定胀合液压力的范围对胀合质量起着决定性的作用。文中通过对双层管液压胀合过程中五种情况的受力分析，讨论内管及外管的应力应变关系。利用内外管之间的变形协调条件，得出液压胀合的适用条件以及胀合液压力pi的工作范围。通过与已有文献的比较，得出的结论同时适用于内层管为薄壁管和厚壁管的情况。     

薄壁管液压胀形加载路径研究

采用塑性变形理论研究了薄壁管液压胀形过程中轴向载荷与内压力的变化情况。在两种不同变形方式下对薄壁管胀形过程进行分析，分别就两种变形方式提出了薄壁管胀形过程中轴压与内压的理论计算方法，获得了管材在不同应变比下变形时的载荷变化曲线，探讨了薄壁管胀形工艺中确定加载路径的变化范围。     

不同构型吸能元件的轴向抗撞击性能分析

在传统薄壁方管的基础上,结合结构形态及其功能型要求,给出了多胞元吸能元件构型。利用三维有限元模型对重量相等的不同构型结构进行了碰撞数值分析。考察了结构材料的应变率效应对吸能元件的吸能能力的影响。通过比较撞击过程中吸能元件所吸收的能量、变形模式等发现:多胞元方管表现出良好的抗撞击性能。数值模拟结果为今后抗撞击结构部件的设计和改进提供了参考依据。     

反旋流对密封静力与动力特性影响的理论与试验研究

设计加工无/有反旋流共4种密封结构,从理论与实验两个方面研究反旋流对密封静力与动力特性的影响规律。建立反旋流密封静力特性CFD模型,理论分析反旋流对密封间隙流体切向速度、周向压力分布以及泄漏特性的影响;设计搭建反旋流密封动力特性试验台,试验测试无/有反旋流密封的泄漏特性,应用不平衡同频激励法试验研究反旋流对密封动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:反旋流可减小密封间隙流体的切向速度,进而降低密封间隙流体的周向压力差,且密封间隙流体周向压差随切向速度的减小而降低,这是反旋流抑制密封气流激振力的主要原因;密封的泄漏量随进出口压比的增加而增大,两者近似呈线性关系;与无反旋流密封相比,反旋流密封增加了密封的泄漏量,且随着进出口压比的增加,两者泄漏量差异增大;密封的动力特性系数的随密封进出口压比与转速的增加而增大。在相同工况下,主刚度大于交叉刚度约一个数量级,主阻尼与交叉阻尼数量级相同,且主阻尼大于交叉阻尼;反旋流可有效降低密封的等效刚度,增加密封的等效阻尼,提高密封的稳定性。