紫外可见光谱仪色散系统小型化及固态化问题的研究

本文指出了传统紫外可见光谱仪色散系统的不足，介绍了多通道检测器件（如CCD、CID、MOS图像传感器等）、平场凹面全息光栅、声光可调谐滤光器等新技术在色散系统小型化和固态化方面的应用，并对采用上述几种技术的小型化和固态化色散系统的性能进行了分析和研究，最后将本文新研制成的小型化和固态化系统（基于多通道检测器件与平场凹面全息光栅）与传统色散系统的性能进行了对比分析。     

便携式拉曼光谱仪发展综述

拉曼光谱仪已经广泛应用于分析化学、安全检查、生物医学等领域,小型化、智能化是其发展的重要方面.便携式拉曼光谱仪具有体积小、检测方便等特点,便于现场测量与分析.目前,在药物检测、机场安检、爆炸物分析等领域便携式拉曼光谱仪受到青睐.对国内外产业化和实验室的便携式光谱仪的发展进行了比较全面的综述,最后对便携式拉曼光谱仪的发展...     

国外等离子体发射光谱仪的发展简况

90年代前的各种等离子体光谱仪,受检测器件的限制大都只能用光电倍增管来接收谱能量,不能很好地兼顾分析速度和分析范围。进入90年代,随着微电子技术和电脑技术的飞速发展,美国TJA公司和P-E公司竞相引入了电荷注射阵列检测器(CID)和电荷耦合阵列检测器(CCD),将等离子体光谱仪带入了全谱直读时代。     

中阶梯光栅光谱仪CCD相机的设计

为了高精度采集中阶梯光栅光谱仪的谱图,设计了一种适用于中阶梯光栅光谱仪原理样机的高性能面阵CCD相机。首先,根据中阶梯光栅光谱仪的谱图特点和CCD芯片的特性,设计了面阵CCD相机的时序产生电路、驱动电路及数据采集处理电路,实现了面阵CCD相机的低噪声、高灵敏度以及高动态范围。然后,利用LabVIEW编写了CCD相机测试软件。最后,利用设计的面阵CCD相机对汞灯谱线进行了测试。结果表明:面阵CCD相机获取的二维谱图图像清晰、信噪比较高;经二维谱图还原后,可以得到标准的汞灯谱线。该相机性能稳定、可靠,满足中阶梯光栅光谱仪原理样机的研制要求。     

Design of echelle spectrograph CCD camera

为了高精度采集中阶梯光栅光谱仪的谱图,设计了一种适用于中阶梯光栅光谱仪原理样机的高性能面阵CCD相机.首先,根据中阶梯光栅光谱仪的谱图特点和CCD芯片的特性,设计了面阵CCD相机的时序产生电路、驱动电路及数据采集处理电路,实现了面阵CCD相机的低噪声、高灵敏度以及高动态范围.然后,利用LabVIEW编写了CCD相机测试软件.最后,利用设计的面阵CCD相机对汞灯谱线进行了测试.结果表明:面阵CCD相机获取的二维谱图图像清晰、信噪比较高;经二维谱图还原后,可以得到标准的汞灯谱线.该相机性能稳定、可靠,满足中阶梯光栅光谱仪原理样机的研制要求.     

PORS 15型便携式快速光谱仪荣获BCEIA 2005金奖

近年来全球分析仪器正向着小型化、快速化、专用化、智能化的“四化”方向发展.此次获奖的PORS-15便携式快速光谱仪（北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司生产）即是一款满足以上四化要求的紫外可见光谱仪.仪器体积小巧便于携带,适用于现场应急检测、在线监测、外出快速测量的大部分领域,可应用于环境保护、疾病控制、海洋检测、粮食品质检测、工业在线测量、在线控制等行业.该仪器的研制填补国内空白,是我国第一款自有知识产权的快速便携式光谱仪.     

旋转编码器在带钢边缘检测中的应用

介绍一种高精度旋转编码器的工作原理和特性 ,以及在带钢边缘检测中的应用。该编码器与可编程控制器、 CCD光电检测器构成高精度带钢纠偏控制系统。该系统具有控制精度高、响应速度快等特点 ,对高质量带钢的生产具有重大意义     

光谱仪的微小型化

光谱仪是种类繁多、应用极为广泛的一种理化分析仪器,微加工技术的发展和MOEMS技术的出现为其微小型化提供了可能性,本文着重就采用新型滤光技术的微型光谱仪、利用光纤制作的微型光谱仪以及集成式光谱仪进行介绍。光谱仪的微小型化是我国微型仪器的一个重要发展方向。     

原子发射光谱仪器的新进展

原子发射光谱仪器正不断向全谱直读功能发展,并向智能化、小型化、实用化、低分析成本方向发展。新型的台式及便携式手提直读光谱仪,采用光栅分光－－ＣＣＤ检测器系统,光谱焦距仅在１５～１７ｃｍ,具有全谱直读的功能,其性能不亚于传统的实验室直读光谱仪。具有小型、轻便,可以对多种金属进行心;定量分析,直接显示分析结果;可以进行金属类型,对／错鉴别,快速分类和等级鉴别,适于现场分析,可以带到任何需要进行金属分类     

微型CCD光谱仪器的总体结构设计

着眼于近年来CCD技术和计算机技术方面的迅速发展，在深入分析光谱仪的一般结构与原理的基础上研制一种实用的利用线阵CCD与计算机结合的多通道光谱测量仪器。光谱测量范围为400～760nm，光谱分辨率3．9nm。由于采用一维线阵探测器，与传统扫描式光谱仪相比，本光谱仪的检测速度得到极大的提高。     

Quantitative measurement of hard x-ray spectra for high intensity laser produced plasma

X-ray line spectra ranging from 17 to 77 keV were quantitatively measured with a Laue spectrometer, composed of a cylindrically curved crystal and a detector. Either a visible CCD detector coupled with a CsI phosphor screen or an imaging plate can be chosen, depending on the signal intensities and exposure times. The absolute sensitivity of the spectrometer system was calibrated using pre-characterized laser-produced x-ray sources and radioisotopes. The integrated reflectivity for the crystal is in good agreement with predictions by an open code for x-ray diffraction. The energy transfer efficiency from incident laser beams to hot electrons, as the energy transfer agency for specific x-ray line emissions, is derived as a consequence of this work.     

高分辨宽光谱微型拉曼光谱仪的设计

为了同时满足光谱分辨率、光谱范围、探测器(CCD)上光谱信号覆盖区域要求,提出一种基于Czerny-Turner(CT)结构拉曼光谱仪的综合设计方法,通过Zemax软件采用逐步手动调节光栅倾斜,自动优化聚焦镜、柱面镜以及CCD间倾角和距离的方式,设计出全波段光谱分辨率优于4cm-1,光谱波数范围为80~3 967cm~(-1),光学结构尺寸为90mm×130mm×40mm的微型拉曼光谱仪。     

基于线阵CCD的光谱仪定标研究

光谱仪是一种基本光谱检测和分析仪器,以线阵CCD为探测核心是设备微型化的重要手段,CCD各光敏像元输出信号与待测光谱波长及光谱辐射通量之间对应关系成为定标的主要内容.研究了常规线性拟合方法,应用校准结果测量发现有时误差较大,利用低压汞灯特征谱线为基准,采用最小二乘法曲线拟合完成波长定标,计算出拟合曲线的3阶校正参数;利用辐射标准灯完成光谱辐射定标,解决了光束经过光学系统传输损耗及线阵CCD光谱响应灵敏度测量的困难,并对定标方案进行了数学推导证明.对大量实验数据进行分析表明,该定标方法是切实可行的,并成功应用到微型光谱仪器的生产过程.     

光纤光谱仪的波长校正

随着人们对光谱测量仪器灵活性、微型化的要求,便携式光纤光谱仪在实际生产测量中的需求也越来越大,对其测量性能的要求也越来越高。根据光纤光谱仪的测量原理,利用波长与CCD探测器单元格一一对应的关系,提出了一种波长校正的方案,波长校准精度可以达到0.5nm,重复性达0.1nm。     

平板式光谱仪的结构设计

光谱仪的平板化,可以扩大仪器使用范围。本文主要研究一种基于CCD的平板式光谱仪的结构设计。使用合适的光纤、光栅、反射镜和CCD,通过理论计算,引入聚焦反射和分光,将色散光投射到CCD,简化结构。不同于传统的垂直光电隔离式设计,采用平面光电隔离式设计,使光谱仪厚度明显减小,光电分离式设计进一步提高了仪器应用的灵活性。     

用于测量激光等离子体X射线的椭圆弯晶谱仪

研制了一种椭圆弯晶谱仪用于测量0.44～0.81 nm激光等离子体X射线光谱.该谱仪采用X射线CCD作探测器,用PET(2d＝0.874 nm)晶体作色散和聚焦元件,将晶体弯曲并粘贴在离心率和焦距分别为0.9586和1350 mm的椭圆形不锈钢基底上.对该谱仪在"星光Ⅱ"激光装置上进行了打靶实验,实验结果表明其光谱分辨率接近1000.     

Masking a CCD camera allows multichord charge exchange spectroscopy measurements at high speed on the DIII-D tokamak

Charge exchange spectroscopy is one of the standard plasma diagnostic techniques used in tokamak research to determine ion temperature, rotation speed, particle density, and radial electric field. Configuring a charge coupled device (CCD) camera to serve as a detector in such a system requires a trade-off between the competing desires to detect light from as many independent spatial views as possible while still obtaining the best possible time resolution. High time resolution is essential, for example, for studying transient phenomena such as edge localized modes. By installing a mask in front of a camera with a 1024 × 1024 pixel CCD chip, we are able to acquire spectra from eight separate views while still achieving a minimum time resolution of 0.2 ms. The mask separates the light from the eight spectra, preventing spatial and temporal cross talk. A key part of the design was devising a compact translation stage which attaches to the front of the camera and allows adjustment of the position of the mask openings relative to the CCD surface. The stage is thin enough to fit into the restricted space between the CCD camera and the spectrometer endplate.     

Detection of the Angular Distribution of the Signal Electrons in VLESEM

The topic of this work is the study of direct detection of electrons by Charge-Coupled-Devices (CCD). The aim is to design a detector for the angle and energy-selective detection of signal electrons in very low energy scanning electron microscopy (VLESEM), using an electron-bombarded CCD sensor (EBCCD). We concentrate upon two problems—the design of appropriate electronics and determination of an appropriate energy of the signal electrons for the CCD sensor.     

A fast beam switch for controlling the intensity in electron energy loss spectrometry

The fast deflection system described in this paper is suitable for controlling the intensity reaching the detector of a magnetic sector electron spectrometer mounted below an analytical transmission electron microscope. Amongst other things, this allows the low loss region of the spectrum to be recorded with the same electron probe conditions used to record core losses, something that is essential for high spatial resolution studies. The plate assembly restricts the width of the electron distribution reaching the viewing screen to a strip approximately 17 mm wide in the direction approximately normal to the dispersion direction of the spectrometer. The resulting deflection has no detectable effect on the FWHM of the zero-loss peak for exposure times as short as 1 micros. At incident energies up to 300 keV, positioning the deflection plates in the 35 mm camera port above the viewing chamber allows voltages of < +/- 3 kV to deflect the electrons out of the spectrometer and beyond the edge of the annular detector. When the deflection is switched on, the electrons are deflected out of the spectrometer in < 40 ns and when the deflection is switched off, the electrons return to within 10 microm of the undeflected position within 100 ns. Thus, even at an exposure time of 30 micros, the smallest time likely to be used in practice with a GATAN 666 spectrometer, < 1% of the signal in the spectrum is from electrons whose scattering conditions differ from those in the undeflected position. The performance of the deflection system is such that it will also be suitable for use with the new and much faster GATAN ENFINA spectrometer system. At incident energies up to 200 keV and possibly up to 300 keV, deflection voltages of +/- 3 kV are sufficient to deflect the electrons off a 1 k x 1 k charge coupled device (CCD) camera placed below the photographic camera. Thus the deflection system can be used as a very fast, non-mechanical shutter for such a CCD camera.