铝合金焊接接头疲劳强度试验研究

通过焊接接头疲劳试验，对铝台金3A21和5083焊接接头疲劳性能和相应S-N曲线进行分析，计算对接和不同角接头疲劳强度和曲线参数，分析不同接头几何形状和焊趾半径对疲劳强度的影响，并且对不同几何型式的接头以及铝合金与钢焊接接头疲劳试验结果进行比较。不同的承载方式和接头几何型式导致应力集中；焊趾半径大小决定应力集中程度，最终影响焊接接头的疲劳强度。     

焊接接头疲劳评定的等效应力强度因子法

等效应力强度因子 (equivalentstressintensityfactor,简称E SIF)法是近年来提出的一种新的疲劳评定方法 ,文中采用 16Mn钢的非承载角焊缝十字接头的疲劳试验结果对E SIF法的有效性进行研究 ,并分析讨论影响这种方法的有关因素。结果表明 ,采用等效应力强度因子法能对 16Mn钢非承载角焊缝十字接头的疲劳性能作出合理的评定 ,并能预测焊接接头的疲劳断裂位置 ,且该方法适合于焊态接头和较小焊趾半径的疲劳评定。等效应力强度因子法对应力集中区单元尺寸有一定的依赖性 ,对实际焊接接头的焊趾半径变化范围 (在 0 .15mm～ 0 .8mm内 ) ,选择焊趾半径与最小单元尺寸的比值 ρ/emin>1.7时 ,可以获得合理有效的等效应力强度因子ΔKⅠ 值计算结果 ;当焊接接头的焊趾半径较小 ( 0 .15mm～ 0 .40mm)时 ,等效应力强度因子法更为合理     

不锈钢焊接接头疲劳强度试验研究

通过焊接接头疲劳试验对SAF2 2 0 5双相不锈钢和 1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头S—N曲线进行详细分析 ,并与 16Mn钢焊接接头的试验结果进行比较 ,讨论不同材料焊接接头及试样接头型式对S—N曲线的影响。试验结果表明 ,SAF2 2 0 5钢和 1Cr18Ni9Ti钢焊接试样的常数m和N =2× 10 6疲劳强度与国际焊接学会 (IIW )推荐的数值有较大差异 ,采用IIW的S—N曲线对本文不锈钢焊接试样疲劳评定时 ,将给出偏于安全的结果 ;接头型式不同导致焊接接头局部应力集中有较大差异 ,因而对采用名义应力表示的S—N曲线有明显影响 ;在同类接头形式下 ,SAF2 2 0 5钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti钢焊接接头的焊态疲劳强度高于 16Mn钢焊接接头 ,而双相不锈钢接头具有更高的疲劳强度     

考虑焊趾形貌的十字焊接接头疲劳评定研究

针对十字焊接接头,考虑焊趾形貌特征,分别建立了包含圆弧形焊趾和直线形焊趾的两种有限元模型,分析了焊趾局部的应力状态;以有效缺口应力为控制参量,估算了循环拉伸载荷作用下十字焊接接头的疲劳寿命;开展了相关疲劳试验,对估算结果进行了验证。研究表明焊趾形貌对焊接接头的疲劳特性有较大影响,圆弧形曲线可以较好地描述焊趾形貌,循环拉伸载荷作用下裂纹通常在焊趾部位萌生,且位于靠近焊缝端面的圆弧段凸顶点附近,考虑焊趾形貌的有效缺口应力法可以作为焊接结构疲劳寿命的有效评定方法。     

海洋平台用高强度钢多次补焊的疲劳分析

对海洋平台用高强度钢焊接接头多次补焊的疲劳性能进行试验研究，给出采用威布尔分布下的寿命估算式及R-S-N曲线。考虑到多次补焊后焊趾外移造成的焊接角的变化，应用有限元方法计算试样的应力分布，给出焊趾处的应力集中系数，由此进一步分析多次补焊对焊接接头疲劳性能的影响。     

构架管接头焊缝参数对疲劳缺口应力的影响

为了克服整体法进行焊接结构强度设计时造成的母材强度过剩,焊缝强度不足的问题,采用局部缺口应力法,分析了焊缝各局部参数对疲劳应力的影响程度;目的是在不改变整体结构参数的前提下,通过优化焊缝设计参数,实现焊接结构疲劳强度的提高。文章以某动车焊接构架为研究对象,建立了横梁管焊接接头的多尺度模型。以参数化的1mm虚拟缺口模型分析了各焊缝参数变化以及砂轮打磨半径对于缺口应力集中系数的影响规律,结果表明焊趾角度的影响较焊喉深度更为显著,而砂轮磨削的最佳半径为6mm。以构架整体模型分析了焊接接头在各疲劳工况下的实际受力情况,联合各向缺口应力集中系数并采用形状改变能密度准则计算了管接头焊趾处的多轴等效缺口应力。通过与原焊缝设计参数相比较,减小15°的焊趾角度能够降低10%的疲劳缺口应力,6mm的磨削半径则能够降低超过20%的疲劳缺口应力。     

超声波冲击对低合金高强钢焊后基材疲劳强度的影响

随为了研究超声波冲击技术对低合金高强钢焊接后基材疲劳强度的影响,自制14 mm厚Q355C板材作为焊接试件板材,焊接接头采用T型接头,取10件试板进行超声波冲击后进行疲劳试验测试,再取件未采用超声波冲击的试板直接进行疲劳测试作为对照。结果显示,焊态和冲击态的焊接试板失效形式均为焊趾处开裂;采用超声波冲击的试板疲劳寿命为85～110万次,比对照试板疲劳寿命50～70万次的循环次数提高了约60%;超声冲击处理态比原始焊态提高一个疲劳强度等级,由FAT80提高到FAT90。说明原始焊态和超声波冲击态T型接头的疲劳失效形式为焊趾处开裂,焊趾处的疲劳强度应低于母材的疲劳强度,焊缝焊趾为焊接结构的薄弱环节;经超声波冲击处理的Q355钢T型接头的疲劳强度在原始焊态的基础上有一定提升。超声冲击技术是一种高效的消除部件近表面缺陷、引进有益压应力的方法,其提高疲劳强度的原理结合了机械修磨和锤击的方式,设备轻巧方便,噪声和粉尘污染极小,基本无场地要求,且超声波冲击提高疲劳强度的程度相较于其他技术效果更加明显,是较理想的提高焊缝疲劳强度的方式。     

海洋结构钢焊接接头低周疲劳强度的研究

对进口结构钢A537和国产结构钢E36模拟节点热点处应力状态制成接头试件,采用极大似然性原理组织试验,考察材料、介质（空气和海水）、工艺（焊后或焊修）对接头疲劳强度的影响,并获得这两种钢的焊接接头的概率-应力范围-寿命曲线（P-S-N）,对比管节点疲劳试验结构,表明“焊接接头疲劳寿命相对于管节点疲劳试验的启裂寿命”观点是安全的。     

超声冲击法提高低碳钢焊接接头疲劳强度的研究

焊接结构中,焊接接头的疲劳强度远远低于母材的疲劳强度。大量的实验表明,疲劳裂纹主要起源于接头焊趾处,因此处理焊接接头焊趾将会提高接头的疲劳强度。文中利用自行研制的超声波冲击实验装置,对提高低碳钢焊接接头疲劳强度进行了研究。     

局部法评定铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能

三种不同的局部法,临界距离法、应力平均法和等效应力强度因子法,用于评估Al6082-T6铝管搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳性能。结果表明,3种疲劳评定方法都能对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头做出合理的评定。运用临界距离法时采用Peterson修正公式计算临界距离参数L,结果表明该方法能够精确预测出Al6082-T6铝管搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳极限,预测误差仅4%,并能预测出接头疲劳薄弱区域;应力平均法的预测结果偏保守,预测结果较试验值低7.46%,其将焊趾视为尖锐缺口的做法具有工程应用价值。等效应力强度因子法通过将接头模拟成带标准裂纹的构件来计算焊接接头等效应力强度因子范围,并通过与接头裂纹扩展门槛值比较来判断焊接件是否发生疲劳失效,结果表明等效应力强度因子法能够对Al6082-T6搅拌摩擦焊接头做出合理的疲劳评定。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...