工程机械专用液压油的开发

人们通常把液压油比作液压系统的血液,液压油的性能指标是否满足工程机械压力系统中的润滑需要,对工程机械设备的正常运转十分关键。工程机械的液压系统与工业设备液压系统的结构和工况有着较大的区别,工程机械通常用于室外作业,环境温度变化大,工况复杂。近几年工程机械用液压泵压力不断增加,体积越来越小,液压油油箱容量也随之减小,这就对液压油的品质提出了更高的要求。     

工程机械用液压油的选择

液压油常被比喻为液压系统的血液,在液压系统中液压油起着传递能量、润滑、密封、冷却等关键作用。工程机械液压系统和工业设备的液压系统存在较多区别。根据ISO及我国国家标准的分类,液压油的品种也有很多种,因此如何根据工程机械的工况条件及不同类型的液压油性能特点,合理选择液压油显得尤为重要。该文综述了液压油的分类标准、产品标准及不同类型的液压油的性能特点,同时分析了工程机械液压系统与工业设备液压系统的差异,并对工程机械液压油的选择提出了相关建议。     

工程机械液压油的选用和管理

介绍了工程机械液压油的合理选择和正确的使用管理方法, 提供了进口工程机械液压油国产化的参考资料     

如何防止工程机械液压系统漏油

工程机械液压系统泄漏液压油，除极少部分情况是由设计和制造不当引起的外，大部分是由于工作过程中使用和维护不当造成的。一、日常使用过程中应注意的问题1．按照机械使用说明书要求，正确选用、补充和更换液压油液压油的正确使用是保证液压系统正常工作和高效率的前提。如液压油选用不当，会造成液压系统中密封件过早损坏以及其他一些故障，甚至造成系统漏油。各种工程机械的使用说明书中都规定了应选择液压油的牌号，也都规定了液压油补充和更换的时期。2．遵照操作规程使用机械，避免蛮干各种工程机械都有固定的工作范围和工作能力，在…     

抓好“购、管、用”防止油污染

有关资料表明,大约有80％的工程机械液压系统故障是由于液压油污染造成的,既严重影响了工程机械的正常工作,也给工程施工带来很大的经济损失。因此,为保证工程机械液压系统正常工作,应针对工程机械液压油易污染的特点,采取系统工程的方法,认真抓好“购、管、用”三个主要环节,有效地防止液压油的污染。1．正确选购,把住液压油选购关（1）首先应合理选购液压油,尽量选购与原厂规定品牌和等级一致的液压油。目前,国内外有很多液压油的生产厂家和供应商,液压油也有好坏优劣之分,还有假冒伪劣产品,因此应到生产厂家指定的供应商或…     

工程机械液压油污染与控制

本文分析了工程机械液压油污染原因和产生的后果,提出了液压油的管理办法,有效地减少或控制工程机械液压油的污染。     

A2F-10泵试验对工程机械液压油寿命评价

面对液压技术发展和复杂的工况,为了选择和开发工程机械适用的液压油,需要可靠、有效的评价手段。根据日本工程机械协会标准方法(JCMAS P045)要求,设计建立了A2F柱塞泵台架,利用试验过程中液压油的黏度、酸值、泡沫特性、油泥和金属含量变化,对工程机械上应用的各种液压油进行综合性能评价。研究表明选择II类及以上基础油和无锌添加剂技术的液压油具有更长的使用寿命。     

工程机械节能的新途径

在分析液压油黏温特性的基础上，借鉴国外研究实例，提出了对于在我国东北、西北等四季温差很大的地区野外施工的工程机械，正确选用液压油是一种节能环保的新途径。     

液压·液力

GJ20053051 工程机械液压油的选用、管理和污染控制 [刊,中]/乔建青//山西交通科技.—2004,(4).—79～80介绍了工程机械液压油的分类和要求以及适用范围,提出了液压油的正确选择、使用、维护和管理等。表2参2GJ20053052 工程机械油品使用管理系统的设     

浅谈工程机械液压油污染度的控制

统计资料表明,工程机械液压系统的故障,有70%以上是由液压油受污染引起的。通过介绍工程机械中液压油污染物的形成、形态、来源和危害,提出了有效控制油液污染度的措施和方法,对实际使用具有一定的参考价值。     

Tribological evaluation of coconut oil as an environment-friendly lubricant

Increased concerns about environmental damage caused by mineral oil based lubricants, has created a growing worldwide trend of promoting vegetable oil as base oil for automobile lubricants. Coconut oil, which is abundantly available in southern states of India, is reportedly being widely used as two-stroke engine lubricant (2T oil) by autorikshaw¹ drivers. A survey among the users of coconut oil as 2T oil brought forth complaints of increased engine wear. This paper presents tribological properties of coconut oil evaluated using a four-ball tester and a test rig to test the wear on two stroke engines. The influence of an antiwear/extreme pressure (AW/EP) additive on the tribological performance of coconut oil was also evaluated experimentally. The addition of the AW/EP additive has brought about considerable reduction in wear with coconut oil as 2T oil.     

两种润滑脂中基础油提取方法的比较

为研究不同提取方法对锂基润滑脂中基础油提取效果的影响，采用12-羟基硬脂酸体系稠化基础油制备锂基润滑脂，然后采用石油醚提取法和压力分油提取法分别提取制备的润滑脂中的基础油，并分析2种不同方法提取的基础油与原稠化基础油在黏度、族组成、低温性能和组分构成方面的差别。结果表明：2种不同方法提取的基础油的红外谱图与稠化基础油的红外谱图基本一致，族组成和苯胺点也与稠化基础油基本一致；压力分油提取法提取的基础油的黏度、黏指、倾点和蒸发损失与稠化基础油一致；石油醚提取法提取的基础油的黏度与混合基础油中的小黏度基础油基本一致，黏指和倾点与润滑脂稠度相关，蒸发损失略大于原稠化基础油。对于润滑脂的剖析，2种方法结合使用可以得出较为准确的结果。     

压缩机径向泄漏通道润滑油量的实验研究

在压缩机运行过程中,通过径向泄漏通道从压缩腔泄漏到吸气腔的气体泄漏量与堆积在该处的润滑油量有极大的关系,为了准确描述径向间隙处的润滑油量,以滚动活塞压缩机本体为基础设计一套试验装置,采用高速摄影技术对径向间隙处的润滑油进行观察和图像采集,将采集的图像导入MatLab进行图像处理,得到滚动活塞压缩机在运行过程中的径向间隙处的润滑油量。以润滑油密封角为衡量润滑油量大小的指标,分析润滑油密封角与偏心轴转速、供油量、润滑油黏度的关系。结果表明:以汽缸中心点和活塞与汽缸的理论接触点的连线作为分界线,润滑油并不以该分界线作为对称中心均匀地分布在吸气腔和压缩腔两侧,而是整体偏向压缩腔侧,并且该分布规律与润滑油黏度、偏心轴转速和供油量都无关;润滑油密封角随着转速的提高而增大,随着供油量的增大而增大,随润滑油黏度的增加而减小。     

基于物联网和区块链技术的油品净化方案研究

润滑油与液压油是润滑和液压系统的血液,因此油品净化的重要性越来越显著。为了实现对油品净化设备的综合管控、全优润滑,其至佳方案的研究势在必行。将物联网与区块链技术相结合,以物联网的智能控制为依托,实现油品净化设备的自动控制;以区块链技术的共识机制和分布式数字存储模块为补充,解决物物相连的设备之间协作与安全问题。最终实现物联网的共识机制和分布式网络,对分散的各主体设备油站以及分散布置的油品净化设备的各数据参数进行实时测控、远程共享,从而实现润滑油与液压油的净化和全优润滑,降低设备损耗和故障率,提高设备寿命。     

原油储罐动态油量在线、实时计量技术的研究

为了在线实时计量联合站及原油生产过程的储缸油量,采用移动式传感器,实时检测罐内不同高度油层的含水率,运用可变积分限的近似计算储罐油是邮油罐区的自动化监测与管理,保证了油,气生产及储输系统准确、安全、可靠地运行。本文提出原油储罐动态油量在线、实时计量的方法,对油田联合站测量油量的盘库工作具有十分重要的实用价值。     

High Pressure Rheology of Environmentally Friendly Vegetable Oils

Environment-friendly lubricant is the key demand in twenty-first century for the issue of global climate change. Vegetable oils as base oil for lubricants and biodiesel fuel are environmentally preferable to petroleum. They are usually excellent boundary lubricants, but their high-pressure behavior is not investigated yet properly. In this research, first solidification characteristics of rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, camellia oil, mustard oil, castor oil, rapeseed methylester, and soybean methylester were investigated. Next, a very useful viscosity–pressure–temperature relation on the basis of phase diagram was derived for the nine vegetable oil.     

Experimental evaluation of palm oil as lubricant in cold forward extrusion process

Today, vegetable oil is much desired for its application as a lubricant in metal forming processes, because it is a renewable resource and has high biodegradability compared to mineral oil. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for the European Union 301C (OECD) testing method, the biodegradability levels of vegetable oils are better compared to petroleum-based lubricants. Palm oil is used more often than other vegetable oils. Therefore, palm oil has the potential to fulfill the demand for vegetable-based lubricants. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the viability of palm oil when used as a lubricant in cold work such as the forward plane strain extrusion process. The performances of palm oil were compared with additive-free paraffinic mineral oil. Experimental work with a plane strain extrusion apparatus with a symmetrical workpiece was carried out at room temperature. The material of the workpiece is annealed pure aluminum A1100. The visioplasticity method was used to calculate the velocities and effective strain in the deformation zone of the workpiece. The results obtained from the experimental work showed that palm oil has satisfactory lubrication performances, as compared to paraffinic mineral oil, and has advantages in reducing the extrusion load.     

硫化异丁烯与ZDDP复配对菜籽油摩擦学性能的影响

以菜籽油为基础油,选择硫化异丁烯(T321)为极压添加剂、ZDDP为抗氧抗腐剂,采用均匀试验方法设计试验方案,并测定在不同添加剂含量下的pB值(最大无卡咬负荷)和WSD值(磨斑直径),利用逐步回归法和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了基础油和添加剂之间的配伍性及其对菜籽油摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:当硫化异丁烯的含量低时会降低菜籽油的承载能力,当含量高时可提高菜籽油的承载能力,ZDDP无论在低含量还是高含量均可提高菜籽油的承载能力。ZDDP对菜籽油抗磨性能的作用大于硫化异丁烯。     

Performance of synthetic oils in the hydrodynamic regime — 1. experimental

An investigation of the performance of environmentally adapted synthetic oils in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime has been carried out. Four oils have been tested: polyalphaolefin and ester based ISO VG46 oils as well as mineral ISO VG68 and VG46 oils. Tests were conducted in a facility containing two identical tilting‐pad thrust bearings typical of the design in general use. The differences between the mineral and synthetic oils in terms of maximum operating temperature, minimum oil film thickness, and bearing power loss have been examined. Substitution of the mineral ISO VG68 oil with an ISO VG46 oil slightly reduces the bearing operating temperature. This is due to a decrease in the basic viscosity. It is concluded that the ester base ISO VG46 oil can be used as an environmentally adapted replacement for the mineral ISO VG68 oil without sacrificing bearing safety. Such a change also offers noticeable energy savings. If the ester based oil is used instead of a mineral oil of the same viscosity grade, bearing reliability is improved by the increased oil film thickness.     

基于菜籽油的乳化切削液研制

采用菜籽油作为可生物降解乳化切削液的基础油,通过试验研究乳化切削液配制工艺条件的影响,确定了乳化切削基础油的配制方案,并采用抗磨剂、抗氧剂、防锈剂等多种添加剂对其进行了改性。结果表明,所配制的乳化切削液具有优于参比皂化油的综合性能,在加工试验中可以有效地替代市售皂化油。