复合材料层合板冲击后疲劳寿命试验研究与数值模拟

通过对复合材料典型层合板进行落锤冲击试验引入冲击损伤,并对冲击后的复合材料层合板进行不同载荷水平的压-压疲劳试验,得到了不同疲劳载荷作用下层合板损伤扩展规律及疲劳寿命。建立了冲击后层合板疲劳寿命有限元数值计算模型,对层合板进行冲击仿真,并利用有限元软件用户子程序编程,将冲击后计算所得损伤分布结果设置为层合板压—压疲劳寿命计算的起始状态,从而获得层合板在不同疲劳载荷水平下的损伤扩展结果及压—压疲劳寿命数值仿真结果。将试验与有限元数值计算疲劳寿命结果绘制了S-N曲线,通过对比验证了计算结果的准确性,形成一套复合材料层合板冲击后疲劳寿命预测数值计算模型。     

基于三维CDM的复合材料开口层合板失效分析

建立了复合材料层合板三维连续介质损伤力学模型,并将该模型应用于复合材料开口层合板的损伤破坏分析中。与相关试验中开口层合板强度和损伤破坏情况对比分析表明:本文模型能够有效地模拟开口层合板从初始损伤到完全破坏的全过程,具有较高的计算精度和良好的数值模拟收敛性。基于该模型,详细分析了在单向拉伸载荷作用下开口层合板不同铺层的损伤破坏情况。     

基于内聚单元的复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了一套有限元模型来预测复合材料正交层合板由低速冲击载荷引起的层间应力及损伤。采用连续壳单元模拟层合板的各个单层,在复合材料层合板的可能损伤区域设置内聚单元模拟面内基体裂纹和层间分层损伤的起始和扩展。引入层间摩擦力模型模拟层间压缩应力对分层损伤的抑制作用。对于正交层合板,有限元模型准确的模拟了低速冲击载荷引起的分层损伤的面积和形状。数值模拟结果也表明面内基体裂纹与层间分层存在着相互作用关系,基体裂纹影响着分层损伤预测的准确性。有限元模拟结果和试验结果的对比表明,基于内聚单元的有限元模型可以用在复合材料正交层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟中。     

考虑界面接触效应的复合材料层合板分层屈曲的三维有限元分析

运用Abaqus有限元软件模拟含脱层的复合材料层合板的屈曲过程。运用实体单元构建复合材料层合板模型,采用线弹性本构关系,考虑脱层间的接触效应,在脱层界面处施加硬接触的法向行为,防止脱层界面上下两部分的相互贯穿,保证变形的协调性。通过数值算例,综合讨论了不同深度、不同宽度、不同长宽比以及有无接触效应时对屈曲极限荷载的影响。同时对无损伤层合板在相同参数的情况下的屈曲进行了模拟,获得了临界荷载值,将有限元结果与理论解比较后数值吻合,结果表明,所建立的模型能够准确的模拟脱层板屈曲过程。     

T700/3234碳纤维层合板的拉伸疲劳特性分析

通过对T700/3234碳纤维复合材料层合板进行静力拉伸试验和拉-拉疲劳试验,得到层合板的拉伸性能、疲劳寿命和刚度衰减规律,然后采用数值分析方法对层合板的拉伸强度进行预测,并对碳纤维层合板的疲劳S-N曲线以及疲劳刚度衰减进行了研究。结果表明:采用逐渐累积损伤的数值方法所得到的拉伸强度与试验结果较为吻合,根据疲劳理论拟合得到的S-N曲线和刚度衰减曲线很好地描述了材料的疲劳性能,为研究T700碳纤维层合板的疲劳损伤演化提供了重要参考。     

单向拼接复合材料层合板的抗拉强度研究

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板具有较高的抗拉强度,复合材料结构设计中会遇到含铺层拼接的层合板的问题,需要考虑拼接对层合板力学性能的影响。因此建立交错拼接单向层合板的力学模型,对其层间应力和承载能力进行分析,得到单向层合板拼接位置的层间应力分布和抗拉强度的解析解,并提出有效拼接长度的概念,可用于交错拼接层合板的设计。并建立不同拼接长度的交错拼接单向层合板模型,计算得到层间应力分布,并采用渐进损伤方法预测抗拉强度,解析解和有限元方法的强度预测结果均与试验结果具有较好的一致性。含交错拼接单向层合板拼接位置的层间切应力和抗拉强度决定于材料刚度、单层厚度、界面厚度和拼接长度。     

E-玻璃纤维2D编织层铺增强复合材料的损伤力学本构模型及应用

由拉伸试验获得E-玻璃纤维2D编织层铺增强树脂基复合材料的力学性能,通过弹性力学推导出材料正交各向异性的本构关系,并对本构关系中的刚度矩阵进行数值解析,得到复合材料的弹性本构方程;将结果应用于Hashin强度准则,建立了以连续损伤力学为基础的正交各向异性损伤本构模型。将所建立的弹性及损伤本构关系赋予层合板三维模型,通过ABAQUS/Explicit软件模拟弹丸冲击复合材料层合板的过程,并对模拟结果进行分析。结果表明:当冲击载荷达到材料的临界损伤值(732N)时层合板发生破裂,并在24μs达到最大变形量,此时应力重新分配,且复合材料横截面上的应力在中心处从0向外逐渐增大到509.8MPa;在冲击整个过程中,材料的损伤从中心向四周呈放射状递减。     

基于可分型Hamilton正则方程的复合材料层合板自由边缘效应研究

提出一种可分型Hamilton正则方程与有限元法相结合的半解析法理论,研究辛体系下正交异性复合材料层合板自由边缘效应问题。首先根据修正后的H-R变分原理,推导可分型Hamilton正则方程,应用有限元法建立沿厚度方向的状态方程。然后,实例计算分析复合材料层合板层间应力。通过数值算例验证了方法的有效性。     

多种损伤T300/QY8911加筋板的频率分析

采用有限元法研究了含多种损伤形式的复合材料加筋板的固有频率。基于麦德林理论,推导了求解含多种损伤复合材料加筋板固有频率的刚度阵和质量阵。引入Hertz型非线性接触单元模型来避免上、下子板间的嵌入现象。在上述模型和理论基础上,采用反迭代法求解特征方程。通过数值算例,研究了包括筋与板脱层损伤、层合板的分层损伤、筋的布置、分层位置、脱层数量对有损伤加筋板固有频率的影响。     

含分层复合材料层合板剪切稳定性数值模拟研究

对含单一分层的复合材料层合板在纯剪切情况下的稳定性进行了数值模拟研究,分析了分层损伤对于层合板稳定性的影响,并引入内聚力模型(Cohesive Zone Model,CZM),进一步分析了层合板后屈曲过程中的分层扩展行为。通过对不同尺寸的分层损伤的模拟分析,发现层合板的屈曲模式和屈曲临界载荷与分层直径密切相关。随着初始分层损伤区直径的增大,层合板屈曲临界载荷随之减小,且层合板屈曲模式由整体屈曲转变为混合屈曲模式。另外,在初始分层区直径达到一定大小后,层合板在后屈曲过程中会发生分层扩展破坏。     

Dynamic analysis for three-dimensional laminated plates and panels with damping

A modified mixed variational principle in cylindrical coordinate system for elastic cylindrical panels with damping is established, and the state-vector formulation with damping parameters is derived from the variational principle. Based on the precise integration method and Muller method, a new solution for the effect of damping on the natural frequency, harmonic vibration and complex frequency response of simply supported laminated plates/shells is presented. The results of the numerical examples show that the current approach offers good predictive capability. The variational principle presented in the paper will be of benefit to the derivation of the semi-analytical solution for the dynamic problems of the laminated structures with damping and complicated boundary conditions.     

Modal characteristics of symmetrically laminated composite plates flexibly restrained at different locations

A method for determining modal characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of symmetrically laminated composite plates restrained by elastic supports at different locations in the interior and on the edges of the plates is presented. The classical lamination theory together with an appropriate set of characteristic functions are used in the Rayleigh-Ritz method to formulate the eigenvalue problem for determining the modal characteristics of the flexibly supported laminated composite plates. Sweep-sine vibration testing of several laminated composite plates flexibly restrained at different locations on the plates is performed to measure their natural frequencies. The close agreement between the experimental and theoretical natural frequencies of the plates has verified the accuracy of the proposed method. The effects of elastic restraint locations on the modal characteristics of flexibly supported laminated composite plates with different lamination arrangements and aspect ratios are studied using the present method. The usefulness of the results obtained for predicting sound radiation behavior of flexibly supported laminated composite plates is discussed.     

Hamilton体系下压电材料层合板特征值灵敏度分析

在Hamilton体系下,基于区间B(B-spline wavelet on the interval)-样条小波有限元法研究压电材料特征值的灵敏度分析问题,推导压电材料特征值响应灵敏度系数的控制方程.利用二分法求得压电材料层合板前4阶特征值对材料密度的灵敏度系数,并与有限差分法所得结果相比较,证明所提方法的可靠性.结...     

Thermal buckling behavior of laminated composite plates: a finite-element study

In this paper, the thermal buckling behavior of composite laminated plates under a uniform temperature distribution is studied. A finite element of four nodes and 32 degrees of freedom (DOF), previously developed for the bending and mechanical buckling of laminated composite plates, is extended to investigate the thermal buckling behavior of laminated composite plates. Based upon the classical plate theory, the present finite element is a combination of a linear isoparametric membrane element and a high precision rectangular Hermitian element. The numerical implementation of the present finite element allowed the comparison of the numerical obtained results with results obtained from the literature: 1) with element of the same order, 2) the first order shear deformation theory, 3) the high order shear deformation theory and 4) the three-dimensional solution. It was found that the obtained results were very close to the reference results and the proposed element offers a good convergence speed. Furthermore, a parametrical study was also conducted to investigate the effect of the anisotropy of composite materials on the critical buckling temperature of laminated plates. The study showed that: 1) the critical buckling temperature generally decreases with the increasing of the modulus ratio E _L/E _T and thermal expansion ratio α _T/α _L, and 2) the boundary conditions and the orientation angles significantly affect the critical buckling temperature of laminated plates.     

Analysis of rectangular laminated composite plates via FSDT meshless method

A meshless approach based on the reproducing kernel particle method is developed for the flexural, free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated composite plates. In this approach, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is employed and the displacement shape functions are constructed using the reproducing kernel approximation satisfying the consistency conditions. The essential boundary conditions are enforced by a singular kernel method. Numerical examples involving various boundary conditions are solved to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Comparison of results with the exact and other known solutions in the literature suggests that the meshless approach yields an effective solution method for laminated composite plates.     

Topology design and analysis of compliant mechanisms with composite laminated plates

To improve the small deformation and high stress level in hinge zones of compliant mechanisms with isotropic material, a topology optimization method of compliant mechanisms with composite laminated plates was proposed. Based on the anisotropy and designability of composite laminated plates, a topology optimization model of compliant mechanisms with composite laminated plates was built to maximize the deformable capability. Numerical examples of designing compliant inverters and grippers were investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The influence mechanism of layer sequences on topologic shapes, deformation and loading capability were also discussed. The results showed that the deformable capability and stress levels of compliant mechanisms with composite laminated plates were further improved by a reasonable configuration of layer sequences.

     

Aide au pré-dimensionnement de structures composites impactées

Help for pre-designing of impacted composite structures. Design of composite structures likely to be impacted is difficult because of the large number of parameters to be considered. To solve this problem experimental design based method was used because it makes it possible to establish empirical polynomials but representative of the mechanical responses studied in the experimental domain explored. The impact loading was simulated by a drop weight set-up on laminated composite plates in glass fiber reinforced polyester matrix in bending configuration. The chosen variables in this study are the span and the width of the panel, the energy of the shock is fixed at 32 J but by using two couples mass–velocity. The following responses were investigated: the force of contact between the striker and the specimen and the out-of-plane displacement histories, the contact duration and the delaminated area. The results show that the contact duration depends on the couple mass–velocity, that the contact force is the addition of the bending and some eigenmodes. From the results the coefficients of the polynomials were calculated.     

A semi-analytical solution for forced vibrations response of rectangular orthotropic plates with various boundary conditions

Orthotropic plates form an essential part of many marine, aerospace, and automobile structures. The recent increase in the use of composite materials for plate-type structures intensified the need for solutions utilizing orthotropic plates. These structural components, in many instances, are subjected to vibration. The main purpose of this paper is to present a semi-analytical analysis of the response of orthotropic plates to forced vibrations with different combinations of boundary conditions subjected to a general distributed excitation. The solution of the partial differential equation was reduced to an iterative sequential solution of ordinary differential equations using extended Kantorovich method. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method were examined through comparison with available literature and was in good agreement with them.     

Free vibration of a laminated composite shell of revolution: Effects of shear non-linearity

Effects of shear non-linearity on free vibration of a laminated composite shell of revolution are investigated using a semi-analytical method based on the Reissner–Mindlin shell theory. The coupling between symmetric and anti-symmetric vibration modes of the shell is considered in the shear deformable shell element employed in this study. The Hahn–Tsai non-linearly elastic shear stress–shear strain relation is adopted. Numerical examples are given for laminated composite circular cylindrical and conical shells with various boundary conditions. The numerical results indicate that shear non-linearity may reduce significantly the fundamental frequencies of cross-ply composite shells of revolution.     

The shear buckling behaviour of thin composite plates with particular reference to the effects of bend–twist coupling

The effect of bend–twist coupling on the shear buckling behaviour of laminated composite plates is examined in this paper using a finite strip procedure. The complex buckled shapes which are associated with shear loading are duly accounted for in the analysis approach through the multi-term facility of the strip formulation employed and, of course, through the appropriate level of structural modelling. The degree of bend–twist coupling in the laminated composite plates is varied by changing the level of anisotropy in the plies and by altering the lay-up configuration of the plies in the laminated stack. Symmetric laminates of a balanced and unbalanced nature are given consideration. It is shown that, for a given degree of anisotropy in the plies of a laminate and for a given laminate thickness, the stacking sequence of the plies significantly alters the degree of bend–twist coupling. The shear buckling performance of composite plates having the same dimensions and being made from the same material are therefore shown in the paper to be quite different. The preclusion of the bend–twist coupling coefficients in the solution procedure of the finite strip method allows the shear buckling orthotropic solution to be determined. Comparisons between the coupled and orthotropic solutions are shown in the paper to be markedly different with respect to critical shear performance level and also buckled mode shape. For square plates or plates with a moderate aspect ratio the influence of bend–twist coupling on buckled mode shape is shown in the paper to be noticeable through increased distortion. For the larger aspect ratio plates it is shown that the presence of bend–twist coupling can cause a complete change in the mode shape from a symmetric to an antisymmetric nature or vice versa. Amplitude modulation is shown in the paper to be clearly evident in the shear buckling mode shapes of long plates.