乡镇制造业企业信息化建设存在的问题及对策分析——以初家集团为例

随着经济全球化速度的加快,企业的竞争环境、发展模式、运行效率与活动空间等都发生了深刻的变化,这些变化对企业提出了严峻的挑战,同时也为企业实现跨越式发展提供了有利的条件和机遇.企业实施信息化可以改善企业的生产、经营、管理和产品开发等各个环节,能够提高企业的生产效率、产品质量和企业的创新能力,并能带动企业实现产品设计方法、设计工具以及管理模式的创新,使企业能够适应快速变化的市场需求,同时提高企业的市场竞争能力.以烟台初家集团有限公司为案例,对信息化建设方面的问题进行进一步的探讨.     

数控加工中刀具的选用

随着数控设备的逐年增加,数控加工逐渐成为零件加工的主要方式,为了提高数控设备的加工精度和效率,首先要合理的选用刀具和切削用量,现在数控加工多采用标准的机夹式刀具,由专业的厂家制造,对于操作者来说主要的任务是选择适合的刀具和切削参数,充分发挥刀具的效能.本文从实际应用的角度出发.详细介绍了数控刀具的种类、选用方法和切削用量的选用原则,对实际生产具有一定的指导意义.     

数控车床技能训练探讨

培养具有较强的数控机床操作技术和处理数控系统的软、硬件故障技能的师资是机电技术教育培养方向的趋势,是社会需求和现代化教育的需要,技能训练关键在于激发学生的学习积极性、求知欲,提高学生的学习兴趣,加强师生之间的交流和探讨,训练的指导,提高训练的教学质量.     

论机械中磨损的几种不同机理

随着科学技术的发展,机械在国民经济生活中占了主导地位,它的发展水平代表了当今社会的生产力水平,代表了当今社会的科学技术水平,磨损作为摩擦的深层表现,在机械中具有很大的危害,了解及掌握磨损机理具有巨大的经济和科学意义.     

捆扎线材图像识别的研究

根据图像处理与识别的方法,文章在不考虑线材由于油污造成的孔洞和线材区域间的粘贴的情况下,利用方向图的方法,成功的实现了线材的分块,然后利用所分模块的特征,实现标准化打捆包装要求和棒材在线快速计数.试验结果验证:这种方法的可行性和有效性.     

改善脆性材料传动轴疲劳强度的方法

传动轴脆性疲劳断裂的突发性和难以预测一直是造成恶性事故的重要原因.通过简单介绍脆性疲劳断裂的特征,断裂力学机理,表明脆性材料所能承受的拉应力及拉应变较低是造成脆性断裂的根本原因,并说明了一种针对这些原因的新方法,即采用抗拉材料提高脆性材料传动轴的疲劳强度,阐述了这种方法在工艺上的可行性及存在的优缺点.     

船舶螺旋桨的偏振和抗冲击稳定性研究

船舶螺旋桨的偏振对螺旋桨叶片的寿命和船体尾部的振动情况有着重要的影响,为了减少螺旋桨偏振、提高其抗冲击稳定性,运用理论分析和实验室模拟测试手段,研究了螺旋桨偏振发生的频段,提出了防范措施,具有广阔的推广应用前景.     

直线式箱体全自动无氟发泡线充注机械手的设计

介绍了直线式全自动箱体发泡线充注机械手的结构及其驱动系统,该系统可直接应用在新箱体发泡线的制造上,又可用在老箱体发泡线的改造上,因此具有极大的推广价值和显著的经济效益.     

建筑施工用配电箱的选用和维护

针对国内建筑施工的实际状况,指出采用安全、可靠性高的建筑施工用配电箱的必要性,就新一代配电箱的选用作了介绍,并叙述了配电箱维护的有关问题.     

基于应变式传感器的料位测控系统

针对水泥等行业中对料位进行实时测量的需求,开发出一种新型的料位测控系统.系统的传感器采用应变式传感器,传感器的核心部分是应变片,通过应变片感测物料的侧压力并获得料位信息.传感器是该系统的关键部分,通过传感器的优化设计可以很好地实现在恶劣环境下的测量工作,很好地解决了在恶劣环境下高粉尘、干扰大等普通测量方法无法解决的问题.采用以MSP430为核心的控制电路,使该系统具有了高速、稳定及实时测量的优点.     

温度传感器中的热传导及其对测温系统的影响

从试验和理论分析两方面对汽车用温度传感器（即感温塞）中的稳定导热问题进行了研究,得到感温塞上的温度分布及温敏元件的真实温度与感温塞浸没于冷却液中深度之间的函数关系;导出温敏元件的耗散系数与接触热阻之间的关系,并分析讨论了诸因素对器件性能及测温系统的影响。     

温度变化的介质中的圆柱体内芯温度的计算

将初始温度分布均匀的圆柱体零件置于恒温箱中,控制箱体内环境温度逐步上升并最终稳定在某一温度。现有的热 传导理论只能解决环境(介质)温度恒定的情况下圆柱体的温度场分布求解,而对于这样的问题则无法处理。本文提出了 在变化的环境(介质)温度条件下计算圆柱体内芯温度以及温度场分布的一种方法。给出了时间分割和计算补偿系数的方 法。并通过实验对理论计算的结果予以了验证。     

Novel Analytical Model of Mean Temperature and Experimental Research on the Rail Universal Rolling

For building the analytical model of mean temperature in rail universal rolling, the cross-section ofworkpieces and the profile of horizontal roll and vertical roll are simplified rationally. The mean temperature of the web of rail, the top of rail and the base of rail are considered individually. The temperature rises for plastic deformation and friction incorresponding deformation zone, the temperature drop for contact is calculated on the base of variation principle and energy conservation law. Then the mean temperature is obtained. For verifying the theoretical model, the 18 kg/m light rail universal rolling experiments are accomplished in Yanshan University Roiling Laboratory, China and the surface temperature is measured. The surface temperature is not exact enough to express the true temperature and the mean temperature can show the status of the true temperature basically. So the mean temperature can be used to express the true temperature and this theoretical model and its results can be applied as an important reference to control the temperature of rail universal rolling and the beat treatment of the rolled rail.     

厚板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场的检测与分析

在焊缝中埋入热电偶,检测了厚板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝不同特征点的温度变化曲线,获得了厚板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度分布的规律。检测结果表明:旋转速度ω和焊接速度v的比值(ω/v)越大,特征点峰值温度越高,同一位置前进侧的特征点峰值温度高于后退侧15℃左右。焊缝厚度方向温度曲线在升温过程中,65 s前曲线的斜率基本相同,65 s后上表面的曲线斜率最大。在降温过程中,上表面的降温快于下表面,130 s后上表面温度低于下表面。     

高温混合工质空气源热泵性能试验研究

针对空气源热泵在制取高温热水时遇到的排气温度高、排气压力高、效率低等问题,采用环保混合工质BMR来降低排气温度和排气压力,并采用中间补气结构来改善热泵在高温加热段的性能。试验结果表明,80℃出水时压缩机的排气温度和排气压力得到有效控制,排气温度不超过106℃,排气压力不超过2.7MPa,并且整个过程中制热量较平稳。实现了高温热泵高效稳定运行。     

禽蛋工业化腌制温度控制方法设计

为提高禽蛋腌制的工业化水平,确保腌制液温度稳定和产品品质,以禽蛋腌制温度控制为研究对象,设计了一种温度控制系统.该温度控制系统主要包括腌制箱、电加热炉、温度传感器和调压模块等.利用调压模块改变电加热管功率进而调整炉水温度,通过换热器调节腌制装置内部腌制液的温度.基于三阶滑模变结构设计了一种温度控制器,引入辅助变量项构建三阶微分动态方程,可消除传统滑模控制存在的抖振问题.仿真和试验结果表明,与常规 PID 控制相比,三阶滑模控制在稳定性、超调量和调节时间等方面均具有一定优势.腌制温度更加平稳,温度调节更加迅速,温差比较小,实际温度和设定温度之间的偏差小于 ０.５℃ .     

Machine tool selected point temperature rise identification based on operational thermal modal analysis

A new method to fast identify machine tool selected point temperature rise is presented. Based on operational thermal modal analysis, a temperature rise curve of each machine tool selected point can be obtained, and thermal equilibrium time and steady-state temperature can be calculated based on the measured temperature data during a short time of a warm-up run. The major advantage of this approach is to predict selected point temperature rise of the machine tool in the short test period of time like half an hour instead of 3 to 6-h running test in practice. A spindle system model is analyzed in ANSYS software, and the simulation temperature data of several selected points are treated as the measured temperature. By dealing with the assuming measurement temperature based on the new method, the effectiveness of the method is verified and how to get the minimal time for identification is also illustrated. At last, the temperature rise test in the vertical machining center has been done. The temperature rise of the selected point has been identified in 26.35 min while the time of obtaining the temperature rise curve from the start-up of machine tool to the temperature steady-state machine tool reaching in practice is 320 min. The root mean squared error (RMSE) between the estimated and measured temperature is 0.107 °C, and the error between the estimated and measured steady-state temperature is 0.155 °C. So this method is proven to be effective and quick for identifying the machine tool selected point temperature rise. Furthermore, it has universal applicability due to the validation in the different spindles.     

On the measurement of temperature and recovery factor in high-speed subsonic duct flow

The measurement of temperature in compressible flows is complicated by the fact that the dynamic component of temperature can be significant and may be difficult to discern from the sensor temperature. A so-called recovery temperature is measured when only a portion of the dynamic temperature is recovered at the sensor. Since it is normally the static (thermodynamic) temperature that is sought, it is essential to convert the temperature measured by a sensor into static temperature or, alternatively, to understand what the sensor temperature represents. To this end, experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations have been conducted for moderate Mach number (0.3 < Ma < 0.6) airflow through a narrow duct (tube) wherein the temperature measured by a simple thermistor sensor is compared to the total temperature simultaneously measured by a highly-accurate instrument. An analytical approach is then presented to evaluate the local static temperature and recovery factor from measurements of mass flowrate, total temperature and local static pressure. The results show that the recovery factor is dependent on whether the sensor tip is aligned with the tube inner wall or protruding into the airflow. The results also confirm that accurate results are obtained for static temperature derived using the proposed approach.     

基于AD590的温度智能控制系统的设计

设计基于温度传感器的婴儿智能看护系统,采用温度传感器AD590采集温度数据,用单片机控制温度值稳定在预设范围。当婴儿皮肤和衣服之间的温度低于预设温度值下限时系统启动电暖,当这个温度高于预设温度值上限时系统断开电暖。如果婴儿体表温度出现异常状况时系统发出声音报警提醒看护人进行相关处理。     

激光熔覆过程中的粉、气、光耦合温度场

激光熔覆过程中,粉末到达基体表面前存在粉、气、光的耦合温度场.建立了送粉过程中粉、气、光耦合温度场的三维数值模型.耦合温度场的研究结果表明:激光功率是影响耦合温度的主要因素,载粉气是影响耦合温度场的主要因素;温度场的红外测温仪实测结果与仿真结果基本相符.