草地鼠害及其防控

对内蒙古自治区分布的鼠类和太仆寺旗鼠类发生现状和危害以及鼠害成因进行了调查和分析,研究形成了草地鼠害"化学(含生物制剂)防治、不育剂调控、生态控制、天敌利用和局部物理方法灭鼠"的综合防控策略和技术。提出了"完善鼠害预警体系和加强灭鼠培训,实现草地良性循环"的建议。     

雁门关生态畜牧经济区草地鼠类防控技术措施

雁门关生态畜牧经济区是山西省鼠害多发区,共计有6科15属19种不同鼠类,对当地畜牧业造成了很大危害。群众急需科学有效的灭鼠技术。为此,笔者归纳总结了6条草地鼠类总体控制策略,5条地面活动鼠类的主要防治措施,5条地下活动鼠类的主要防治措施,4条村落、庭院等居民生活区鼠类的主要防治措施和4条辅助措施。为群众科学灭鼠提供技术指导,保障当地牧草生产和畜牧业的健康发展。     

汾西县扁桃林区一种不伤害鸟类的毒饵灭鼠技术

普通灭鼠方法容易伤及鸟类等非靶标动物,破坏生物多样性。本实验以鼠类能取食而鸟类等非靶标动物无法取食的灭鼠毒饵进行灭鼠试验,研究不伤害鸟类的灭鼠毒饵的制作和筛选配制毒饵的饵料,避免鸟类等非靶标动物免受灭鼠毒饵伤害,保护生物多样性。试验结果显示,试验采用的当地出产的A坚果、B坚果和C坚果制成的灭鼠毒饵,灭鼠效果相近,但使用B坚果时杀鼠剂利用率最高,对环境造成的污染较少,所以实际灭鼠时应优先选择B坚果制作杀鼠剂毒饵灭鼠。     

隰县野鼠群落中四种害鼠数量比例的变动研究

黄土高原残塬沟壑区隰县共有12种鼠类,农区地面夜行性鼠类群落由8种鼠类组成。近些年由于当地种植业结构调整、林果业发展、除草剂使用、退耕还林以及天敌增多等原因,农区的地面优势鼠种发生了改变。文章将1985年—2014年间4种主要害鼠在野鼠群落中数量比例的变动进行了分析研究,明确了农区地面夜行性鼠类群落的优势鼠种已由20世纪80年代和90年代的古北界鼠种子午沙鼠和大仓鼠演替成为目前的东洋界鼠种社鼠和古北界鼠种长尾仓鼠,并对优势鼠种演替的原因进行了分析,为当地的农业生产和生态建设过程中灭鼠措施和方法的调整提供了科学依据。     

鼠类研究标本制作的测量和剥皮方法

鼠类研究标本是鼠类形态学研究和分类鉴定等方面的关键材料,也是鼠类科学研究和试验的资料,而鼠类研究标本制作的测量和剥皮方法则是鼠类研究标本制作的基础。文章对鼠类研究标本制作中的常用药品、器具和材料以及鼠体称量与记录、鼠体的剥皮方法等初期工作进行了整理介绍,并在剥皮过程中的难点和关键地方配有插图进行辅助说明,用于指导鼠类研究标本的测量和剥皮工作。     

环保型防鼠防蚁尼龙护套电缆的研制

人们对电线电缆环保性能要求日益提高,本文针对目前防鼠防蚁电缆存在添加刺激性、毒性化学制剂的现状,提出了新型环保防鼠防蚁电缆结构,即物理法代替化学法实现电缆的防鼠防蚁特性,并成功实现了产品。该电缆护套采用三层材料复合结构,满足电缆的电气、机械性能,更兼顾了护套的防鼠防蚁性能。其中,尼龙护套层具有稳定的化学性能、优异的机械性能和电气性能,是防鼠防蚁的关键结构,但其挤出性能很差,这也是产品实现的难点,通过对尼龙材料挤出性能的分析,设计了特殊的挤出顺序和挤出方式,并针对设备进行充分的前期准备工作,经过多次试制,完成了尼龙和HDPE的双层共挤,实现了三层复合护套环保型防鼠防蚁电缆的研制。     

山西省鼠类主要天敌——鼬类的分布与数量估测

山西省分布有鼬科动物10种.其中3种獾类即猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、狗獾(Meles meles)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata)是杂食性动物,水獭(Lutra lutra)以鱼类为主食,虎鼬(Vormela pregusna)与石貂(Mcrtes foina)在山西省分布不广、数量稀少,因此能称得上山西省鼠类主要天敌的鼬类动物只有4种,即黄鼬(Mustela sibirica moupi nensis)、艾鼬(Mustela eversmanni)、香鼬(Mustela altaica)和青鼬(Martes flavigula),它们均以鼠类为主要食物,是山西省小型食肉兽类中分布最广、数量最多的天敌动物,也是山西省自然界中制约鼠类孳生蔓延、控制鼠传疾病流行的的一个不可忽视的自然因子.20世纪90年代,我们在调查中曾发现一对鼬类(黄鼬)的捕食与频繁活动,对降低周围近百亩农林区(1亩=0.067 hm2)的鼠密度有着显著作用.天敌灭鼠具有不污染环境、不破坏生态平衡、不受地形地貌限制、不受天气影响和时间限制等优势,尤其是整个冬天几乎全靠猎杀鼠类充饥,这对减少翌年春季鼠类的繁殖数目无疑有很大的好处.因此,鼬类在自然界中对控制农林牧业鼠害起着重要作用.查明山西省鼠类主要天敌——鼬类动物资源,为明确各地生态系统中制约鼠类的生物因子和了解当地生物多样性提供理论依据、对合理控制鼠害、预防鼠传疾病的发生及维护当地生态平衡都具有重要意义.     

汾西旱作农业区扁桃林鼠类的采集与浸泡标本的制作

鼠类科研离不开鼠类的采集和标本的制作,汾西旱作农业区扁桃林鼠类的采集是扁桃林鼠类研究的最基础工作。文章对鼠类采集到浸泡标本制作技术进行了介绍。鼠类采集主要介绍了捕捉地面害鼠的笼捕法和夹捕法以及采集地下害鼠的箭针法,其中夹捕法介绍了四种不同类型的夹捕工具。同时介绍了浸泡标本的制作方法。为便于读者阅读理解,配置了部分插图。     

柳林县鼠类研究标本制作的充填和整形方法

鼠类研究标本是鼠类科学研究和实验的资料,更是鼠类形态学研究和分类鉴定等方面的关键材料,而目前介绍鼠类研究标本制作方法的文章很少。文章就柳林县鼠类研究标本制作的充填和整形方法进行了整理介绍,并在充填和整形的难点和关键地方配有插图进行辅助说明,用于指导柳林县鼠类研究标本制作的充填和整形工作。     

山西省大仓鼠的分布及其数量比例的变动研究

大仓鼠(Tscherskia triton)是山西省分布广泛的农田主要害鼠,文章对大仓鼠的生态习性、分布和在鼠类群落中数量比例的变动情况进行了调查研究,对其变动原因进行了分析。研究结果表明:大仓鼠在山西省大部分区域均有分布;从20世纪90年代至2014年的20多年间,大仓鼠在鼠群落中数量比例下降,由24.36%下降为7.89%。但2015年至2018年,该鼠在鼠群落中数量比例又上升,达到15.96%。     

渐开线型零件切削加工运动设计

从涡旋压缩机转子和定子粗加工比较困难的实际出发,对渐开线形成的惯用方法进行了改造并应用于铣床,从而得出几种利用普通铣床加工渐开线型零件的方法,进而对该加工方法中的辅助运行进行了分析。     

浅谈等级公路养护对安全行车的影响

详细论述了我省由于长期处于等级公路建设高峰期,形成了重建轻养的习惯性思维,注重时效性、经济性,等级公路的养护也就难于引起人们更多的关注,加之我省又是一个能源大省,公路运输起着关键的作用,大吨位的车辆遍地都是,必然对于我们的公路使用寿命和使用质量造成毁灭破坏。要想从根本上解决这一问题就应该从对公路的养护上下功夫。     

论山西地方农书《马首农言》中的害鼠

山西地方农书《马首农言》中记载了一百多年前寿阳地区的害鼠花鼠(Eutamias sibiricus Haxmann)和中华鼢鼠(Myospalax fontanieri Milne-Edwards),书中花鼠谓之"各犁",中华鼢鼠谓之"黑老"。2011年在寿阳农区的鼠害调查共查到当地鼠类8种,其中家鼠2种,田鼠6种,就包括有《马首农言》中提到的两种田鼠。笔者分别对这两种田鼠的生态习性和防治方法进行了介绍。并对一百多年前《马首农言》记录上述两种田鼠的原因进行了讨论。     

Fine structure of the vomeronasal and septal olfactory epithelia and of glandular structures.

The vomeronasal and septal olfactory organs are two neurosensory structures in the mammalian nasal septum which are poorly understood relative to the main olfactory system. The vomeronasal organ is a paired, blind-ending tubular structure that opens rostrally into the nasal cavity in some species and into the incisive ducts in others. When present in mammals, the septal olfactory organ is an island of olfactory mucosa positioned such that it is in the primary air pathway in the caudal portion of the nasal cavity. Mammalian nasal glands, with a diverse histochemical and ultrastructural morphology, secrete a variety of substances onto the mucosal surface. One of these substances, odorant binding protein, localized in bovine nasal glands and lateral nasal glands of rodents, may be important in the capture and conveyance of odorant molecules to olfactory receptors. The objectives of this paper are to present original data while reviewing the literature on the ultrastructure of vomeronasal and septal olfactory neuroepithelia, and of vomeronasal, bovine nasal, and lateral nasal glands. Nasal tissues from pigs, calves, and hamsters were prepared for electron microscopy. Neurosensory epithelia of the porcine vomeronasal organ and the hamster septal olfactory organ are similar to that described for the vomeronasal and septal olfactory organs of other mammals. Bovine nasal and rodent lateral nasal glands consist of subregions which differ morphologically; the most abundant acinar cell type in the bovine nasal gland contains lightly electron dense secretory granules while that of the rodent lateral nasal gland contains both small electron dense and large, electron lucent granules. The porcine vomeronasal gland contains numerous small, dense granules of a diverse morphology.     

烟草燃烧行为的研究进展

烟草的燃烧过程复杂,学者们利用热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（PY-GC-MS）、热重分析仪（TG）和热重-红外-气质（TG-IR-GC-MS）联用等热分析技术,从不同方面对烟草的燃烧行为进行研究。本文综述了国内外有关烟草燃烧行为的研究进展,分别从燃烧机理、燃烧行为学、热分析计算模型以及研究烟草燃烧所采用的热分析技术这四个方面进行了概述。并对研究烟草燃烧行为方面进行了总结和展望。     

Downregulation in the human and mice cerebella after ketamine versus ketamine plus ethanol treatment

To study the deleterious effects of ketamine and the potential interaction effects between ethanol and ketamine on the cerebellum, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tests were performed on the habitual ketamine users (n = 3) when they flexed and extended their upper limbs. Another fMRI test was performed on the same participants in which they consumed alcohol (12%, 200 mL) 1 h before the test. Downregulation on the activity of cerebellum was observed and the level of activation in the cerebellum decreased dramatically in habitual ketamine users with alcohol consumption before the test. Further studies were performed by using male ICR mice receiving treatment of ketamine only [30 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or ethanol only everyday (0.5 mL 12% orally) and those with coadministration of the above dosages of ketamine and ethanol for 3 months. Fewer Purkinje cells were observed in the cerebellar sections of ketamine treated mice under silver staining. For TUNEL test, a significant increase in the apoptotic cells were observed in the cerebella of the ketamine treated mice (P = 0.016) and of those with co-administration of ketamine and ethanol (P < 0.001), when compared with the control. A statistical significance (P < 0.001) in two-way ANOVA test indicated that there might be an interactive mechanism between ethanol and ketamine acting on the cerebellum.     

基于有限状态机的宠物机器人行为建模

宠物机器人的行为是机器人扮演宠物的重要内容。对宠物机器人行为的研究并进行有效的建模仿真，有助于提高宠物机器人的功能以及机器人的研制。目前尚无针对该领域的专门研究和专项理论。该文阐述了基于有限状态机理论（FSM），利用MATLAB中Stateflow工具箱对宠物机器人的行为进行统一的描述和建模的方法，并以步态行为为例进行了具体描述和建模，对宠物机器人行为领域的研究作了有效尝试。基于该方法的成果为进一步联合仿真分析提供了简浩的状态逻辑策略。     

微型机械力学行为的分子动力学模拟研究进展

介绍了国外分子动力学模拟在微型机械力学行为分析中的研究进展;阐述了分子动力学模拟的基本方程、分子动力学的算法以及应用于微型机械力学行为分析中的势函数等.最后介绍了几个在微型机械力学行为分析中应用分子动力学模拟的例子.     

Behavioral and performance analysis of feeding system using stochastic reward nets

This paper presents an approach based on Petri nets for studying the behavior of a real industrial system and evaluating its performance. Stochastic reward nets, a class of high level Petri nets, have been used to model dynamic interaction among active or standby equipment in the system, and the performance parameters have been evaluated using Markovian approach. The performance analysis of the system in long-run conditions is carried out using the data related to equipment’s operational behavior of a real industrial system. The methodology adopted in this paper provides a better understanding of the behavior of the system under varying operating conditions. Reliability analysis of a feeding system of a paper industry presented in this paper will help the management in deciding upon the maintenance strategy to be adopted to improve the performance of the system and consequently reduce the operation and maintenance cost.     

Chronic intrathecal infusions after spinal cord injury cause scarring and compression

Intrathecal infusions are used in a number of rodent studies to deliver substances to the injured spinal cord. Whereas this method has been successful in certain paradigms, two potential limitations of this model have not been extensively reported: (1) scar formation at the catheter tip, which can lead to infusion failure, and (2) damage to the spinal cord caused by the catheter itself. Thus, the purpose of the present study was threefold: (1) to determine intrathecal infusion efficiency over 14 days following spinal cord injury; (2) to examine possible secondary damage caused by intrathecal tubing; and (3) to explore whether alternative protocols that avoid such damage are effective. Adult Fischer 344 rats were subjected to spinal cord lesions at T7, followed by placement of an intrathecal catheter attached to an Alzet minipump. Seven or 14 days following injury and catheter placement, tube patency was evaluated by diffusion of Evans Blue dye from the minipump. Results indicate that infusion was efficient 7 days following injury but was markedly reduced after 14 days. Further, histology and immunocytochemistry 14 days after injury demonstrated compression damage to the cord where the tubing rested. Alternative protocols, including intrathecal infusions through metal cannulae, or "drip" infusions directly over the lesion, did not improve delivery. These data suggest that results from rodent studies using infusion from catheters placed adjacent to lesion sites may be attributable to acute or subacute effects of the delivered substance. Future rodent studies using intrathecal infusions should include rigorous evaluation of infusion efficiency and possible secondary tissue damage.