单像素复振幅成像及实验分析

光场的光强信息和相位信息成像在医学、光学测量、三维成像等领域至关重要。设计了一种无需参考光束即可实现光场复振幅成像的单像素成像系统。该成像系统通过相位型光学掩模对光场信息进行调制，利用无分辨率的光电探测器探测调制后的光强信息，应用phaselift算法恢复光场的光强与相位信息。利用单像素成像系统对衍射光场及透明聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)薄膜物体进行了成像实验，从成像结果中可以清晰看到衍射环的光强信息与相位信息。实验中物体薄膜的相位差为0.053，刻线宽度为220 μm，实验得到图像相位差为0.046和刻线宽度为256 μm，与传统检测手段得到的图像信息非常接近。该系统的成像光路无需参考光束，系统简单便于集成，促进了便携式成像系统的发展，可应用于宽光谱成像，在光场复振幅成像方面具有较大发展潜力。     

应用压缩传感理论的单像素相机成像系统

采用稀疏二进制矩阵作为测量矩阵完成了单像素相机对不同场景的拍摄。基于压缩传感理论设计的单像素相机,利用数字微镜阵列和单个探测元件实现高分辨率图像的拍摄,将图像采集和压缩合二为一,减少了数据,降低了系统规模、复杂度和成本。对测量矩阵进行了分析,给出了二进制测量矩阵精确重构条件。搭建了硬件实验平台,采用稀疏二进制测量矩阵,对笔划复杂度不同的"中"字、"国"字和复杂实物这3种不同的场景进行了拍摄实验,利用梯度投影重构算法重构出目标图像,图像分辨率为数字微镜阵列大小。实验结果显示,对于3种不同场景,在测量次数为目标图像像素总数的20%～30%时,能精确重构出目标图像,表明单像素相机能实现高分辨率图像的拍摄。     

自适应Radon单像素成像

使用单像素探测器实现成像需要大量采样。对于目标区域仅占场景一部分的情况时,我们提出了自适应Radon单像素成像方法,能够使用单像素探测器实现目标区域的定位和成像。本文对该方法的目标定位方式、编码采样算法、重建算法等进行研究,以减少单像素成像的采样数量。基于Radon变换的基本原理,使用图像在水平和垂直方向的投影信息,以获取场景中目标区域的大小和位置。建立自适应Radon-Hadamard单像素成像模型,仅对目标区域进行单像素采样,然后使用滤波反投影技术重建目标区域。研究结果表明:所提出的自适应Radon单像素成像方法能够实现对场景中目标区域的成像,采样数量远低于重建图像的分辨率,重建图像的结构相似性系数大于95%,有效的提高了单像素成像方法的成像效率。     

光电经纬仪单杆数据采集系统设计与实现

为满足对光电经纬仪进行人工控制的需求,结合现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)器件XC3S200型芯片与一款高速的模数转换(A/D)芯片AD7864-2提出了一套光电经纬仪单杆数据采集系统的设计方法.在介绍AD7864-2工作方式的基础上给出了系统硬件和软件的设计方案,通过对单杆的实验采样证明其采样效果良好,能够满足主控计算机对数据采集系统的要求.     

光电成像系统的性能优化

探讨了光学系统和阵列探测器构成的光电成像系统的整体性能和优化设计问题。针对阵列探测器的不断快速更新换代,研究了如何对光学系统进行改进以优化光电成像系统的性能。从采样成像系统的取样定理出发,研究了光电成像系统的传递函数特性,讨论了采样成像系统的相位平均传递函数,分析了光电成像系统的加工与使用误差对传递函数的影响。同时,给出了光电成像系统的信噪比计算公式。文中提出用于遥感观测的大型光电成像系统的光学系统传递函数的归一化空间频率等于0.5左右可与阵列探测器的奈奎斯特频率相匹配。结果显示,如此设计可在满足信噪比的同时使传递函数在奈奎斯特频率处达到0.1左右,分辨率达到奈奎斯特频率并且不产生频谱混叠效应。     

航拍红外成像系统中补偿扫描镜的设计

近年来,由于技术的发展和探测器水平的提高,红外成像在军民领域的使用日益广泛。通过被动接受目标发出的红外热辐射,红外成像系统能够实现全天候工作,搭载红外相机进行航空摄影,可以得到地面目标的航拍红外图像,为环境监测、资源勘探、农林普查与军事侦察等领域提供宝贵信息。目前国际市场上能够自由采购的红外探测器的面阵规模为640×512像素,而由于航拍时飞行高度较高,为保证图像分辨率,用于航拍的红外相机往往采用长焦镜头,基于这种小面阵的探测器可以实现瞬时视场100μrad的高分辨率,但受限于面阵规模,成像的视场较小。     

高速等比例图像采集处理系统设计

提出了一种基于FPGA与DSP的高速等比例图像采集处理系统的设计方法,通过对相机曝光频率与被拍摄物体的运动进行同步以达到等比例地采集物体表面图像信息的目的,并以高计算性能的数字信号处理器DM642为图像处理核心,通过其内部集成的PCI接口将图像数据传输到PCI主机上。提出了一种通用的图像数据采集处理流程,采用双缓存机制,使得图像数据的传输与处理同时进行,充分利用系统资源,提高系统实时性。     

基于3线阵探测器的亚像元成像超分辨率重构

虽然增加探测器的时间和空间采样频率可以提高亚像元成像系统空间分辨率,但探测器采集到的数据易发生混叠,使重构得到的图像的分辨率无法达到理想值。本文以3片线阵探测器亚像元成像为基础,提出一种超分辨率重构算法。首先,在高分辨率网格上建立插值模型;然后,辨识插值重构图像在线阵列方向和扫描方向的模糊核,得到整幅图像的模糊核;最后,采用带有Neumman边界条件的梯度平滑正则化模型去除模糊,抑制振铃效应。实验结果表明,该算法使亚像元成像系统分辨率为单线阵探测器无过采样成像系统分辨率的2.6倍;与双线性插值法相比,平均灰度等级(GMG)提高了7.71。该算法可以进一步实现对更多片线阵探测器亚像元成像的超分辨率重构,获取更高的系统分辨率。     

基于雪崩光电二极管阵列的化学发光测量系统设计

以开发便携式化学发光免疫分析仪为应用目标,进行了基于雪崩击穿光电二极管阵列（SiPM）化学发光测量系统软硬件平台的设计。系统采用ARM9为主处理器,负责数据分析、无线通信与人机交互界面功能的实现;采用FPGA控制高速A/D转换器进行信号采集和数据缓存;具体进行了各功能模块之间的接口设计。     

显微高光谱成像系统的设计

设计出一种基于棱镜 光栅 棱镜组合分光方式的显微高光谱成像实验系统.系统根据推帚式成像光谱仪的原理进行设计,采用棱镜 光栅 棱镜组合元件在后光学系统进行光谱分光,利用高精度载物台自动装置驱动样品进行推扫成像,选用PCI总线作为数据采集的微机接口.整个系统由显微镜、分光计、面阵CCD相机、载物台自动装置以及数据采集与控制模块等几部分组成.系统的光谱范围从400nm到800nm,120个波段,光谱分辨率优于5nm,空间分辨率大约1μm.该系统具有直视性、光谱分辨率高、结构紧凑、成本低等优点;不仅能够提供微小物体在可见光范围的单波段显微图像,而且能够获得图像中任一像素的光谱曲线,实现了光谱技术和显微成像技术的结合,成功的将成像光谱技术应用到显微领域,可广泛应用于临床医学、生物学、材料学、微电子学等学科领域.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

5083H111轧制铝合金的低周疲劳行为

在室温下对5083H111轧制铝合金板三个典型方向——轧制方向(RD方向)、与轧制方向成45°角方向(MD方向)、垂直于轧制方向(TD方向)的试样进行了单轴对称应变控制的低调疲劳试验,研究了不同方向试样的循环变形行为和疲劳寿命差异。结果表明:铝合金板在三个方向上都表现出了明显的循环硬化特性,即在恒定的应变幅下,三个方向的响应应力幅均随着循环次数的增加而增大,并且外加应变幅越大,响应应力幅也越大;三个方向的低周疲劳ε-Nf曲线差别不明显;三参数幂函数寿命模型可以很好地预测5083H111铝合金的低周疲劳寿命。