振弦式陀螺频率检测结构设计与振动分析

针对微陀螺高精度和微型化的发展趋势,依据振弦式陀螺的工作原理建立了振弦式陀螺频率检测数学模型;应用ANSYS软件分析了陀螺检测结构参数影响,优化了振弦式陀螺整体结构并建立了振动响应仿真分析。结果表明振弦式陀螺驱动结构振动响应随着驱动力的增大,驱动响应位移量也随之增大,且驱动力与位移量之间具有很好的线性关系,可以很好地控制振弦式陀螺框架驱动力,优化振弦式陀螺结构尺寸,从而验证了振弦式陀螺电磁驱动与频率检测方案模型的可行性。     

全对称振动陀螺的结构设计与参数优化分析

针对振动陀螺的高性能和微型化发展趋势,研制了一种新型的全对称振动陀螺。依据振动陀螺工作原理,并采用压电驱动和压电检测的工作方式,建立了全对称振动陀螺整体的结构模型,通过有限元方法,进行了模态分析,找到了压电片、横梁结构参数及中心质量柱对陀螺模态频率的影响规律,得到了优化的结构参数(横梁:9 mm×2 mm×0.5 mm;中心质量柱4 mm×4mm×10 mm),并完成了样机制作和试验验证。结果表明:振动陀螺的模态频率随着横梁的长、宽、厚和中心质量柱的高均有规律变化,当材料一定时,可以通过改变陀螺的结构参数达到模态匹配的效果。该陀螺的工作原理和结构设计是合理可行的,具有较好的应用前景。研究工作对其他固态振动陀螺的结构设计和参数优化提供了参考。     

电容式环形微机电振动陀螺的设计

针对环形振动陀螺结构对称、模态特性参数相同与抗干扰特性好的特点,提出了一种新型的电容式环形微机电振动陀螺。设计了S形弹性支撑梁形式的硅基环形振动陀螺敏感结构,并仿真分析了陀螺的工作模态与幅频响应特性。根据环形振动陀螺的动力学特性,研究了陀螺的机电接口形式与硅基电极的设置方法,建立了硅基电极的电学参数模型与陀螺的角速度敏感模型。基于深离子刻蚀技术设计了简单可行的传感器制备流程,并成功制备了陀螺的敏感结构。实验测试结果显示,该环形微机电振动陀螺驱动与检测模态的谐振频率分别为9 028.86Hz与9 036.15Hz,品质因数分别为25 051与25 026,标度因数为0.589 7mV/((°)·s~(-1))。实验结果验证了陀螺设计与研究方法的正确性,为高性能硅基微机电陀螺的研制提供了一种可行的方案。     

振动轮式微机械陀螺动态特性光学测试方法研究

振动轮式微机械陀螺尺寸小、振动频率高,为了精确评价其动态特性,建立了基于高速摄像技术、显微技术与数字图像相关技术的光学测试系统。配有光学显微镜的高速摄像设备(32000fps)记录并保存被测物瞬时序列图像,根据被测物的角振动特性设计相应的图像相关计算方法以获得振子各时刻的运动位移,并通过位移时间曲线分析振子的固有频率、阻尼系数及品质因子等动态特性参数。实验结果显示,图像相关精度达0.01像素,频率测量误差小于0.01%。高精度地测量了振动轮式微机械陀螺的动态特性,为微结构动态特性的研究提供了一个有效方法。     

微机械振动环陀螺

为了减小振动环驱动模态和检测模态的频率差从而提高陀螺性能,提出了一种采用电磁驱动、电磁检测的全对称振动环陀螺结构。采用MEMS体硅工艺完成该微机械振动环陀螺的加工,其结构在保持镜像对称的同时,还保持了中心对称,因此整个结构高度对称,有利于减小模态频率差。为有效跟踪陀螺驱动模态的谐振频率并稳定驱动模态的幅值,设计了闭环驱动控制电路。该电路由低噪声前置放大器、相位调整环节以及自动增益放大器(VGA)组成。测试结果表明,该陀螺两个模态频率差为0.27 Hz,实现了频率较好的匹配。在±200 °/s,测得陀螺灵敏度为8.9 mV/(°/s),分辨力为0.05 °/s,非线性度为0.23%。     

振动条件下陀螺稳定平台漂移大的分析研究

系统分析了随机振动对陀螺稳定平台性能的影响。提出振动条件下机械谐振是导致陀螺漂移变大从而影响陀螺稳定平台漂移的重要因素。进而改进振动夹具以避开谐振频率的方寨。最后通过对陀螺稳定平台系统的模态仿真和试验验证了理论分析的正确性和改进措施的有效．巨。改善了稳定平台的振动测试性能。     

基于激光多普勒的杯形波动陀螺频率裂解测量

频率裂解是杯形波动陀螺的关键技术指标,对陀螺性能有着重要影响,因此设计测试方案对其进行准确测量十分必要。根据陀螺的工作原理,设计了扫频激励、单频激励2种激励方案,在周向不同方位实现陀螺的激振;利用激光多普勒测振仪采集陀螺的振动信号,解算出陀螺的谐振频率,实现频率裂解的非接触式检测;在此基础上,对陀螺低频轴和高频轴进行了区分。实验表明,两种激励方案的测量结果具有较好的可重复性和一致性,可以实现陀螺频率裂解的准确测量。     

动调陀螺组合体减振器的模态分析

使用有限元软件MSC／NASTRAN对动调陀螺组合体进行了模态分析与研究，并给出了陀螺组合体的15阶模态频率和振型。分析结果表明，陀螺组合体前6阶模态频率对其整体振动有很大的影响，同时验证了陀螺组合体的固有频率将远离外界激振频率，不会因为受到外界频率的激振而发生工作失效。     

高Q值微机电陀螺的快速起振控制

针对高Q值微机电陀螺的快速起振问题,研究其驱动轴控制方法。分析了高Q值谐振器的振动相位随频率的变化率,阐明了锁相环方案启动时间长且对初始频率偏差敏感的原因。用平均法推导了自激振荡方案下起振初始阶段振幅随时间的变化规律。提出了"自激-锁相"驱动轴控制方案,先采用自激振荡方式使陀螺快速起振,再转为锁相环方式使振动频率精确稳定。经实验测试,采用锁相环方案,当初始频率偏差在±10 Hz以内,陀螺的启动时间为2s;采用自激-锁相方案,只要初始频率偏差在±1 000Hz以内,陀螺均可在0.3s内达到频率误差小于0.01%,在0.4s内达到振幅误差小于0.1%。"自激-锁相"方案大幅度缩短了陀螺的启动时间,而且对陀螺初始频率的设置偏差不敏感,对环境温度变化的适应性好,适用于微机电陀螺的批量生产。     

压电电极对圆杯形陀螺振子振动特性影响分析

压电电极作为圆杯形谐振陀螺的驱动及检测换能器,直接影响振子的振动特性及陀螺性能.针对合金振子的振动特性,建立了压电电极的机电耦合模型,通过有限元方法重点分析了不同结构尺寸的压电电极对谐振子谐振频率、频率裂解、输出增益及等效应力的影响,得到了优化结构参数(8 mm ×2 mm×0.3 mm),并进行了试验验证.结果表明:电极结构变化对谐振子的谐振频率和频率裂解的影响都很小,分别在10 Hz和2 Hz以内,而对输出增益和应力的影响随长、宽、厚有规律变化.研究工作为陀螺电极设计、陀螺性能提高提供了依据.     

Torque detected broad band electron spin resonance

We present a novel technique to measure high frequency electron spin resonance spectra in a broad frequency range (30-1440 GHz) with high sensitivity. We use a quasioptical setup with tunable frequency sources to induce magnetic resonance transitions. These transitions are detected by measuring the change in the magnetic torque signal by means of cantilever torque magnetometry. The setup allows tuning of the frequency, magnetic field, polarization, and the angle between the sample and the external magnetic field. We demonstrate the capabilities of this technique by showing preliminary results obtained on a single crystal of an Fe(4) molecular nanomagnet.     

螺旋弹簧悬架车辆振动的波动理论建模及频响分析

针对车辆建模不能完全反映高频振动的情况,应用古典振动理论及冲击波动理论,对螺旋弹簧悬架车辆的振动进行模拟并对响应进行分析。提出用冲击波动力学分析车辆振动的理论依据,推导螺旋弹簧应力波波阻的表达式,由此建立车辆的波阻力及变形力振动模型。通过冲击波影响螺旋弹簧的长度及其对应的质量,建立了螺旋弹簧惯性力及变形力车辆振动模型,综合多种因素,建立螺旋弹簧悬架车辆振动的波动理论模型,探讨了模型的求解方法,并对各种模型从理论和解法两个方面进行对比。仿真验证冲击波动理论模型与古典振动理论模型在低频段的一致性及弥补后者不能表达高频振动的缺陷。提出了在波动理论下螺旋弹簧多参数的应用方法及悬架高频响应的模拟方法。     

高频窄脉冲电流微细电解加工

微细电解加工是微细加工领域很有发展前景的微细加工技术之一。适合于微细电解加工的装置被研制出来, 它包括机床进给机构、线电极电火花磨削在线制作微细电极装置、短路检测模块、脉冲电源及其他一些辅助装置, 其中,高频窄脉冲电源是微细电解加工最重要的核心技术之一。根据微细电解加工的特点,设计了微细电解加工 MOSFET脉冲电源,该微能脉冲电源能很好地满足微细电解加工的要求。运用该微细电解加工装置进行加工试验, 在低的加工电压和低的钝化电解液浓度条件下,利用高速旋转的微细电极加工微小孔和像小铣刀一样进行微细电解铣削加工微结构,得到了满意的工艺效果,因而进一步说明电解加工在微细加工领域很有发展潜力。     

Digital Stroboscopic Holography Setup for Deformation Measurement at Both Quasi-Static and Acoustic Frequencies

A setup for digital stroboscopic holography that combines the advantages of full-field digital holographic interferometry with a high temporal resolution is presented. The setup can be used to identify and visualize complicated vibrational patterns with nanometer amplitudes, ranging from quasi-static to high frequency vibrations. By using a high-energy pulsed laser, single-shot holograms can be recorded and stability issues are avoided. Results are presented for an acoustically stimulated rubber membrane and the technique is evaluated by means of an accuracy and a repeatability test. The presented technique offers wide application possibilities in areas such as biomechanics and industrial testing.     

A high sensitivity ultralow temperature RF conductance and noise measurement setup

We report on the realization of a high sensitivity RF noise measurement scheme to study small current fluctuations of mesoscopic systems at milli-Kelvin temperatures. The setup relies on the combination of an interferometric amplification scheme and a quarter-wave impedance transformer, allowing the measurement of noise power spectral densities with gigahertz bandwidth up to five orders of magnitude below the amplifier noise floor. We simultaneously measure the high frequency conductance of the sample by derivating a portion of the signal to a microwave homodyne detection. We describe the principle of the setup, as well as its implementation and calibration. Finally, we show that our setup allows to fully characterize a subnanosecond on-demand single electron source. More generally, its sensitivity and bandwidth make it suitable for applications manipulating single charges at GHz frequencies.     

Data acquisition schemes for continuous two-particle time-of-flight coincidence experiments

Three data acquisition schemes for two-particle coincidence experiments with a continuous source are discussed. The single-start/single-stop technique, implemented with a time-to-pulse-height converter, results in a complicated spectrum and breaks down severely at high count rates. The single-start/multiple-stop setup, based on a time-to-digital converter and the first choice in today's similar coincidence experiments, performs significantly better at high count rates, but its performance is still hampered if the time-of-flight range is large, and the false coincidence background is variable if the event frequency and the collection efficiency of the starts are both high. A straightforward, multistart/multistop setup is proposed for coincidence experiments. By collecting all detector data, it ensures the highest signal-to-noise ratio, constant background, and fast data acquisition and can now be easily constructed with commercially available time-to-digital converters. Analytical and numerically evaluated formulas are derived to characterize the performance of each setup in a variety of environments. Computer simulated spectra are presented to illustrate the analytically predicted features of the various raw time-of-flight distributions obtained with each technique.     

基于光频域布里渊散射的全分布式光纤应变传感器的研究

根据光纤受到拉伸应变时布里渊散射频移改变的特性，提出了基于光频域反射法的分布式光纤应变测量系统，系统采用了光纤光栅法布里-珀罗干涉仪对布里渊频移进行直接测量的新方法，并给出了实验系统及实验结果，表明了该方案的可行性。     

Study on the effect of measuring methods on incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by home-made setup

An experimental setup is built for the measurement of monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of solar cells. With this setup, three kinds of IPCE measuring methods as well as the convenient switching between them are achieved. The setup can also measure the response time and waveform of the short-circuit current of solar cell. Using this setup, IPCE results of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are determined and compared under different illumination conditions with each method. It is found that the IPCE values measured by AC method involving the lock-in technique are sincerely influenced by modulation frequency and bias illumination. Measurements of the response time and waveform of short-circuit current have revealed that this effect can be explained by the slow response of DSCs. To get accurate IPCE values by this method, the measurement should be carried out with a low modulation frequency and under bias illumination. The IPCE values measured by DC method under the bias light illumination will be disturbed since the short-circuit current increased with time continuously due to the temperature rise of DSC. Therefore, temperature control of DSC is considered necessary for IPCE measurement especially in DC method with bias light illumination. Additionally, high bias light intensity (>2?sun) is found to decrease the IPCE values due to the ion transport limitation of the electrolyte.     

First-order reversal curves acquired by a high precision ac induction magnetometer

We present a setup allowing to characterize the local irreversible behavior of soft magnetic samples. It is achieved by modifying a conventional ac induction magnetometer in order to measure first-order reversal curves (FORCs), a magnetostatic characterization technique. The required modifications were performed on a home-made setup allowing high precision measurement, with sensibility less than 0.005 Oe for the applied field and 10(-6) emu for the magnetization. The main crucial point for the FORCs accuracy is the constancy of the applied field sweep rate, because of the magnetic viscosity. Therefore, instead of the common way to work at constant frequency, each FORC is acquired at a slightly different frequency, in order to keep the field variation constant in time. The obtained results exhibit the consequences of magnetic viscosity, thus opening up the path of studying this phenomenon for soft magnetic materials.     

Synchronized time- and high-field-resolved all-optical pump-probe magneto-optical setup based on a strong alternating magnetic field and its application in magnetization dynamics of high coercivity magnetic medium

An alternating magnetic field (AMF) apparatus is developed and composed of an electromagnet and driving power supply. The structure of the electromagnet and configuration of the driving supply are described in detail. The apparatus can produce a peak magnetic field up to 9000 Oe and above under a small driving power at its resonance frequency of 1.14 kHz. Based on synchronization between the AMF and the femtosecond laser pulse train, a photomagnetic synchronized time- and high-field-resolved all-optical pump-probe magnetic-optical setup is developed. This setup has the ability to reinitialize any magnetic states between two successive laser pulses so that irreversible magnetization reversal dynamics can be studied. Dynamic Kerr hysteresis loops and magnetization reversal dynamics of high coercivity ferromagnetic TbFeCo and FePt films are demonstrated using this setup, showing importance of this synchronized time- and high-field-resolved all-optical pump-probe magnetic-optical setup in the research of ultrafast magnetization dynamics.