基于稀疏信号重构的无线传感网络目标定位

提出了一种新的基于稀疏信号重构的无线传感网络目标定位方法.针对目标定位问题,将多目标位置表示为离散化测量空间上的稀疏向量,则多传感节点声音信号能量测量值向量可分解为测量矩阵、稀疏矩阵与稀疏向量的乘积,通过稀疏信号重构方法可以恢复目标位置稀疏向量,实现多目标定位.传统L1范数稀疏信号重构法要求测量矩阵和稀疏矩阵乘积满足受限等距性条件,在目标定位问题中难以满足.采用贪婪匹配追踪算法重构稀疏向量,基于噪声信号能量幅值终止迭代搜索,进行多目标定位.实验表明,基于贪婪匹配追踪稀疏信号重构目标定位方法能准确实现多目标定位,定位精度优于基于正交匹配追踪的稀疏信号重构目标定位方法和基于单纯形搜索的最大似然估计目标定位方法.     

相空间稀疏化的信号压缩感知与重构方法

针对旋转机械振动信号受强噪声干扰导致传统FFT频域稀疏性差,难以进行正交匹配重构的问题,提出了相空间稀疏化结合正交匹配追踪(orthogonal matching pursuit,简称OMP)的信号压缩感知(compressed sensing,简称CS)方法。首先,对信号进行相空间重构(phase space reconstruction,简称PSR),并采用主分量分析(principal component analysis,简称PCA)提取主要分量和重构信号,以提高信号的频域稀疏性;然后,采用随机高斯矩阵测量及压缩频域稀疏性得到优化的信号;最后,采用正交匹配追踪算法重构信号。仿真信号和转子典型不对中信号的分析结果表明,该方法可以提高受强噪声干扰的振动信号在频域内的稀疏性,实现转子振动信号的有效压缩和准确重构。     

基于VMD和K-SVD字典学习的供水管道泄漏振动信号压缩感知方法

针对供水管道泄漏振动信号在分析型字典下进行压缩感知时,信号的重构均方误差较大和不能保留信号中重要泄漏信息的问题,提出了基于变分模态分解(VMD)和K-奇异值分解算法(K-SVD)的供水管道泄漏振动信号压缩感知方法。首先,利用VMD算法将管道泄漏振动信号分解若干个本征模态函数(IMF),并对IMF分量进行互相关性分析;然后,选取最优模态分量,构成最优模态集,再借助K-SVD学习算法训练过完备字典;最后,选择高斯随机矩阵为观测矩阵和重构算法为正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)对管道泄漏振动信号进行压缩感知。实验结果表明,基于VMD-K-SVD稀疏表示构造的过完备字典的压缩感知方法与基于FFT正交基、DCT正交基、K-SVD的压缩感知方法相比,在压缩率为50%～89.5%下重构均方误差更小和互相关系数更高,且在相同压缩率下得到的重构信号的互相关延时估计定位误差的平均值分别降低80.12%、64.2%、61.38%。因此,所提的压缩感知方法具有较好的重构性能和稀疏性。     

基于K-SVD字典学习算法的稀疏表示振动信号压缩测量重构方法

针对目前机械振动信号频带越来越宽,依据传统香农-内奎斯特采样定理进行数据采集时,将会得到巨量振动数据,对存储、传输和处理带来困难的问题,提出了基于K-SVD字典学习算法的稀疏表示振动信号压缩测量重构方法。首先分析了振动信号在基于K-奇异值分解(K-Singular value decomposition,K-SVD)字典学习算法得到的过完备字典上的近似稀疏性,即可压缩性;然后利用高斯随机矩阵对振动信号进行压缩测量;最后基于压缩测量值采用正交匹配追踪算法对原始振动信号进行重构。仿真测试结果表明,当振动信号压缩率在60%~90%时,基于K-SVD字典学习算法构造的过完备字典比基于离散余弦过完备字典压缩感知重构相对误差小。该方法既可以得到较高的信号压缩比又有着精确的信号重构性能,在不丢失振动信息的情况下,大大减少了原始振动数据量。     

信号场强压缩感知的传感器定位方法研究

提出了多包接收时的信号场强叠加模型,建立了观测场强与传感器位置的映射关系。由于传感器数量相对于网格数量是稀疏的,将传感器定位转化为压缩感知问题求解,以减少观测的信号数量,并提出了NL1-norm算法计算出传感器的位置。通过数值仿真,分析了传感器信号功率、观测信号数量以及传感器个数对定位误差的影响。相同条件下,验证了NL1-norm算法的定位精度相比最小化L1-norm算法和贪婪匹配追踪(GMP)算法提高了2倍。低信噪比情况下比较得出,基于CS的节点定位方法误差和观测代价都明显小于RSSI和MDS-MAP方法。     

基于双稀疏字典模型机械振动信号压缩感知方法

针对机械装备在状态监测与故障诊断过程中,依据传统香农-内奎斯特采样定理进行数据采集时,面临的大量机械振动信号存储、传输和处理等困难问题,提出基于双稀疏字典模型机械振动信号压缩感知方法。分析机械振动信号在基于双稀疏字典模型训练得到的过完备字典上的近似稀疏性;然后利用高斯随机矩阵作为测量矩阵对机械振动信号进行压缩测量;最后通过双稀疏字典模型训练得到的过完备字典,结合正交匹配追踪算法完成对原始机械振动信号的重构。仿真测试结果表明,在相同压缩率下,相比经典K-奇异值分解(K-Singular value decomposition,K-SVD)字典训练方法,所提的方法有更高的重构精度,同时重构时间缩短将近50%。该方法既可以得到较高的信号压缩比又有着精确的信号重构性能。     

盲解卷积和频域压缩感知在轴承复合故障声学诊断的应用

针对时域盲解卷积算法对单一故障机械声信号有效,及传统稀疏分量分析对声信号分析失效等问题,提出一种盲解卷积、形态滤波和频域压缩感知重构的稀疏分量分析相结合的轴承复合故障声学诊断方法。通过时域盲解卷积算法优选分量结果,提取声信号的冲击成分。使用形态滤波滤除背景噪声。使用模糊C均值聚类估计混合矩阵,重构传感矩阵,并运用稀疏度自适应匹配追踪基算法(Sparsity adaptive matching pursuit,SAMP)的频域压缩感知重构分离信号。双通道滚动轴承故障声信号分析结果表明该方法能够有效分离和提取滚动轴承故障特征。     

振动信号过完备字典完整训练样本重构性能研究

针对用于训练过完备字典的样本集合中信号类型不足会影响到后续分析、分类和识别精度的问题,提出了一种基于过完备字典完整训练样本的滚动轴承振动信号压缩重构方法。该方法首先构造了用于字典学习的样本集合,使其尽可能多地包含各种信号成分;然后从所构造的多信号样本集合中随机选取K个原子作为初始字典,采用K-SVD算法对初始字典进行训练更新得到过完备字典,获得信号在K-SVD过完备字典上的最稀疏表示;最后利用高斯随机测量矩阵对振动信号进行压缩测量,并基于压缩测量数据采用正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法对原始信号进行重构。仿真实验结果表明,不同的训练样本集合对信号的重构精度有着很大的影响,且基于K-SVD过完备字典对信号进行稀疏表示时在较低的采样率下依然有着精确的重构性能。该方法在不丢失原始振动信号主要信息的情况下重构精度更高、重构时间更短。     

改进的基于压缩感知的单幅图非均匀校正

针对单幅图非均匀校正中小波变换不能分解红外图像中相当丰富的高频子带以及正则化正交匹配追踪(ROMP)重构算法需要已知红外图像的稀疏度等问题,提出了一种基于小波包变换结合稀疏度自适应压缩采样匹配追踪算法(Co Sa SAMP)实现对图像的重构,从而达到校正图像的目的。该方法利用小波包变换对原图像稀疏,将点样本矩阵作为测量矩阵,提取原红外图像的25%数据,利用改进的中值直方图算法校正提取的数据,然后利用Co Sa SAMP重构图像。研究结果表明:与基于小波变换压缩感知的非均匀校正相比,本算法在均方根误差、峰值信噪比方面都得到了进一步的改善,均方根误差降低了30%左右,列间均值更加接近理想校正图像效果,图像重构质量好。     

压缩感知技术研究及应用

随着信息需求的提高,在超宽带信号处理领域中,奈奎斯特(Nyquist)采样所需硬件成本昂贵、采样获取效率低,且对数据存储先提取后压缩再传输,造成大量资源浪费。压缩感知(Compressive Sensing,CS)把采样和压缩放在一起进行,若信号在某个域上是稀疏的、压缩的,就可以低于奈奎斯特采样频率进行采样。对n维的离散信号取其中少数一些值处理,在接收端采用一些算法进行恢复。本文引入了压缩感知技术以降低系统对采样速率的要求,基于CS理论,介绍了CS三个关键技术:信号稀疏表示、测量矩阵设计、压缩感知重构算法,以及CS技术在具体领域中的应用。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.