基于混沌优化和SVM的发动机燃油消耗最低点软测量方法

为了达到节省燃油的目的,通常需要利用发动机控制程序对不同工况下发动机燃油消耗量进行测算,以确定最佳的发动机工作点.由于发动机各个参数(如节气门开度、发动机转矩、发动机转速、输出功率和燃油消耗量等)之间存在复杂的高度非线性关系,常用算法难以快速得到发动机的最佳工作点.以某发动机的测试数据为例,采用预测精度高、泛化能力强的支持向量机算法拟合出该发动机主要运行参数之间的非线性关系,进而运用变尺度混沌优化算法分别测算出该发动机在给定功率、给定转速和给定转矩条件下,燃油消耗最低工作点所对应的发动机运转参数.最后,利用测功机对真实发动机进行的实验验证所提方法的有效性.     

汽车发动机测功试验台模糊+积分控制仿真研究

在建立发动机-测功机系统动力学模型、发动机有效转矩模型、测功机转矩模型的基础上,提出了汽车发动机试验台测控系统的转速和转矩模糊+积分控制算法;采用所提出的控制算法对发动机试验台测控系统进行了动态仿真模拟,结果表明控制精度较高、动态响应快,较好地实现了试验台的快速稳定控制。     

轻型轿车发动机-变速器匹配性能仿真

本文比较了具有三种不同发动机（一种低速和一种高速自然吸气电火花点火、一种是废气涡轮增压点火）和二种不同型式变速器[无级变速器（CVT）和自动变速器]的轻型轿车的燃油消耗。采用准静态传动循环仿真获得全部燃油消耗结果。详细阐述了补充模型。用换算已发表的数据获得所述发动机的效率线图。根据速度、转矩和速比来模拟变速器（CVT或齿轮传动）的效率。仿真显示所有这些概念都能实现低的燃油消耗，CVT表示了和自动变速器具有相同的油耗结果。CVT的理论上优点是其相对低的效率由使发动机在最佳燃油工作方面来补偿。     

基于参数统计特征的无级变速车辆智能控制策略

装备无级变速器(Continuously variable transmission,CVT)的车辆采用经济性控制时,发动机后备功率小,急加速工况下只能通过提高转速来增加功率输出,而发动机转速提高要消耗相应功率,导致车辆动力不足。基于实时参数的控制策略只能在加速过程开始后再控制发动机工作点向动力性线偏移,这一过程仍需要通过提高发动机转速来实现,对提高CVT车辆的动力性作用有限。车辆行驶参数的统计值包含车辆行驶的历史信息,且能随行驶工况的变化而变化,这是制定控制策略的重要依据。针对已有控制策略的不足,在对各参数统计特征进行分析的基础上,提出根据行驶参数的统计值来调整发动机稳态工作线的控制策略。仿真及试验表明,新的控制策略能根据统计参数的变化合理调整发动机稳态工作点,对车辆工况变化具有自适应能力;同时,该控制策略避免了对实时参数的依赖,可以在某一动态过程开始前就使发动机工作在后备功率较大的稳态工作线上,有利于提高动态过程的动力性。     

基于模糊PID控制的CVT速比仿真研究

针对装备金属带式无级变速器的某款具体车型,建立了其发动机的转矩模型和油耗模型,基于此得出了目标转速调节特性曲线.之后,确定了无级变速传动的目标速比,并按照质量集中法简化了传动系统的模型.结合模糊PID的控制原理,提出了以CVT速比变化率为控制对象的模糊PID控制算法.在SIMULINK平台下对包含该控制算法的CVT整车...     

考虑CVT效率的无级变速车辆最佳经济性控制

传统的无级变速传动系统最佳经济性控制策略只考虑使发动机工作在其效率最高的工作点,并没有考虑无级变速器(Continuously variable transmission,CVT)效率对系统燃油消耗量的影响,而实际上无级变速器效率随其工况的变化在70%到95%之间变化,对系统燃油消耗量的影响是不可忽略的。在分析系统燃油消耗量与发动机效率和无级变速器效率之间关系的基础上,提出综合考虑发动机与无级变速器效率的最佳经济性控制策略,设计算法,以系统效率最高为优化目标,对各需求功率和车速下下发动机与无级变速器联合高效工作的目标转速和转矩进行计算。建立系统仿真模型,对优化前后的控制规律进行仿真对比分析,并在定车速工况下对优化前后的控制规律进行了对比试验。仿真及试验结果表明,综合考虑发动机与无级变速器效率的最佳经济性控制可以实现节油2%左右。     

轻度混合动力汽车巡航工况总工作效率分析和优化

在混合动力电动汽车巡航工况时,为了降低油耗和延长电池的使用寿命,对其能量管理策略的优化除了考虑发动机和电动机工作点的优化之外,还应考虑电池工作点的优化。针对这个问题,建立一种具有无级变速结构的轻度混合动力电动汽车的纵向动力学方程,在此基础上综合考虑发动机、电池、电动机与传动系统的效率,分析车辆巡航工况下的系统效率,得到系统效率优化的目标函数和约束条件。随后利用序列二次规划算法对轻度混合动力电动汽车系统效率进行优化计算,从而确定车辆巡航工况下的最佳蓄电池功率和最佳无级变速器(Continuously variable transmission, CVT)减速比。优化结果揭示出驱动系统的特性,可为驱动系统的优化奠定基础。     

基于占空比补偿的永磁同步电机齿槽转矩抑制

永磁同步电机工作时输出的转矩出现周期性波动问题,在伺服系统对转矩和速度要求高的场合,波动所产生的影响不可忽视。对此,从电机控制角度出发,提出一种将抑制齿槽转矩波动所需的占空比补偿在矢量控制算法模型中的方法。这一方法通过测量计算电机转子旋转位置和对应位置抑制齿槽转矩所需的占空比之间的数据关系,作为额外补偿的占空比预先存储在矢量控制算法模型中,从而使电机在实际运转时齿槽转矩波动得到抑制。仿真结果表明,基于占空比补偿可以有效减小齿槽转矩波动及所产生的速度波动,改善永磁同步电机的使用性能。     

匹配CVT和MT整车油耗仿真研究

无级变速箱CVT逐渐成为了汽车的主流变速箱。利用AVL CRUISE仿真软件对匹配CVT与MT同一款车型的整车综合油耗进行对比分析,并详细阐述CVT与MT传动效率、发动机工况运行点的异同。结果表明:CVT通过调整发动机运行点跟随最佳经济运行线,从而弥补效率低造成的油耗增加;从油耗角度来看,自然吸气发动机匹配CVT可获得最佳燃油经济性。     

震源车无人驾驶控制算法设计与应用

为满足震源车无人驾驶作业需求，设计出一套符合其工作特点的无人驾驶系统，并对其中的关键技术问题开展研究。首先，进行系统的设计与搭建。其次，针对铰接车结构特点，对震源车进行运动学分析与建模；提出基于转向几何约束的局部纠偏路径规划算法，解决了工作点偏离路径问题；设计出基于运动学模型的模型预测控制算法用于车辆路径跟踪，提高了震源车路径跟踪精度；提出工作点定位误差补偿算法，减小了地形因素带来的工作点定位误差；设计出一种新的跟车车距解算算法，保证了编队作业时的车辆安全。最后，进行实车测试与野外实际生产测试，实车测试结果验证了所提出算法的有效性，野外生产数据表明该系统可将震源车作业效率提高15%，精度提高57%。     

Integrated engine-CVT control considering powertrain response lag in acceleration

In this paper, an engine-CVT integrated control algorithm is suggested by considering the inertia torque and the CVT ratio change response lag in acceleration. In order to compensate for drive torque time delay due to CVT response lag, two algorithms are presented: (1) an optimal engine torque compensation algorithm, and (2) an optimal engine speed compensation algorithm. Simulation results show that the optimal engine speed compensation algorithm gives better engine operation around the optimal operation point compared to the optimal torque compensation while showing nearly the same acceleration response. The performance of the proposed engine-CVT integrated control algorithms are compared with those of conventional CVT control, and It is found that optimal engine operation can be achieved by using integrated control during acceleration, and improved fuel economy can be expected while also satisfying the driver’s demands.     

Integrated control strategy for CVT powertrains with consideration of vehicle drivability

During shift,power flow is not interrupted in powertrains equipped with continuously variable transmission(CVT).When hard acceleration is commanded,engine speed will flare and corresponding torque will be consumed,which leads to a drop in vehicle drive torque and also the vehicle acceleration.This is the reason why CVT vehicles have poor drivability during hard acceleration maneuver.Conventional method such as torque compensation doesn’t always work due to the limited backup torque of engine.According to this,means to evaluate the drivability of CVT vehicles are studied,affect factors of drivability are analyzed in detail.Hard acceleration process of CVT vehicle is studied by theoretical analysis,based on which engine torque and ratio change rate of CVT are identified as two key control parameters that decide the drivability of CVT vehicles during hard acceleration maneuver.Therefore,a control strategy based on restricting the change rate of CVT ratio together with torque compensation is proposed,and two different algorithms to establish the limitation of ratio change rate are proposed.These two algorithms are simulated and compared with each other,results indicate that drop of vehicle acceleration is eliminated evidently by limit the change rate of CVT ratio,but small ratio change rate also results in a longer time to finish the accelerate process,an algorithm to decide a proper ratio change rate is needed in order to tune these different characteristics.In order to get better control effects,a new fuzzy logic based algorithm is proposed to decide a proper ratio change rate during kick down conditions,simulation and experiment results indicate that,the amount of vehicle acceleration decrease is reduced from about 1 m/s2 to almost 0,in the mean time the accelerate process only delayed for about 0.3 s.The proposed control strategy and algorithm can effectively tune the characteristics of CVT equipped vehicle during kick down conditions.     

并联混合电动车辆采用无级变速器速比控制对燃油经济性的改进

考虑到并联混合电动车辆(HEV)动力系响应滞后,建议采用无级变速器(CVT)速比控制方法来实现HEV的燃油经济性的改进.在该方法内,由估算于动力系响应滞后之后根据车辆速度来修正目标CVT速比,并推荐一个加速图谱来估算响应滞后的车辆速度.该CVT速比控制方法采用HEV台架试验机试验证实.根据试验结果,可以看到用修正速比控制方法发动机工作迹线比用常规CVT速比控制对于适度加速模式可以有更有效换档范围,故能给出最佳的燃油经济性.此外,还采用HEV动力系模型对联邦城市驱动计划性能仿真进行估算响应滞后对燃油经济性的影响.仿真结果表明作为响应滞后采用修正CVT速比增大可以实现最佳的燃油经济性.但在实际应用中,要求最佳燃油经济性和加速性能之间进行折衷.     

CVT ratio control for improvement of fuel economy by considering powertrain response lag

A high level CVT ratio control algorithm is proposed to improve the engine performance by considering the powertrain response lag. In this algorithm, the desired CVT speed ratio is modified from the vehicle velocity, which is estimated after the time delay due to the powertrain response lag. In addition, the acceleration map is constructed to estimate the vehicle acceleration from the throttle pedal position and the CVT ratio. Using the CVT ratio control algorithm and the acceleration map, vehicle performance simulations are performed to evaluate the engine performance and fuel economy. It is found that the fuel economy can be improved about 3.6% for FUDS by the ratio control algorithm for the target vehicle. In selecting the appropriate time delay, compromise between the fuel economy and the acceleration performance is required.     

MODELING AND INTEGRATED CONTROL FOR A METAL PUSHING BELT CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

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Low level control of metal belt CVT considering shift dynamics and ratio valve on-off characteristics

In this paper, low level control algorithms of a metal belt CVT are suggested. A feedforward PID control algorithm is adopted for line pressure based on a steady state relationship between the input duty and the line pressure. Experimental results show that feedforward PID control of the line pressure guarantees a fast response while reducing the pressure undershoot which may result in belt slip. For ratio control, a fuzzy logic is suggested by considering the CVT shift dynamics and on-off characteristics of the ratio control valve. It is found from experimental results that a desired speed ratio can be achieved at steady state in spite of the fluctuating primary pressure. It is expected that the low level control algorithms for the line pressure and speed ratio suggested in this study can be implemented in a prototype CVT.     

基于无级变速器的并联式混合动力汽车能量管理策略

针对一种采用金属带式无级变速器(CVT)的并联式混合动力汽车(PHEV),以发动机稳态效率图和电池的充放电内阻曲线为依据,提出基于逻辑门限方法的PHEV能量管理策略,实现混合动力系统不同工作模式间的动态切换。并通过确定不同工作模式中混合动力系统的最佳工作曲线,合理控制发动机和电动机的转矩分配以及CVT的速比。基于ADVISOR仿真平台的仿真研究表明,所提出的能量管理策略能够在满足车辆动力性能指标的前提下有效地降低混合动力汽车的燃油消耗,并能将电池组电池荷电状态(SOC)维持在合理的范围内。     

Optimal engine operation by shift speed control of a CVT

In this paper, an algorithm to increase the shift speed is suggested by increasing the line pressure for a metal belt CVT. In order to control the shift speed, an algorithm to calculate the target shift speed is presented from the modified CVT shift dynamics. In applying the shift speed control algorithm, a criterion is proposed to prevent the excessive hydraulic loss due to the increased line pressure. Simulations are performed based on the dynamic models of the hydraulic control valves, powertrain and the vehicle. It is found from the simulation results that performance of the engine operation can be improved by the faster shift speed, which results in the improved fuel economy by 2% compared with that of the conventional electronic control CVT in spite of the increased hydraulic loss due to the increased line pressure.     

Shift speed improvement of a metal belt CVT

This paper presents a CVT line pressure control strategy for the increased shift speed. Firstly, an algorithm to increase the CVT shift speed is suggested based on a modified CVT shift dynamics and shift speed maps are constructed. In addition, simplified dynamic models of the line pressure and the ratio control valve are derived by considering the CVT shift dynamics, and low level control algorithms for the ratio and the line pressure control are proposed. Using the shift speed maps and the simplified dynamic models of the CVT system, shift performance is investigated. It is found from the experimental and simulation results that improved shift speed can be achieved by increasing the line pressure.     

改进鲸鱼优化算法及涡轮盘结构优化

涡轮盘是航空发动机的核心零件,通过智能优化算法对涡轮盘结构进行优化,降低涡轮盘质量,有助于提升推重比。研究并改进了新型鲸鱼优化算法对涡轮盘截面进行结构尺寸优化。改进的鲸鱼优化算法中创新引入差分变异策略,交叉操作和常规变异策略以增强鲸鱼优化算法跳出局部最优解的能力。特别地,以改进的鲸鱼优化算法（Decomposition evolution based whale optimization algorithm,DEWOA）为例对Isight平台进行二次开发,与Isight平台中的五种算法和基本鲸鱼优化算法就八个单目标测试函数进行了对比,在均值和方差等指标验证了改进算法的稳定性和寻优性能。而且,将结合改进鲸鱼优化算法的Isight优化模块组件与有限元分析方法在Isight平台中集成为全自动化优化流程,对航空发动机涡轮盘进行结构优化,并与其他四种算法的涡轮盘结构优化结果进行对比。实验结果表明改进的鲸鱼优化算法对涡轮盘减重达26.09%,超过自适应模拟退火算法减重比2.24%,超过多岛遗传算法减重比5.29%,超过鲸鱼优化算法减重比1.94%,落后于指针自动优化算法减重比0.39%,但改进的鲸鱼优化算法收敛速度更快,达到最优解的代价更小,表明了改进鲸鱼优化算法在工程实际问题上的实用性和通用性。