含宏观孔通孔多孔铝的低频阻尼行为

利用多功能内耗仪对空气加压渗流法制备的通孔多孔铝的阻尼行为进行了研究,在20～400 ℃的温度范围内,在三个离散的低频率0.5,1.0和3.0 Hz下对试样的内耗和相对动力学模量进行了测量.结果表明:在多孔铝中宏观孔的大小是毫米量级,孔隙率达69%;在多孔铝试样的温度-内耗曲线上观察到了一个内耗峰,伴随着内耗峰的出现模量明显减小,该内耗峰的平均激活能为(1.39±0.03)eV.此内耗峰的机制为位错亚结构与晶界的相互作用导致晶界的粘性滑移受到限制造成的.     

油淬Ni_(64)Al_(36)合金的逆马氏体相变

用内耗试验、差示扫描量热和X射线衍射分析等方法对油淬和炉冷的Ni64Al36(原子分数)合金从室温到400℃的逆马氏体相变过程进行了研究。结果表明:在加热过程中油淬Ni64Al36合金在220℃出现一个内耗峰,冷却时内耗峰的温度移到160℃,而炉冷Ni64Al36合金无内耗峰出现;油淬Ni64Al36合金的内耗峰峰位不随振动频率而变化,但峰高随频率的减小和升温速率的提高而增大;油淬Ni64Al36合金在冷却和加热时出现的两个内耗峰分别是由γ→L10马氏体转变及其逆马氏体转变引起的;在室温到400℃有限次数热循环范围内,热循环次数对油淬Ni64Al36合金正、逆马氏体转变的影响很小。     

Pt/YSZ电极烧制的升/降温速率对传感器性能的影响

借助交流阻抗谱测试技术和扫描电镜,研究了Pt/YSZ电极烧制的升/降温速率对氧传感器性能的影响.研究表明:升/降温速率对电极阻抗和氧传感器响应时间有显著影响;小于500 ℃时,升/降温速率对电极反应激活能无明显影响,为(150±10)kJ·mol-1;大于600 ℃时,升温速率对电极反应激活能亦无明显影响,为(180±5)kJ·mol-1,但增加降温速率,激活能会发生突变.     

稀土Ce对2090铝锂合金晶界内耗的影响

运用低频内耗技术研究了稀土元素Ｃｅ在２０９０铝锂合金中的行为，结果表明，微量固溶的Ｃｅ可提高合金晶界激活能，从而改善金晶界强度；稀土元素Ｃｅ可减小合金热循环模量软化倾向，有利于合金高温性能的提高。     

NiTi基体上沉积铁电陶瓷PZT复合材料的振动响应特性

用溶胶-凝胶法在NiTi形状记忆合金冷轧薄片基体上沉积铁电陶瓷PZT薄膜,再通过650℃烧结处理而得到NiTi/PZT复合材料,采用动态热机械分析方法测试了该复合材料及相同温度时效处理的NiTi形状记忆合金的内耗随温度及振动频率的变化曲线,比较了两种材料内耗曲线特征的差异;通过分析内耗曲线随温度、振动频率变化规律研究了材料的振动响应特性.结果表明:对于NiTi/PZT复合材料,响应振动载荷的能力相对于单纯NiTi形状记忆合金有明显改善,响应范围从10 Hz以内提高到33 Hz以内;tanδ-t曲线特征凸起峰高度值(材料的响应程度)从3%增加到5%,提高60%以上.     

宏观石墨颗粒对工业纯铝阻尼性能的影响

运用空气加压渗流技术制备了宏观石墨颗粒增强的工业纯铝金属基复合材料,在25～400℃温度范围和频率为0.5,1.0和3.0 Hz条件下在多功能内耗仪上测量了不同材料的内耗和相对动力学模量;用透射电子显微镜对材料的显微组织进行了观察;依据内耗测量和微观分析讨论了宏观石墨颗粒对工业纯铝阻尼行为的影响.结果表明:复合材料的阻尼性能随着宏观石墨颗粒体积分数的增加而增大,阻尼性能比致密工业纯铝提高了2～3倍.     

SiC颗粒增强镁-锌-锆基复合材料的阻尼性能

采用热压烧结法制备了三种不同成分的SiC颗粒增强镁-锌-锆基复合材料,使用LMR-1型低频力学弛豫谱测试系统研究了铸态镁-锌-锆合金及热压烧结SiCp/镁-锌-锆基复合材料的阻尼性能随频率和温度的变化关系.结果表明:SiC颗粒的加入使复合材料的阻尼性能比基体合金有显著提高;另外随着合金中锌含量的增加,复合材料的内耗值不断下降;在频率为3×10-3～7Hz范围内,基体合金及复合材料的内耗值均随着频率的增加先快速减小随后又逐渐增大;在本试验条件下SiCp/Mg-0.93%Zn-0.70%Zr基复合材料的内耗值最大,该复合材料在50～100℃的温度范围内出现弛豫内耗峰.     

宏观石墨颗粒增强工业纯铝基复合材料的阻尼性能

采用空气加压渗流技术制备了宏观石墨颗粒增强的工业纯铝基复合材料;在温度范围为25～400℃、低频率和低应变振幅条件下用多功能内耗仪测量了材料的内耗(阻尼性能)和相对动力学模量;用透射电子显微镜对其微观结构进行了观察。结果表明:该复合材料界面上存在少量微孔,颗粒与基体之间为弱结合,其阻尼性能在相同宏观石墨颗粒粒径下随着石墨颗粒体积分数的增加而增大,在相同宏观石墨颗粒体积分数下随着石墨颗粒粒径的减小而增大,其阻尼性能比工业纯铝的提高了2～3倍;该复合材料的主要阻尼机制是界面阻尼和位错阻尼。     

再结晶后面心立方金属的断裂模式及有限元分析

为了研究再结晶对面心立方(FCC)金属断裂模式的影响,以纯铝为对象采用电子背散射衍射、拉伸试验和扫描电镜分析等研究了纯铝拉伸断裂的模式,并结合3D晶体有限元模拟了变形过程中纯铝中孔洞的长大行为。结果表明:由于晶粒间不均匀变形使得大角度晶界上的等效塑性应变大于单个晶粒中的等效塑性应变,孔洞易沿着大角度晶界长大,使得再结晶后FCC结构的纯铝易发生沿晶断裂。     

微纳尺度材料内耗测量系统的设计与实现

提出了一种非接触式的内耗测量方法。通过对碳纤维材料试样进行交变静电激发,在显微系统下记录强迫振动过程的高帧率图像,完成了微纳尺度材料内耗测量系统的设计。实验结果表明该系统能实现低频和高频内耗的非接触式测量,测量频率范围大,系统扩展性强。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...