大跨径桥梁实时动态挠度信号的分离

由于经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)将非线性非平稳信号分解成为一系列线性、平稳的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)信号,针对单通道大跨径桥梁挠度信号分离问题,结合盲源分离和经验模式分解各自优点,提出基于经验模式分解的盲源分离方法。利用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD)估计信号源数目,根据源信号数目将单通道挠度信号和其本征模函数重组为多通道输入信号,应用独立分量分析（independent component analysis,简称ICA）理论中的快速独立分量分析（fast independent component analysis,简称FastICA）算法对输入信号进行分解,实现桥梁挠度信号各分量的分离。仿真研究表明,该方法能较好地解决ICA模型源数估计和单通道挠度信号盲源分离难题。     

大跨径桥梁实时动态挠度信号的分离

由于经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)将非线性非平稳信号分解成为一系列线性、平稳的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)信号,针对单通道大跨径桥梁挠度信号分离问题,结合盲源分离和经验模式分解各自优点,提出基于经验模式分解的盲源分离方法。利用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD)估计信号源数目,根据源信号数目将单通道挠度信号和其本征模函数重组为多通道输入信号,应用独立分量分析(independent component analysis,简称ICA)理论中的快速独立分量分析(fast independent component analysis,简称FastICA)算法对输入信号进行分解,实现桥梁挠度信号各分量的分离。仿真研究表明,该方法能较好地解决ICA模型源数估计和单通道挠度信号盲源分离难题。     

齿轮点蚀的多通道数据融合识别方法

针对齿轮箱振动信号中混杂其他零部件振动频率的问题,提出一种基于小波包分解独立分量分析（wavelet package independent component analysis,简称WPICA）和多维经验模式分解（multivariate empirical mode decomposition,简称MEMD）的齿轮箱齿面点蚀故障信号的多通道数据融合识别方法。首先,利用一种窄带独立分量分析(sub-band decomposition independent component analysis,简称SDICA)方法—WPICA,从水泵机组多通道信号中提取齿轮箱振源,确定齿轮箱振动包含的特征频率成分;其次,借助MEMD分解多通道机组振动信号,将所获得的多维固有模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)进行矩阵互信息运算,完成多通道数据的融合;最后,通过定义IMF故障敏感因子,确定故障敏感IMF的阶数并获得了齿轮点蚀故障的特征频率。数据分析结果证明了本研究方法的有效性。     

基于LMD和ICA的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)在提取故障特征时易受到噪声干扰的问题,提出了一种基于局部均值分解和独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先采用LMD方法提取信号PF分量;其次,对PF分量进行ICA盲源分离,得到PF分量的估计信号,有效去除了分量中的噪声成分;然后,提取估计信号的互信息、相关系数和近似熵作为特征向量;最后,采用SVM对特征向量进行故障分类,通过特征提取和故障诊断实验,结果表明LMD-ICA方法的故障识别率明显高于传统LMD方法。     

基于流形学习的滚动轴承故障盲源分离方法

滚动轴承的故障信号是一种典型的非线性非平稳信号,其信号中常常混有噪声信号及其他干扰成分。提出了一种基于流形学习的滚动轴承故障盲源分离方法,首先,利用经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)对单通道模拟信号进行分解,对得到的多通道信号构造其协方差矩阵,计算矩阵的奇异值下降速比得到原始信号数目;其次,利用峭度等指标选择最优观测信号,利用核主成分分析(kernel principal components analysis,简称KPCA)提取信号的流形成分;最后,利用快速独立成分分析(fast independent component analysis,简称Fast ICA)还原得到源信号。该方法不但解决了故障信号的欠定盲源分离问题,还提出了最优观测信号的确定准则,并通过实例验证了方法的有效性。     

EMD与cICA方法在多级齿轮传动微弱故障特征提取中的应用

为提取多级齿轮传动单通道测量信号中隐含的微弱低频故障特征信息,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)与约束独立分量分析(Constrained independent component analysis,cICA)相结合的故障特征提取方法。首先对实测的齿轮箱单通道测量信号进行EMD分解;然后计算各个本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)的峭度及其与原信号的互相关系数,并选择合适的IMFs分量与原信号组成新的虚拟观测向量;最后,通过构建合适的参考信号进行cICA分析,提取出了理想的微弱低频故障特征。通过多级齿轮传动中的低速级断齿故障特征提取试验分析,验证了该方法的有效性和适用性。     

双树复小波包和ICA用于滚动轴承复合故障诊断

针对滚动轴承复合故障信号特征难以分离的问题,提出将双树复小波包变换和独立分量分析(independent component analysis,简称ICA)结合的方法应用到滚动轴承复合故障诊断中。首先,利用双树复小波包变换将复杂的、非平稳的复合故障信号分解为若干不同频带的分量;其次,引入ICA对各个分量所组成的混合信号进行盲源分离,从而尽可能消除频率混叠;最后,对从混合信号中分离出来的独立信号分量进行希尔伯特解调,即可实现对复合故障特征信息的分离和故障识别。试验结果表明,该方法可以有效地分离和提取轴承复合故障的特征频率,验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于ICA相关系数和VPMCD的滚动轴承故障诊断

将基于变量预测模型的模式识别(variable predictive model based class discriminate,简称VPMCD)、独立分量分析(independent component analysis,简称ICA)和相关系数分析方法相结合,提出了基于ICA相关系数和VPMCD的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对不同工况下的滚动轴承振动信号分别进行独立分量分析,获得各工况信号的独立分量;然后,提取样本与不同工况信号独立分量之间的相关系数,并以相关系数绝对值的和作为该样本的特征值;最后,采用VPMCD分类器进行故障识别和分类。实验数据的分析结果表明,该方法能够有效应用于滚动轴承故障诊断。     

基于谱峭度和cICA的滚动轴承故障特征提取

独立分量分析(independent component analysis,ICA)可以实现混合信号的按源分离,但由于其使用时通常需要预先知道信号源数量,使其应用受到限制。在ICA基础上发展起来的约束独立分量分析(constrained independent component analysis,cICA)方法,可根据一定的先验知识生成参考信号,以提取感兴趣的独立分量(independent component,IC)。包络提取技术可有效隔离解调共振带之外的干扰源信号,同时起到对信号的振源降维作用。谱峭度包络提取是近年来发展起来的崭新包络提取方法,可实现对信号包络的自适应提取。将谱峭度包络提取方法与cICA相结合,提出一种高鲁棒性的滚动轴承故障特征提取法,首先通过谱峭度实现对信号包络的自适应提取,再根据滚动轴承故障特征频率建立参考信号,以cICA实现对滚动轴承不同故障对应包络IC的有效提取。仿真和测试试验表明,该方法可实现在干扰条件下对滚动轴承故障特征信息的有效提取。     

基于优化VMD与欧氏距离的柴油机故障识别

为实现利用单一通道信号通过同一方法区分多种发动机故障的目的，笔者对现有算法进行了优化以提取振动信号中的故障特征。首先，针对变分模式分解（variational mode decomposition,简称VMD）的分解层数选择困难问题，文中以几种不同类型故障的频率特征为基础，优化了其中心频率迭代初始值，在保证准确性的前提下提高了算法的计算效率与简便性；然后，利用鲁棒性独立分量分析（Robust independent component analysis,简称Robust ICA）对VMD处理结果再次分解，分析发动机中可能存在的不同振源的同频率信号，并将两个阶段分解结果重构信号的四阶累积量作为故障判定指标。结果表明：以模糊C均值聚类（fuzzy C-means clustering,简称FCM）确定的聚类中心为参考点，利用各个工况点与喷油故障聚类中心的欧氏距离区分故障类型，取得了较高的正确率。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...