氧化铝厂赤泥在垃圾渗滤液处理中的吸附和脱氮研究

研究了赤泥时垃圾渗滤液中污染物的吸附性能,探讨了赤泥的物理化学性能和吸附机理.利用赤泥的吸附性能和絮凝性能可脱去渗滤液中的COD、氨氮和色度,COD去除率为30%,氨氮的去除率为20%,色度去除率为40%.并可有效地去除重金属.利用了赤泥中的剩余碱,将其直接用于垃圾渗滤液的化学脱氨.赤泥时垃圾渗滤液中COD、NH3-N和色度去除率随浸泡时间的增加而增加.     

淮安市某垃圾填埋场重金属及有机物污染现状调查

对填埋场环境空气、地下水、土壤中重金属、有机物及恶臭等有害成分进行了分析及评价,结果表明:垃圾填埋场未对周边土壤及地下水造成污染,空气所受污染较重,已达到中度污染水平。     

太阳能冷管吸附床脱附试验及二维模拟

根据平衡吸附理论,对太阳能真空管集热圆柱形吸附床在不同太阳方位角下,各个区域脱附温度脱附过程的冷凝温度以及脱附量进行了二维模拟,并将模拟计算值与试验值进行了比较.结果表明,采用二维脱附模型可以较为准确地表述脱附过程的吸附床温度变化以及脱附量变化,吸附床模拟整个脱附过程计算平均温度为183.8℃,试验实测温度为178.3℃,两者相差5.5℃,相对偏差3.1%;冷凝温度计算值与试验值整体偏差不大,分别为44.9℃和48.0℃,相对偏差为6.5%.脱附量的计算值与试验值最大相对偏差为9.1%左右,该冷管的COP值约为0.24～0.28,比以往冷管COP提高了约20%.     

渗滤液调节池施工工艺的设计与应用

渗滤液调节池在垃圾填埋场的运行中起储存、调节垃圾渗滤液的作用.本文介绍了阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场二期工程渗滤液调节池从基础开挖到主体施工全过程的施工工艺.     

微量供油条件下润滑油液滴的生长与脱附

润滑油液滴的生长与脱附性能对于微量供油过程和微量润滑效果有重要影响。采用试验和数值仿真相结合的方法,研究微量供油条件下、在重力环境中的润滑油液滴在毛细管出口端的生长与脱附行为,考察毛细管管径和表面润湿特性变化对润滑油液滴脱附性能的影响。结果表明,润滑油液滴的生长与脱附是毛细力、黏性力、表面张力和重力等共同作用的结果;减小毛细管管径或增大润滑油液滴在毛细管表面的接触角,均可有效减弱毛细效应,降低润滑油液的爬移高度和脱附粒径,改善液滴脱附性能;毛细管管径由1.2 mm减小至0.7 mm过程中,液滴脱附粒径减小了4.5%;接触角由5°逐渐增加至90°的过程中,液滴脱附粒径减小了9.3%;通过选用低表面能材料制作微量供油的毛细管可以显著增大接触角。     

脱附速率对车辆炭罐脱附性能的影响试验研究

这项研究对比分析了混合动力汽车和汽油车在中国国六蒸发排放试验中高温行驶阶段的炭罐脱附数据,发现混合动力汽车可以通过提升中高速行驶阶段炭罐脱附速率来弥补脱附时长不足。因此在炭罐测试系统上开展5、15、25、35、45L/min五种不同脱附速率的脱附试验,进一步量化脱附速率对炭罐脱附性能的影响。实验结果表明炭罐脱附效率随炭罐负载的减少而降低,随脱附速率的提高而增大。基于国六试验标准分析,五种速率中35L/min最符合试验炭罐的脱附要求。     

一级热脱附装置的研制及其性能考察

本文介绍的一级热脱附装置,不使用冷阱,可使热脱附的样品谱带在色谱柱头保持"塞子"形,适用于气、液、固各种类型样品中痕量挥发性组分的吸附浓缩/热脱附/气相色谱分析,色谱仪不需改动即可联用.实际应用结果表明,该装置性能良好,完全可以替代二级热脱附装置.     

炭罐脱附对摩托车排气排放的影响分析及对策研究

通过理论分析和试验研究,发现炭罐脱附对化油器式和电喷摩托车排气排放影响较大,经分析主要是因为改变了其空燃比。因此,在样车开发初期,就必须综合考虑炭罐脱附因素,合理设置脱附时机及流量,从而提高匹配成功率,降低匹配试验成本。     

用赤泥自硬砂制作大型芯

为适应生产大型机床制芯工作的需要,经多次试验,研究,由流态砂改为赤泥自硬砂。目前,我车间80％的泥芯用自硬砂生产,大至八吨,小至几斤。赤泥自硬砂特点(与粘土砂相比): 1.工艺装备简单,芯子尺寸较精确; 2.湿强度小,砂子的流动性好,易于紧实、劳动强度小; 3.芯子烘烤时间短,节约燃料,同时缩短了生产周期,提高了生产率。 (一) 原材料选用: 1.原砂,最好选用粗粒砂,形状为圆形,粒度为20～40或30～50,含     

垃圾填埋气体发电技术的开发与应用

垃圾填埋场填埋垃圾所产生的气体是一种可再生能源,只要有效进行资源回收与利用,就能有效改善填埋场的空气质量和改善生态环境。在垃圾填埋治理利用方面,对垃圾填埋产生气体进行发电技术的可行性方案进行了研究,并介绍泉州市室仔前生活垃圾填埋气体发电厂建设情况。通过对垃圾填埋气体的开发应用,将垃圾填埋产生气体变废为宝,创造了社会经济效益。     

ICP—OES法测定铝厂赤泥中的稀土元素

应用ICP—OES法测定赤泥中的稀土元素,考察了谱线干扰对测定的影响,选取了适宜的仪器工作条件,对赤泥中的稀土元素进行了直接测定,各元素的加标回收率为91．6％～99．2％。     

赤泥对水稻植株各部位镉含量及水稻生物量的影响

随着稻田镉污染日益严重,镉在稻田中的不断富集,直接影响水稻生长和稻米品质。本实验主要通过测定水稻各部位镉的含量以及成熟期水稻株高、穗长、千粒重等指标,分析施用赤泥对水稻植株各部位镉富集以及水稻生物量的影响。结果表明,镉在水稻植株各部位的分布为根〉茎〉〉叶〉籽实。施用赤泥可减少镉在水稻各部位的累积,并能起到促进水稻生长的作用。在本实验中按7500kg赤泥／hm2土施用赤泥可以较好地减少水稻植株对镉的吸收。     

用ICP-OES法快速测定赤泥中的主要元素

应用ICP-OES法测定赤泥中的主要元素,选取了适宜的仪器工作条件,对赤泥和国标样品中的主要元素进行了直接测定,建立了简便、快速、准确的分析赤泥中主要元素的方法。     

赤泥盐酸浸出液中铝的EDTA络合滴定法研究

为了综合利用赤泥,在处理过程中需要准确测定铝的含量。本文考察了乙二胺四乙酸二钠络合滴定法测定赤泥盐酸浸出液中铝的影响程度,结果表明,乳酸加入量应根据待测液中二氧化钛的含量而定,一般加入1＋1的乳酸2 mL能够掩蔽溶液中的二氧化钛;乙二胺四乙酸二钠的加入量以相对于铝过量50%为宜;以二甲酚橙作指示剂,一定要控制溶液pH值,才能使滴定终点敏锐而准确;加热煮沸2~3 min即可使络合反应完全。     

可见分光光度计测定赤泥盐酸浸出液中的钪

用SP-723PC可见分光光度计测定赤泥盐酸浸出液中的钪,考察了温度、时间、显色剂用量、酸度对待测溶液吸光度的影响。结果表明,温度对吸光度值影响较小,10min后,显色完成,溶液颜色16h内保持稳定,酸度对吸光度有较大的影响,最佳pH为2．0。溶液最大吸光度波长为650nm,Sc（Ⅲ）的质量浓度在0～1．2mg／L范围内符合朗伯-比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为7．78×10^5L·mol^-1·cm^-1。应用本法测定赤泥盐酸浸出液中的钪,结果重现性好,灵敏度高。     

压滤机翻板改造四连杆机构同步性设计

压滤机是拜耳法氧化铝厂赤泥干法外排的关键设备之一.由于作业环境的影响,谐波电机驱动的翻板系统故障率极高,几乎无法正常使用.液压翻板系统改造成功的解决了这一问题.介绍了单油缸驱动翻板系统改造,并对四连杆机构同步性进行了分析,得出了该系统翻板不可能时时同步,但可同时启动、同时到位的结论.最后给出了翻板始末两次同步的四连杆机...     

New correlations for better monitoring the all-oil mud rheology by employing artificial neural networks

The rheological properties of the drilling fluid are crucial to the success of the drilling project. The traditional mud experiments normally performed by the mud engineers provide rheological data with a small resolution. Monitoring higher-resolution rheological properties is particularly important for all-oil mud because it is widely used with problematic drilled formations. The design and monitoring of the drilling fluid rheology is a critical issue for drilling, and therefore, this paper is a contribution to the effort to completely automate the process of highly accurate and real-time recording of the rheological mud properties. This paper aims to develop intelligent predictive models for the mud rheological properties using artificial neural networks [ANN] by linking the high-frequency mud parameters such as fluid density or mud weight [MWT] and Marsh funnel viscosity [MFV] with the rheological measurements of low frequency for drilling mud such as plastic viscosity [PV], yield point [YP], behavior indicator [n] and viscosity appearance [AV]. New empirical correlations have additionally been established to assess the rheological properties of water. In order to construct ANN models, data was obtained from 56 different wells during drilling operations of different drilling sections with various sizes. The data was fairly enough for building and testing the models as 369 data points were obtained. The models were optimized by trainlm which was the best training function and tansig was the best transfer function. 42 neurons in the hidden layer optimized AV and PV models where 34 neurons optimized all other rheological models [YP, n, R300, and R600]. ANN models presented good results as correlation coefficient [R] was 0.9 and an average absolute [AAPE] error of less than 8% for training and testing data sets. The new models were used to derive the empirical correlations for the estimation of rheological parameters. The empirical correlations were extracted to easily monitor the rheological properties of an all-oil mud system in real-time, which enables better control of the drilling activity by maintaining rheological properties at optimal values as well as early detection of other problems that might require immediate interactions, including well control and stuck pipe.     

Hydraulics conveyances of mud slurry by a spiral pipe

Indonesia particularly East Java has been suffering from eruption of gas and mud slurry, caused by oil and gas exploration. Everyone calls this disaster as Sidoarjo mud or Lapindo mud. Mud slurry is essentially a mixture of a carrying fluid and solid particles held in suspension. When the mud slurry flow speed is not sufficiently high the particles will not be maintained in suspension. In spiral pipe twisted with a constant pitch in relation to the axis a swirling flow occurs when fluids flow in the pipe. The aim of this study is to examine characteristics of the hydraulic transport of mud slurry flowing in the spiral pipe with three-shape groove pipe walls. The shear stress and the shear strain are calculated by measuring the pressure drop and the volumetric flow rate in circular pipe, respectively. The power law exponent were about 0.93–1.0 for mud slurry solution of 45%, 30% and 20% of weight concentrations. The diameter of particles was 0.95 mm and the density was 2.19 × 10³ (kg/m³). The apparent viscosity of mud slurry solution is not constant to the shear strain but the relationship is approximated by model of power law. The friction factor of mud slurries in a spiral pipe with ratio pitch per diameter 6.7 is lower than circular pipe and spiral pipe with P/Di= 3.9 and 4.3. It was shown that the spiral pipe caused drag reduction in flowing of mud slurries. The drag reduction ratio of spiral pipe was about 28% for Cw=30% at Re’=32 × 10³. This paper was presented at the 7th JSME-KSME Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, Sapporo, Japan, October 2008. Yanuar received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Indonesia University, Indonesia, in 1986. He then received his Master of Eng. and Doctor of Eng. in Mechanical Engineering from University of Tokyo Metropolitan, Japan, in 1995 and 1998, respectively. Professor at Mechanical Engineering at University of Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia.     

三通换向阀阀内泥浆冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究

针对泥水盾构机接管系统中三通换向阀阀芯及管道易受泥浆冲蚀磨损问题,应用计算流体动力学中DPM(Discrete Phase Model)模型对阀芯缩径弯管与等径弯管进行对比分析。研究结果表明:泥浆流经等径弯管时对管壁造成的冲蚀磨损程度比流经缩径弯管时的冲蚀磨损程度严重;缩径弯管中凸台可以起到有效的扰流作用,消耗泥浆流体具有的动能,有利于减缓泥浆对弯管外壁面的冲蚀磨损;泥浆流经不同变直径管道时,对管壁造成的冲蚀磨损程度不同;其中泥浆从缩径弯管流向等径弯管处的冲蚀磨损率小于从等径弯管流向缩径弯管处的冲蚀磨损率。     

基于CFD的泥浆净化旋流器湍流流场数值模拟

采用多相流及雷诺应力湍流模型建立了泥浆净化旋流器流场数学模型。通过对钻孔泥浆用Φ100mm旋流器三维建模,应用ICEM进行网格划分,利用CFD软件FLUENT对旋流器多相流进行三维数值模拟,并对湍流模型、离散方法及边界条件的设置等问题进行了探讨,得到了泥浆净化旋流器速度场和压力场分布,分析了旋流器空气柱的形成及发展机理。