旁通泄漏与摆动式叶片马达最低稳定角速度的关系

摆动式叶片马达的内泄漏量直接影响其输出角速度大小;文章建立了带有旁路泄漏通道摆动马达的传递函数;在系统传递函数建立过程中,以马达工作腔输入流量为输入,马达输出角速度为输出,考虑旁通泄漏模型以及马达摩擦力矩模型,推导出马达最低稳定速度的表达式;通过分析旁路泄漏通道的参数对于马达最低稳定运行速度的影响,从而给出马达最低稳定速度与马达内泄漏、旁路泄漏通道参数之间的关系,并提出了马达最低稳定速度对应输入流量的计算方法。     

高速角接触球轴承中的冲击滑动研究

高速角接触球轴承中,球与保持架的碰撞会导致球与滚道的冲击滑动,从而引起滚道划伤和轴承早期失效。为探究球与保持架的冲击碰撞导致的瞬时滑动,以某高速角接触球轴承为研究对象,通过对联合载荷下角接触球轴承的动力学仿真,分析了变速工况及保持架结构参数对球与保持架的冲击碰撞、球与滚道的冲击滑动以及零件磨损率的影响。结果发现,加减速及恒定转速下,球与保持架的运动呈现周期性变化;由于球进入和离开径向载荷区域时公转角速度的变化,球与保持架碰撞并导致球相对内、外圈滚道发生冲击滑动;为适应球公转角速度的变化,适当增大兜孔间隙,可以减小球与保持架兜孔碰撞力的大小和频率,从而减小球与滚道的冲击滑动以及保持架的磨损率。     

A numerical study on the dynamic behavior of the liquid located between pillar-shaped structures

We numerically investigated the dynamic behavior of the liquid located between and on top of the structures using the 3D Lattice Bolzmann Method. We considered the effect of the contact angle between the structure and the liquid within the range of 90 to 180 degree, the dimensionless height of the structure between 4 and 8, and the dimensionless height of the liquid between 2 and 9 on the dynamic behavior of the liquid. Depending on the contact angle between the structure and the liquid and the relative heights of the liquid and the structure, the liquid takes the form of a liquid film or a liquid droplet. The bigger the contact angle between the structure surface and the liquid grows, the more the liquid existing between the structures moves to the top of the structure and forms a liquid droplet as time passes by. On the other hand, if the contact angle between the structure surface and the liquid is small, the liquid existing between the structures spreads between other structures and over the bottom of the structure and comes to form a liquid film at last. If the structure height is higher, the liquid is tied up between the structures and maintains the form of a liquid film. However, if the liquid height is higher, the liquid forms the shape of a liquid droplet on top of the structures easily.     

Numerical study on the dynamics of an electrical discharge generated vapor bubble in EDM with different shapes of the tool and the workpiece

In this paper, the effect of the shapes of the tool and the workpiece on the dynamic behavior of an electrical discharge generated vapor bubble in the process of EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) is investigated. The boundary integral equation method is employed for numerical simulation of the problem. Results show that in the case of the concave tool and workpiece the lifetime of the electrical discharge generated vapor bubble is longer than the case of the flat tool and workpiece. By increasing the concavity of the shapes of the tool and the workpiece, the lifetime of the bubble increases. Results also show that in the case of the convex tool and workpiece, the lifetime of the electrical discharge generated vapor bubble is shorter than the lifetime of the bubble in the case of the flat tool and workpiece. In this case also, by increasing the convexity of the shapes of the tool and the workpiece, the lifetime of the bubble decreases. Numerical results show that in the case of the concave tool and workpiece the rate of pressure drop on the surface of the workpiece is higher than the rate of pressure drop on the workpiece in the cases of the flat and convex tool and workpiece. The high rate of pressure drop on the surface of the workpiece leads to the ejection of more molten material from the crater and consequently leads to more material removal rate.     

资金约束条件下再制造商的融资策略研究

针对再制造商资金短缺问题,研究了原制造商与再制造商的竞争策略以及再制造商的融资策略。在资金约束下构建了无融资时的竞争决策模型,讨论了再制造商初始资金水平对竞争策略的影响。研究了银行贷款和股权投资两种融资策略,探讨了再制造商的融资策略选择边界。研究表明:当再制造商初始资金短缺时,原制造商与再制造商的竞争策略会受到初始资金水平的制约;当再制造商考虑融资时,其初始资金水平和风险投资方股权分红比例是融资策略选择的关键因素;无论两种融资策略对原制造商与再制造商的竞争产生怎样的影响,股权融资策略使得产品售价更低、市场总销量更高,从而提升消费者的购买福利和再制造的社会效益。     

全地面起重机超起装置对臂架受力影响研究

全地面起重机在安装超起装置后属于内力静不定问题,文中用经典力学中的能量法探讨该静不定问题,进而求解出超起装置各构件和臂架的受力。并编制相应计算程序,以QAY350全地面起重机为例,计算某一工况下臂架承受的最大应力,并与未安装超起装置时臂架的受力进行对比。最后研究超起装置各构件参数对臂架受力的影响。分析研究结果表明,全地面起重机在安装超起装置后臂架承受的弯矩和最大应力明显减小;超起撑杆与臂架垂直时,臂架承受的最大应力最小;以臂架变幅油缸上铰点处截面受力为考核点,可知超起撑杆安装位置越靠近变幅油缸铰点,臂架受的最大应力越小;超起撑杆的长度增加到某一值时,臂架承受的最大应力不再随超起撑杆的长度增加而变小,而是始终保持不变。     

基于柔性动力学的辊道窑烧结过程匣钵运动特性分析

盛装锂电正极材料的匣钵在辊道窑烧结过程中极易出现异常横向运动,为此基于柔性动力学分析辊道柔性对传动过程匣钵运动特性的影响。首先,基于柔性动力学建立匣钵-辊道传动动力学简化模型,分析辊棒弹性变形及传送时匣钵运动特性,并通过实验验证了模型的有效性;其次,建立相应的匣钵-辊道刚体动力学模型,通过对比分析刚性和柔性两种辊棒传送条件下匣钵运动特性的变化以及不同辊棒挠度下匣钵横向运动的变化,揭示辊道柔性对匣钵运动特性的影响。在此基础上,对原有辊棒进行了改进并开展实验验证改进方案的效果。结果表明:由于弹性变形的影响,匣钵在前行的同时,匣钵之间间隙出现了明显向外扩张趋势,而当辊棒呈现刚性时匣钵则几乎无外扩现象;辊棒挠度对横向运动有重要影响,在辊棒挠度从0到2 mm区间变化时,其匣钵扩展间隙随挠度增加而呈增大趋势,而当辊棒挠度超过2 mm后,匣钵扩展间隙随挠度增加反而呈减小趋势。改进实验效果表明,适当增大辊棒刚度可显著减轻匣钵异常横向运动现象。     

胶印机印刷压力控制分析与研究

以不走肩铁型平版胶印机为研究对象,提出了滚筒包衬计算方法与滚筒中心距调节方法,得出胶版印刷中印刷压力影响因素主要表现为纸张表面质量和平滑度、印刷速度、滚筒橡皮布和衬垫的选用等;印刷压力的控制主要为调节包衬和中心距;对文中研究的不走肩铁型胶印机来说,在调节印刷压力时,齿轮啮合保证接近标准啮合状态等结论,为印刷压力的控制调节提供了一定的技术支持。     

轮盘质量和位置对转子临界转速灵敏度分析

为提高火电机组效率,降低污染物排放量,汽轮机组在通流改造中级数有所变化,使转子质量和质心位置发生改变,导致转子临界转速变化,对运行造成一定影响。针对此问题,利用试验测量了不同轮盘质量和位置的转子临界转速,并与理论计算结果进行了比较分析,引入灵敏度分析方法分析了轮盘质量和位置变化对汽轮机转子临界转速的影响。试验研究得出了与理论分析吻合的结论,即转子临界转速随着轮盘质量的增加而减小,随着轮盘偏置量的增加而增加。轮盘偏置量对临界转速的灵敏度系数在0.25~2.4之间,偏置量越大,灵敏度系数越大;质量对临界转速的灵敏度系数在-0.35~-0.001之间,质量增加比例越大,灵敏度系数越小;偏置量对临界转速的影响远远大于质量的影响,大约是7~10倍;同一质量轮盘偏置量大于40%,对转子临界转速改变量较明显;同一偏置位置,质量增加量小于50%,对转子临界转速改变量较明显。这些结论为解决现场汽轮机转子临界转速的调整起到了借鉴作用。     

速率变化对轮轨滚动接触蠕滑特性的影响

从研究影响轮轨滚动接触几何关系的机制出发,利用数值计算方法分析横移量和摇头角变化速率对轮轨接触质点间蠕滑力/率、接触斑黏滑区的分布等的影响。分析结果表明:横移量、摇头角的变化速率对轮轨滚动接触蠕滑特性具有重要的影响具有重要的影响;随着横移量变化速率的增加,轮轨接触斑间的横向蠕滑力/率、蠕滑力密度等增大,同时滑动区逐渐增大,黏着区面积逐渐减小,因此当列车在加速过程中要适当考虑增黏措施;随着摇头角的变化速率的增大,轮轨接触斑间的纵向蠕滑力/率、蠕滑力密度等增大,而横向蠕滑力/率、蠕滑力密度等减小,接触斑上滑移区面积逐渐增大,直至接触斑切向力达到饱和处于全滑动状态。     

新型十字摆盘驱动式水液压轴向柱塞泵阀配流系统设计

针对一种新型十字摆盘驱动式水液压轴向柱塞泵的配流阀系统结构参数与泵转速、柱塞直径不匹配导致的容积效率不足的问题,搭建了该新型泵的ADAMS-AMESim固液耦合仿真模型。在额定转速下,分析了配流阀阀芯质量、弹簧刚度、弹簧预紧力、阀芯球面直径对其容积效率的影响,并对其配流系统进行优化设计。结果表明:新型泵的容积效率随着配流阀弹簧刚度、预紧力的增加而增加,随着配流阀阀芯质量、阀芯球面直径的增加而减少,且吸液阀结构参数的变化对容积效率影响大于排液阀。因此,在设计新型泵的配流阀时可适当提高阀芯复位弹簧刚度和预紧力,适当减小阀芯质量和阀芯球面直径,以提高新型泵的容积效率。     

管片拼装机回转系统齿轮啮合动力学分析

为了研究管片拼装机回转系统齿轮啮合的动力学特性,以管片拼装机小齿轮-大齿圈的传动系统为研究对象,采用集中参数法建立了考虑齿面摩擦的六自由度直齿轮动力学模型,依据管片拼装机实际工况参数,利用Runge-Kutta方法分析了管片拼装机回转系统在空载和负载两种工况下小齿轮和大齿圈的振动位移情况,对管片拼装机回转系统进行了振动测试,验证了模型及求解的正确性,并提出了可以通过增大管片拼装机回转系统刚度来减小振动的方法。研究结果对管片拼装机回转系统的减振和降噪处理,以及提高管片拼装机回转系统的精度有重要的理论和实用价值。     

机电一体化粉体精密计量装置及控制系统的设计

本文介绍了以PLC（可编程控制器）为核心的计量装置及控制系统的设计。利用PLC发送脉冲,驱动步进电机,带动螺旋输送器的转动,使粉体物料落入电子天平的托盘中;同时电子天平发出关于粉体质量的反馈信号给PLC,PLC根据粉体质量的变化高速脉冲的发了频率以控制步进电机的转速,进而控制粉体的输出质量。当粉体质量达到规定的质量时,步进电机停转,最终使粉体质量满足要求,并且把误差控制在极小的范围内。     

工程球罐的实测应力分析

基于图解法测试原理，用二次加载法测取了球罐错边和角变形部位的附加弯曲应力，通过弯曲应力分布曲线得到内、外壁危险点的位置，并用屈服应力法测算了危险点第一主应力方向的残余应力，从而得到危险点的实际应力且对其进行了强度分析。分析结果表明，两种测试法的精度均可满足工程要求，而且用来分析危险点的测试数据十分便利。     

基于STL模型的双面数控渐进成形干涉检查与修正

针对双面数控渐进成形中工具头与板材之间容易发生干涉的问题, 提出了基于STL模型的工具头与板材干涉检查与修正方法。对于主工具头，采用等距面生成无干涉的成形轨迹，以避免干涉；对于副工具头，将干涉类型分为工具头与板材非成形特征区的干涉和工具头与板材成形特征区的干涉两种类型，并通过判断副工具头刀位点与支撑面的位置关系来确定是否发生干涉。算法应用实例和成形实验结果表明，所提出的算法能够避免干涉，进而生成无干涉的工具头运动轨迹。     

Modeling,analysis and optimization of calibration uncertainty in clinical laboratories

Uncertainty in the calibration of a clinical laboratory measurement process has a significant effect on the uncertainty of the measurement result. We develop a mathematical model of the analytical stage of the measurement of serum triglyceride concentration in the clinical laboratory, and use the Monte Carlo method to estimate the net uncertainty associated with this model. We then use the model to study the effect of instrument calibration on the uncertainty of the laboratory measurement result. The effect of the correlation between the parameters of the linear calibration function on the measurement result is quantified using the model. In addition, the effect of the choice of calibrator concentration levels on the measurement result distribution is studied using the model, by studying the effect of the value or the position of the calibrator concentration, and the difference or the distance between calibrator concentrations, on the uncertainty of the measurement result.     

丝杠冷滚打变形力影响因素研究

为研究丝杠冷滚打成形过程中滚打轮半径、滚打轮圆角半径和打入量与变形力之间的关系,在丝杠冷滚打成形原理的基础上建立了有限元仿真模型。通过仿真获得单次滚打以及多次滚打成形过程中,变形力随滚打轮半径、滚打轮圆角半径和打入量的变化规律;设计了正交试验,研究打入量、滚打轴转速、滚打轮厚度及工件转速4个因素对变形力的影响规律。在自行设计的冷滚打成形丝杠设备上进行实验,测得变形力的变化趋势与仿真结果基本一致,验证了有限元仿真模型的正确性。     

静压支承式滑靴副油膜动态特性研究

考虑斜盘式轴向柱塞泵滑靴副油膜的挤压效应,不考虑滑靴倾覆,分析了滑靴副润滑油膜的动态特性,包括压力跃变响应与实泵输入响应,并分析了滑靴副结构参数对于油膜动态响应的影响。分析结果表明,减小滑靴中心油室的体积,有利于改善油膜动态响应品质,但油室体积不能过小;为兼顾滑靴副动态润滑特性与泄漏量,需要合理设计阻尼管的液阻;在保证建立油膜的情况下,缝隙阻尼的有效支承面积越小,滑靴副动态油膜的润滑品质越好。实泵输入动态响应中,在高低压区工作时,油膜的压力变化虽然较大,但静压支承式滑靴膜厚的波动范围很小。     

基于阻抗特性的六足机器人动态稳定性

针对六足机器人在崎岖路面行走时,易受到外力干挠发生倾覆失稳的问题,提出一种考虑外力、重心位置、支撑面倾角、运动特性以及机器人阻抗特性的动态稳定性分析方法。建立机器人正运动学和重心求解理论模型,对机器人的实时重心与足端位置进行求解,将机器人绕足端支撑边界的倾翻动作等效为机械旋转系统,在规范化能量稳定裕度判定方法的基础上,建立基于阻抗特性的机器人动态稳定性数学模型,分析不同因素对机器人动态稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明,机器人阻抗特性极大地提高了机器人的动态稳定性。     

The vibration behavior of impeller blades in the five-axis CNC flank milling process

Today, in most cases, impellers of centrifugal compressors are produced by flank milling on five-axis CNC milling machines. The complex three-dimensional geometry of the very thin blades consists of ruled surfaces. The flank milling process allows a fast production of the impellers and the surface of the blades is of high quality. The limited strength of the very thin blades and also the thin outer radial part of the disk lead to a high sensitivity to static and especially dynamic forces that are caused by the instationary flow in the impeller. The dynamic forces of rotating stall and surge are the most dangerous excitations of the bladed disk. Coupled vibrations may occur and damage the impeller. The highest static load is caused by the centrifugal forces. Therefore, most of the high-loaded impellers are manufactured from aluminum alloy or titanium because of the low density of this light metals and the relatively high strength. Most of the interests and the investigations in the last years are paid to the vibration behavior and the dynamic loads of the impeller during operation. But sometimes, the highest stress may occur during the production process and damage the impeller or weaken the strength and so cause later problems. Especially, excitations from the dynamic forces during the flank milling process have to be taken under consideration. The vibration behavior of the impeller is very complex and is affected by the vibration behavior of the cutter and the milling machine. In this paper, the change of the vibration behavior of centrifugal compressor impeller blades during the manufacturing process is investigated. During the finishing of the thin blades, the blade thickness is continuously changing and also the strength and the corresponding eigenfrequencies of the blade. The dynamic forces acting on the blades are caused by the cutter, the milling machine, and the cutting process. The quantity of the forces and the frequency of the excitation are determined by the rotational speed of the cutter, the feed, the number of edges, and the chip thickness. The results described in this paper give useful information about the change of the vibration behavior of the centrifugal impeller blades during the flank milling process and possible interaction with the cutter and the machine.