柴油机主要运动部件的振动监测与诊断技术

本文介绍利用柴油机表面振动信号不解体诊断活塞－气缸套磨损、气阀漏气和主轴承磨损状态的研究，通过实测柴油机的表面振动信号和分析与计算，提取了振动信号的特征参数。研究表明：可以用表面振动信号诊断活塞－气缸套磨损、气阀漏气及主轴承磨损等主要运动部件的机械状态。     

应用铁谱技术对三层复合材料轴承进行检测

本文针对CB－FA40齿轮泵采用三层复合材料轴承代替20高锡滑动轴承的可行性进行试验台试验，并用铁谱技术对轴承磨损状况进行检测。结果表明，三层复合材料轴承在承压能力、温度变化、使用寿命等方面，都大大优于20高锡滑动轴承。     

特殊轴承保持架摩擦特性试验研究

本文论述了特殊轴承结构特点,摩擦副工作特性,对５种保持架材料进行摩擦特性对比试验。结果锌基合金ＺＡ２７,ＺＡ２７ｓ比ＺＨＭｎ５８－２－２,ＺＱＳｎ６－３－３,ＺＱＳｎ１０－１强度高,摩擦系数小,但与４５°调质钢对磨损损量较大,最后选定ＺＡＳｎ１０－１为特殊轴承保持架材料,并通过实践证明这种匹配的特殊轴承摩擦副质量可靠,完全可以替代此类进口轴承。     

C／Cu复合材料自润滑轴承试验设计与设计准则的研究

根据均匀设计原理，对碳纤维铜基（简称C／Cu)复合材料润滑轴承的员试验参数予以科学排列，不仅使试验次数大大减少，而且使实验数据统计结果可靠，引入可靠性技术，建立了自润滑轴承在不同临界磨损效率下材料的可靠度－压强－速度曲线族及其计算方法，为碳纤维铜基复合材料自润滑轴承的设计提供了科学，可靠的依据。     

应用铁谱技术对三层复合材料轴承进行检测

本文针对ＣＢ－ＦＡ４０齿轮泵采用三层复合材料轴承代替２０高锡滑动轴承的可行性进行试验台试验，并用铁谱技术对轴承磨损状况进行检测。结果表明，三层复合材料轴承在承压能力、温度变化、使用寿命等方面，都大大优于２０高锡滑动轴承。     

基于动力学的行星齿轮传动系统的轴承磨损寿命预测

轴承磨损寿命与系统动力学特性密切相关,为了准确预测行星齿轮传动系统的轴承磨损寿命,提出了基于动力学模型的行星齿轮传动系统的轴承磨损寿命预测。首先运用集中参数理论,建立了一个考虑轴承磨损的行星齿轮传动系统平移-扭转动力学模型;然后运用摩擦学理论,建立滚动轴承单周接触的磨损量计算模型,结合行星齿轮传动系统动力学模型,建立轴承磨损寿命预测模型;最后分析了轴承磨损对轴承动态载荷和轴承磨损寿命的影响规律,并提出了提高轴承磨损寿命的方法。分析表明,轴承磨损对行星轮轴承动态载荷影响最大,并且行星轮轴承的磨损寿命与其刚度成正比,因此可通过轴承径向间隙补偿或轴向预紧等方法来提高行星轮轴承磨损寿命。     

多轴承支承主轴系统轴承磨损研究

为了明晰不同工况参数对主轴系统中轴承磨损的影响规律,定量各参数对轴承磨损的影响程度,开展了多轴承支承的主轴系统轴承磨损研究.首先介绍了考虑润滑状态的磨损系数计算方法,推导了角接触球轴承磨损深度计算模型;其次,基于系统模型获得的轴承滚动体的运动参数与接触参数计算了轴承内外滚道的磨损深度;最后,讨论了主轴转速、轴承安装角偏移、外载荷和轴承表面粗糙度对轴承磨损的影响.结果 表明,主轴转速对轴承磨损影响显著,转速改变导致了轴承磨损规律的较大差异;轴承不存在安装角偏移时,主轴系统中各轴承内外滚道磨损深度之和最小;外载荷的变化对轴承磨损影响微弱;表面粗糙度的增大能够显著增大轴承的磨损深度.     

新型感应推进电机轴承磨损分析及监测

针对某大型船用新型感应推进电机复合材料轴承在运行过程中容易磨损且不易监测的问题,根据该电机轴承结构及运行特点,建立电机轴承三维有限元模型,对电机轴承的摩擦应力进行理论仿真分析,并分析电机轴承磨损状况。结果显示,电机轴承摩擦应力分布是两侧大、中间小,轴承磨损严重部位集中在两侧。结合电机可靠性实验,利用原子发射光谱仪和libs光谱仪对电机轴承润滑油油样和轴瓦材料进行检测。检测结果显示,该型电机轴承润滑油中Ca和Na两种元素含量的变化能反映轴承磨损情况。     

HBA-2型电脑轴承分析仪及其应用

水泵机组在运行中，轴承磨损是其常见的故障之一，对生产可能带来严重影响。如何判断轴承的工作状态、润滑状态及安装是否良好，只能通过值班人员的耳听、手摸来感觉，或对水泵机组解体检查才能发现。经过对华阳检测仪器有限公司生产的HBA－2型电脑轴承分析仪的使用，从实践中得到一些经验，以供大家参考。1HBA－2型电脑轴承分析仪的结构如图1所示，该仪器包括以下几个主要部分：（1）枪头传感器，接收轴承的冲击脉冲。（2）主机内置微处理器，用于对取样数据进行统计、分析。（3）液晶显示器，显示输入参数和检测结果。（4）按键，选择…     

往复机械连杆轴承磨损故障仿真与实验研究

针对往复机械连杆大端轴承典型的磨损故障进行仿真与实验研究,探究磨损对连杆大端轴承润滑各参数的影响。以Reynolds方程为基础,通过模拟不同情况的轴承磨损:不同磨损宽度、不同磨损深度、不同磨损位置,全面分析磨损程度与轴承润滑参数,特别是轴承温度之间的对应关联。通过在实验台机组连杆轴承上安装温度传感器,对连杆温度进行在线监测,实验验证了磨损状态下轴承温度的变化规律。     

PCBN刀具切削镍基高温合金刀具磨损的试验研究

通过PCBN刀具对镍基高温合金GH4169进行了车削试验,深入研究了切削时的刀具磨损形态及磨损原因,得出如下结论:通过试验观察看出刀具的磨损形态有前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损、沟槽磨损和刀具破损。其中沟槽磨损最为显著,是刀具失效的主要原因。沟槽磨损的产生原因主要有粘结磨损、扩散磨损和塑性侧流产生的切屑毛刺划擦作用,其中粘结磨损为磨损前期的主要原因,而扩散磨损是磨损后期的主要原因。     

车辆机械零件的磨损与预防

磨损是车辆机械零件的主要的失效形式,按磨损机理可分为粘着磨损、磨料磨损、疲劳磨损、腐蚀磨损、气蚀和微动磨损等,通过分析车辆机械零件的磨损机理,采取合理的预防措施,可有效地提高车辆机械零件的使用寿命。     

Wear of spray deposited Al–6Cu–Mn alloy under dry sliding conditions

The dry sliding wear of spray deposited Al–6Cu–Mn alloy was studied as a function of applied load in the range of 5–400 N. The variation of wear rate with applied load was obtained, from which four regions can be observed. On the basis of observations and analyses on the worn surface, the worn subsurface, the wear debris and friction coefficient, wear mechanism in different regions has been identified. Two wear regimes, i.e. mild and severe wear, were displayed in the entire applied load range. The transition from mild to severe wear occurred at a critical load. Mild wear involves three regions in the wear rate vs. load variation, and the wear in each region was controlled by different wear mechanism. With increasing load, the dominant wear mechanism in the period of mild wear displays successively oxidative wear, delamination and subsurface-cracking assisted adhesive wear. Severe wear was operated by the adhesive wear mechanism and the wear debris was formed by the shear fracture of subsurface material of the pin. The transition from mild to severe wear depended on the strength of the material of the pin adjacent to the contact surface and the strain-induced shear stress created by applied load.     

Mg97Zn1Y2镁合金的高温磨损行为

对Mg97Zn1Y2合金的室温磨损行为已有研究,但是缺乏高温磨损研究,探究该合金高温磨损行为是非常必要的。采用MG-2000型销-盘磨损试验机对Mg97Zn1Y2合金进行磨损试验,试验温度范围为20~200℃,加载范围为20~320 N,探究不同温度以及载荷对Mg97Zn1Y2合金磨损行为的影响。根据试验数据绘制不同温度下的磨损率曲线;应用SEM观察磨损表面形貌,应用EDS分析磨损表面的化学成分,划分磨损区间。结果表明：随着温度的升高,Mg97Zn1Y2合金的磨损率随载荷的增加而上升得更加显著,磨损行为可以分为轻微磨损和严重磨损两个阶段：轻微磨损阶段的磨损机制为：磨粒磨损、剥层磨损、氧化磨损;严重磨损阶段为严重的塑性变形和表面熔化。绘制了磨损机制转变图,划分该合金的安全工作区间,为该合金在高温下的摩擦学应用提供有益参考。     

Friction and wear behavior of human teeth under various wear conditions

Previous reports have described the differences in the friction and wear behavior between different zones of human teeth. The objective of this research was to study the friction and wear behavior of human teeth under different wear conditions to extend the understanding of the tooth wear process, as well as to provide a more rational explanation for wear mechanism of teeth. Two typical wear tests, namely two- and three-body wear, were conducted on human tooth enamel using a reciprocating apparatus. The effect of food particles was of particular interest. Three loads, 10, 20 and 40 N, were used. Wear was assessed by sample wear volume. The results show that human tooth enamel exhibits lower friction and smaller wear volume under three-body wear conditions than under two-body wear conditions. Under three-body wear conditions, although increasing normal load results in a progressive increase in the wear volume of enamel, the increasing rate is lower at high load than that under two-body wear conditions. Further analysis of wear surfaces indicates that human tooth enamel experiences different wear mechanisms under different wear conditions.     

Characteristics of Extrusive Wear and Transition of Wear Mechanisms in Elevated-Temperature Wear of a Carbon Steel

The dry sliding wear of a medium carbon steel with different microstructures was measured under the normal load range of 50–150 N at 400°C by a pin-on-disc high-temperature wear setup. The wear behavior and wear mechanism were systematically studied; in particular, the characteristics of extrusive wear and the transition of wear mechanisms were investigated. Under low normal loads, the wear is oxidative type wear. Once the normal load reached a critical value, a mild-to-severe wear transition occurred, and subsequently an extrusive wear prevailed. The mild-to-severe wear transition depended on the microstructure of matrix; the critical normal load of the transition was 112.5 N for tempered sorbite, 125 N for lamellar pearlite, and 137.5 N for tempered martensite and tempered troostite. As oxidative wear prevailed, a thick oxide layer about 20–30 μ m and a plate-like wear debris with regular outline were recognized. However, as the extrusive wear occurred, the wear rate abruptly increased but the friction coefficient was reduced. The extrusive wear predominated due to thermal softening of the matrix and presented a superthin oxide layer (less than 0.5 μ m) and low oxide content on worn surfaces, accompanied by the appearance of ribbon-like wear debris.     

基于动力学特性的挖掘机工作装置端面摩擦副间隙磨损机理研究

机械动力装备中常因为作业工况恶劣导致关节端面摩擦副间隙处磨损严重,为了探讨关节端面摩擦副间隙处作业过程中磨损变化行为及作用机理,以某型号挖掘机为例,基于动力学模拟分析两种典型工况下得到动臂关节处动态载荷数据基础上,利用有限元数值模拟技术并修正Archard磨损模型计算得出端面摩擦副间隙处磨损深度与磨损次数的关系,在端面磨损试验机上验证两种工况下关节间隙处耐磨垫片磨损变化过程,在扫描电镜下观察磨损后的表面形貌分析磨损作用机理。结果表明：两种工况下,磨损区域均为环形区域;偏载工况磨损主要与接触应力值大小和偏载角度有关,磨损过程中表面产生锥刺凹坑和交叉犁沟等,磨损机制由疲劳磨损向黏着磨损转化,同时伴随有少量的磨粒磨损;满载启动回转工况磨损主要与接触碰撞程度有关,磨损形式主要为黏着磨损与磨粒磨损。此分析方法对工程机械行业分析其它动力装备关节摩擦副和工程应用具有较好的参考价值。     

纯钒车削刀具磨损表面形态及机理研究

对金刚石刀具、涂层刀具及硬质合金刀具车削纯钒时刀具磨损形态及其磨损机理进行观察和分析.结果表明,在所选取条件下,不同刀具材料对工件材料切削时表现出的刀具磨损形态主要为前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损、微崩刃、剥落和粘结等.刀具的前刀面主要是沿切屑流出方向的沟槽形月牙洼磨损,而后刀面以粘结磨损为主.CD10刀具和H10非涂层刀具具有较佳的切削性能,而H13A非涂层刀具和GC1025涂层刀具不适于纯钒车削.     

不同环境气氛对高速干滑动钢/铜摩擦副磨损机制的影响

利用MMS-1G型高温高速销-盘摩擦磨损试验机,以钢/铜摩擦副为研究对象,研究了不同环境气氛对高速干滑动钢/铜摩擦副磨损机制的影响,应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)对销试样磨损表面进行分析。结果表明:随着pv值的增加,氧气条件下的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为氧化磨损;氮气条件下的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为金属流变和磨粒磨损。氮气气氛条件下的摩擦因数和磨损率均高于氧气气氛条件下的摩擦因数和磨损率。     

TD法VC涂层与陶瓷和钢对摩时摩擦磨损性能对比研究

采用TD法在Cr12MoV冷作模具钢表面制备VC涂层,在摩擦磨损试验机上考察VC涂层与钢球、钢柱和陶瓷球配副时的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电镜、粗糙度测量仪和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层磨损前后表面及界面的形貌、表面粗糙度和物相组成.结果表明,与不同摩擦副配副时,VC涂层摩擦因数随着磨损时间增加先增大后趋于平稳,磨损率随着磨损时间增加而减小,其中与钢柱配副时摩擦因数最小,磨损率最低.与不同摩擦副配副时,VC涂层磨损机制与失效形式不同,与钢球配副时VC涂层磨损机制为磨粒磨损,失效形式为划痕和剥落坑;与钢柱配副时VC涂层磨损机制为黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,失效形式为犁沟和片层状剥落;与陶瓷球配副时VC涂层磨损机制为氧化磨损,失效形式为脆性断裂.