智能三坐标测量机检测规划问题的研究综述

从测头和测头方向的选择，测量点数目及其他位置的确定，检测路径的规划，碰撞检查和碰撞规避问题等几方面对自动检测规划的研究和发做了较全面的综述，并对提高检测规划的可靠性和效率提出了几点建议。     

基于遗传算法的焊接机器人三维路径规划研究

针对汽车焊接机器人路径规划不合理的问题,采利用遗传算法针对三维路径规划问题提出了相应的遗传编码方法,构造了相应的遗传算子,为焊接机器人三维路径的规划问题提出了一条新的发展路径。     

基于遗传算法的三坐标测量机测量路径规划方法

针对现有三坐标测量机检测路径规划方法的不足,提出和构建了零件检测特征群数学模型和求解流程,在此基础上,根据检测工作平面、检测测头及检测测针变动次数和检测路径构建优化目标函数,从宏观和微观两个层面分别应用矩阵交叉遗传算法和序列规划遗传算法进行零件检测特征路径的优化求解。最后以Hexagon公司检测零件为例,说明了零件初始检测信息的获取以及算法的优化求解过程。实践证明,该方法快速有效,且具有良好的工程应用价值。     

基于CIMS环境的检测路径规划技术

在计算机集成制造系统的环境下,针对复杂、较规则的非回转体零件,建立了一个检测工艺自动规则集成系统,提出了将遗传算法和禁忌搜索混合的策略应用于检测路径优化的GATS算法。     

大型回转件自动超声波探伤轨迹规划及仿真分析

针对目前大型回转件主要依靠传统手工探伤的种种缺陷,开展了自动化超声波探伤的轨迹规划与探伤系统运动规律的研究,并进行探头扫查轨迹运动仿真。阐述了自动化探伤模拟手工探伤的工艺原理,分析了工件、探头的运动规律,规划了探头扫查轨迹,整个自动化探伤工艺符合无损探伤国家标准,并将探伤效率提高了5.46倍;联合MATLAB和ADAMS软件对探头扫查轨迹进行仿真,仿真结果验证了轨迹规划的正确性。     

Automated dimensional inspection planning using the combination of laser scanner and tactile probe

Combining multiple sensors on CMMs (Coordinate Measuring Machines) is useful to fulfil the increasing requirements on both complexity and accuracy in dimensional metrology. Yet, the methodology to plan measurement strategies for systems combining different types of sensors is still a major challenge. Such planning is commonly done in an interactive way. This paper presents a methodology which can create inspection plans automatically for CMM inspection combining a touch trigger probe and a laser scanner. The inspection features are specified based on the extracted geometry features and the associated PMI (Product and Manufacturing Information) items from a CAD model. A knowledge based sensor selection method is applied to choose the suited sensor for each inspection feature. For touch trigger measurements, the sampling strategy considers the measurement uncertainty calculated by simulation. A geometry-guide method is developed for collision-free probing path generation. For laser scan measurements, the required view angles and positions of the laser scanner are determined iteratively, based on which the scan path is generated automatically. The proposed methodology is tested for several cases and validated by measurement experiments. The methodology provides suited planning results and can be used for automated dimensional inspection, i.e. Computer Aided Quality Control (CAQC).     

路径规划在移动(保洁)机器人装置中的应用

路径规划是机器人研究的一重要方向,论文提出了路径规划在保洁机器人中应用,所研究的保洁机器人装置采用了十字交叉式、内螺旋式与随机式三种路径规划.试验证明十字交叉式路径规划与内螺旋式路径规划比随机式路径规划覆盖率高、工作质量好.对保洁机器人路径规划的研究和应用有着极其重要的意义.     

基于信息融合的自动泊车系统车位智能识别

针对自动泊车系统对不同类型停车位进行识别的要求,提出一种基于距离和视觉信息融合的停车位智能识别方法。建立了根据超声波传感器、视觉信息传感器、里程计信息来辨识停车位两侧车辆姿态和车位参数的模型,根据Mamdani模糊推理计算输出相应的泊车车位识别结果。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建车位自动辨识以及相应的泊车路径仿真模型,针对五个典型的停车位场景进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了车位智能识别和泊车路径规划方案的合理性和有效性。将自主开发的自动泊车系统搭载于某轿车进行试验,试验结果表明,该泊车系统对规则和不规则车位的自动识别正确率为88%~98%,平均值为92.8%,从而验证了车位智能识别方法的良好效果。     

A computer-aided inspection planning system for on-machine measurement — part I: Global inspection planning —

Computer-Aided Inspection Planning (CAIP) is the integration bridge between CAD/CAM and Computer Aided Inspection (CAI). A CAIP system for On-Machine Measurement (OMM) is proposed to inspect the complicated mechanical parts efficiently during machining or after machining. The inspection planning consists of Global Inspection Planning (GIP) and Local Inspection Planning (LIP). In the GIP, the system creates the optimal inspection sequence of the features in a part by analyzing the various feature information such as the relationship of the features, Probe Approach Directions (PAD), etc. Feature groups are formed for effective planning, and special feature groups are determined for sequencing. The integrated process and inspection plan is generated based on the sequences of the feature groups and the features in a feature group. A series of heuristic rules are developed to accomplish it. In the LIP of Part II, the system generates inspection parameters. The integrated inspection planning is able to determine optimum manufacturing sequence for inspection and machining processes. Finally, the results are simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed CAIP.     

航天密封圈智能测量与检测系统的集成

为了实现航天用O形密封圈的智能化全自动测量与检测,建立了双工位智能测量与检测系统,研究了大量程测量与曲面缺陷检测系统集成方案以及测量路径自主规划技术。首先,针对O形圈的柔性结构、曲面外形以及内径与截面直径之比跨度大的特点,提出基于多视场协同的双工位智能测量与检测方案,介绍了系统集成方法及其工作原理。然后,根据密封圈在大视场中的全景图信息及检测路径规划基本准则,导出了通用的小视场图像采集路径计算方法。最后,建立了密封圈检测路径的物理坐标与大视场图像坐标的映射关系,实现了系统的智能化全自动检测。实验结果表明:本集成方案能够对外形尺寸为Φ5.4~Φ140mm的O形圈进行智能化自主测量与检测,实际检测路径的位置与理想位置之间的平均误差为0.086mm;与手工测量和检测相比,效率提高了20倍以上,能够满足航天用精密密封圈的智能、高效、全自动测量与检测要求。     

A computer-aided inspection planning system for on-machine measurement — Part II: Local inspection planning —

As a part II of theis research, new local inspection planning strategy is proposed in this paper based on the proposed inspection feature extraction method. In the local inspection planning stage, each feature is decomposed into its constituent geometric elements for more effective inspection planning. The local inspection planning for the decomposed features are performed to determine: (l) the suitable number of measuring points, (2) their locations, and (3) the optimum probing paths to minimize measuring errors and times. The fuzzy set theory, the Hammersley’s algorithm and the TSP method are applied for the local inspection planning. Also, a new collision checking algorithm is proposed for the probe and/or probe holder based on the Z-map concept. Finally, the results are simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Near Optimal Measuring Sequence Planning and Collision-Free Path Planning with a Dynamic Programming Method

A near optimal measuring sequence was introduced to complete the entire measuring process and reduce the measuring time of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) for a workpiece whose shape consists of several geometric elements. The number and positions of the measuring points of the workpiece were planned by a CAD/CAM software system. A weight matrix of the number of probe spins and the concept of the angle difference matrix were proposed for the measured feature face using the assumptions in this paper, for the purpose of dynamic programming. First, a dynamic programming method was carried out to plan the optimal measuring sequence of the feature face of the geometric elements. Then, a measuring point distance difference matrix was established for an individual feature face. Then, a dynamic programming method was used to plan the measuring path of the measuring points for solving the approximated shortest path. A collision-free interference inspection method established in this paper was also used to include a collision-free path for paths with interference. The entire measuring path planning was thus completed. With the help of CAD/CAM software and the powerful computation and analytical capability of computers, the system was able to achieve an appropriate measuring sequence in a short time.     

机器人路径规划方法的探讨及应用

机器人要实现其自主化运动,路径规划是其核心技术.文中对比分析了不同路径规划方法的优缺点,提出了基于遗传算法和蚁群算法的智能路径规划法,并在此基础上进行机器人足球比赛试验,结果表明智能路径规划法能提高机器人的行动速度和目标捕捉.     

面向企业的检测规划智能集成系统

:扩展了实例推理的技术 ,提出了广义实例推理的概念。使用神经网络技术作为实例推理的索引模型。在此基础上 ,把实例推理与神经网络和规则推理紧密集成在一起 ,提出智能集成模型。运用此模型 ,研制了以通用量具为基础面向企业的零件检测规划系统     

基于检测状态模型的飞机结构件在线检测路径规划

针对飞机结构件在线检测路径规划中零件工艺模型伴随加工过程动态变化、检测工艺复杂的难点,提出了基于检测状态模型的飞机结构件在线检测路径规划方法。检测状态模型以特征为载体,以干涉特征和虚路径表达干涉规避、路径优化等知识和经验,并随着加工过程动态扩充。基于检测状态模型,按照检测操作级、检测特征级、特征自身级三级实现了在线检测路径规划。根据以上研究,基于CATIA V5开发的在线检测数据自动生成系统已在某大型航空企业中得到成功应用。     

Genetic Algorithm Modelling and Solution of Inspection Path Planning on a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)

A multiple component inspection path planning problem (MCIPP) can be formulated as an optimisation problem, referred to as a non-deterministic polynomial complete problem (NP). An MCIPP consists of testing points, which will be visited by a CMM probe only once, and dummy points which are set to avoid collision and may be visited by a CMM probe more than once. This paper considers the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) acting as optimisers for optimal inspection path planning systems. The paper explores the techniques used in the GA optimal inspection path planning system. The paper also discusses the comparison of integer programming models and genetic models.     

利用寻位信息的自由曲面在线测量路径规划方法

自由曲面的高速、高精度、扫描测量是曲面在线检测需要解决的首要问题.为此,提出一种基于寻位信息的测量路径规划方法,使得在满足精度要求的前提下,实现测点优化分布;在此基础上,将自适应控制理论应用在测头自动跟踪控制中,以便测头能够跟随曲面的变化自动调整其位置,完成自由曲面的高速、高精度、扫描测量,理论分析与仿真实验结果表明,所提出的测量方法可行,为曲面的精密测量开辟了一条新的有效途径.     

A feature-based inspection planning system for coordinate measuring machines

A feature-based inspection planning system is proposed in this research to develop more efficient measuring methodology for a CMM for complicated workpieces having many primitive form features. The proposed strategy is composed of two stages; global inspection planning and local inspection planning stages. In the global inspection planning stage, the system generates an optimum inspection sequence of the features in a part. The sequence is determined by analyzing the feature information such as the nested relations and the possible probe approach directions of the features, and by forming feature groups. A series of heuristic rules are developed to accomplish it. In the local inspection planning stage, each feature is decomposed into its constituent geometric elements, and then the number of sampling points, the locations of the points and the optimum probing sequence are determined. Also, an effective collision avoidance methodology is proposed. After required simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified .     

基于遗传算法的测量仿真系统路径优化问题研究

分析了三坐标测量机和测量仿真系统的工作原理,阐述了一套基于CATIA V5平台的测量仿真系统的功能和工作流程,在Matlab平台上根据测量点数据和测量机的功能特性建立了数学模型,并利用遗传算法对测量点路径进行优化计算。最后,通过实验验证了路径优化系统的可行性,分析了遗传算法的优化效果。     

机器人导航路径的多种群博弈蚁群规划策略

为了降低移动机器人工作路径长度、减少算法迭代次数、提高路径平滑性,提出了多种群博弈蚁群算法的规划方法。建立了机器人工作环境的栅格模型;提出了由1个主种群和2个从种群组成的多种群蚁群算法;将博弈论应用于种群的协同与竞争中,设计了合作博弈机制、奖惩机制、针锋相对机制和协调博弈机制;针锋相对机制和协调博弈机制应用于从种群间的交流与竞争,以帕累托最优为目的提高整个从种群的搜索多样性;合作博弈机制和奖惩机制应用与主从种群之间的交流与合作,使从种群将搜索经验和较优路径片段传递给主种群,从而提高主种群搜索效率和质量。经仿真验证,多种群博弈蚁群算法的路径多样性在迭代过程中保持较高水平;多种群博弈算法规划的路径长度比最大最小蚂蚁系统减小了5.98%,搜索迭代次数和路径平滑性也优于最大最小蚂蚁系统,证明了多种群博弈蚁群算法在路径规划中的有效性。