双盘裂纹转子非线性响应特性

研究了轴上含有横向裂纹 ,刚性支承带有居中盘和悬臂盘的双盘裂纹转子的非线性动态响应。考虑轴旋转过程中裂纹的开闭 ,推导出双盘裂纹转子的运动方程。采用仿真计算的方法 ,分析了转速、裂纹深度、外阻尼比的变化对响应的影响 ,并且研究了盘的摆振与横向振动的区别。结果表明 ,裂纹转子随转速变化 ,响应会出现丰富的非线性特征 ;裂纹深度的增大 ,会导致系统响应出现分叉与混沌 ;外阻尼可以有效抑制非线性响应 ;盘的摆振对于裂纹的出现 ,较之横向振动 ,包含有明显的高次谐波分量 ,易于识别     

单盘裂纹转子次谐波共振实验研究

采用Bently模拟转子试验台,对轴上含裂纹的单盘转子系统进行了实验研究。发现裂纹会导致响应在1/2和2/3倍临界转速附近出现次谐波共振现象,在这些转速下系统响应出现了次谐波和高次谐波分量,如1/2倍频、3/2倍频、2倍频、3倍频和4倍频分量,并导致这些转速下振幅急剧增大,影响转子的稳定运转。摆振对裂纹非常敏感,在裂纹较小时就可观察到较为明显的倍频成分,并且其幅值比无裂纹时大一倍以上,可作为转轴上裂纹识别的重要参数。     

转子叶片裂纹的诊断研究

采用CAD软件建立了转子叶片的三维实体模型,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS对裂纹叶片进行了动力学分析,结果表明：裂纹的存在导致许多故障特征,例如使强迫振动响应中不仅有激振频率成分,而且存在激振频率的倍频分量,随着裂纹深度的增加,主频所占比例减少,倍频比例增加。这就为转子叶片裂纹故障的监测与诊断提供了依据。     

Jeffcott裂纹转子弯扭耦合振动特性分析

以重力决定的开闭裂纹模型为研究对象，导出了固定坐标系下该模型的刚度扭阵，建立了裂纹转子弯扭耦合振动微分方程，并对转子裂纹的升速瞬态响应和影响因素进行了计算机仿真研究。结果表明：升速过程中，弯振存在1／3阶和1／2阶亚谐共振现象，扭振出现1／2阶亚谐共振；在弯扭左耦合区，出现弯扭耦合共振；在亚临界转速区，存在1X，2X和3X等倍频分量的弯振和扭振；影响弯扭耦合振动特性的因素很多，包括裂纹刚度、裂纹夹角、质量偏心和阻尼等。     

一种新的转子碰摩故障诊断特征的研究

建立Jeffcott碰摩转子的弯扭耦合振动非线性微分方程，通过数值仿真手段，着重分析转子碰摩故障的扭振时频域特点及其非线性振动特性，并描述动静间隙对碰摩转子扭振非线性特性的影响。研究表明，转子碰摩激起丰富的扭振频谱信息，主要包括N/2X、N/3X等分频成分以及1X、2X等倍频成分，且分频幅值往往比倍频大许多。在一定转速范围内，周期运动与复杂的非线性运动交替出现。而动静间隙对转子扭振特性影响明显，动静间隙越小，转子动静碰摩越严重，频谱成分越丰富，运动形式更趋复杂，相应的各复杂运动区的范围也越宽。文中揭示的扭振特征为转子碰摩的状态识别与诊断提供了一种新方法。     

联轴器不对中故障转子系统的动力学试验

建立了一个多跨转子-轴承系统试验台,并进行了具有联轴器不对中故障的转子-轴承系统动力学试验,重点分析了平行不对中和交角不对中转子的动力学特性和振动机理。试验结果表明,在不对中转子系统的稳态响应中,除了工频外还存在倍频振动分量,并且随着转速的提高倍频分量增大。在转速较低时,不对中转子的轴心运动具有同步振动特征;随着转速的增加,轴心轨迹呈现出"8"字形或多环椭圆形,且轴心轨迹在某些位置处曲率变化较大。对于具有平行不对中故障的转子-轴承系统,在转速较高时,还会出现和差型谐波振动分量。     

汽流激振力下转子裂纹-碰摩振动故障研究

针对汽轮机机组在运行过程中出现的振动故障问题,在考虑汽流激振力情况下建立了转子系统故障分析模型.通过数值分析方法,对转子故障模型进行了研究分析.结果 表明:在综合考虑汽流激振力作用下多种非线性因素作用时,碰摩转子系统在临界转速的混沌区域明显减小,并出现有幅值较大的1/4、3/4倍频.当裂纹深度增加时,故障转子系统的混沌区域逐渐减小;在超临界转速区域系统响应呈现出较长的周期3运动,频谱图上主要体现为3/4、2倍频.研究结果为进一步的故障问题分析诊断提供一定的理论依据.     

支承松动的质量慢变转子系统混沌特性研究

建立了带有支承松动故障的质量慢变转子系统的动力学模型，利用数值积分和Poincare映射方法，对该转子系统由于支承松动故障而导致的动力学行为进行了数值仿真研究。给出了系统响应随转子转动频率变化的分岔图、最大Lyapunov指数曲线图、典型的Poincare截面图和幅值谱图等，以及质量慢变系数对系统响应影响的分岔图。结论表明：转子的横向均为多周期运动，纵向响应几乎均为混沌运动；随着转动频率的增加，转子的振动幅度出现波动，而在2倍固有频率处达到极小值；质量变化幅值系数的增加致使混沌运动的频率区间增大等。     

两端支座松动转子系统的频率特性分析

针对转子-轴承系统中两端支座发生的松动故障,建立了带有非线性油膜力的数学模型。采用数值仿真的方法对发生故障的转子系统进行模拟,得到了系统的频率特性。模拟结果表明：当支座发生松动振动时,若振动位移小于最大间隙值,则它的频谱除了1倍频分量外还有丰富的且相对幅值较大的低频成分;若振动位移大于最大间隙值,则它的频谱会出现非常突出的较高倍频的分量, 而1倍频却消失了。得出的结论有助于对该类故障的诊断分析。     

转子径向碰摩非线性流固耦合动力学特性全自由度的动态分析

基于Jeffcott转子模型,用6自由度方法研究考虑涡轮非线性流固耦合力的转子径向碰摩动力学特性.通过响应分叉图、波形图、频谱图、轨迹、Poincaré图以及频率瀑布图分析在涡轮非线性流固耦合力作用下转子径向碰摩的动力学表现.与不考虑涡轮非线性流固耦合力相比,转子的径向碰摩的稳定运动区大大减小,转子的碰摩转速门槛值也相应降低,并且碰摩一开始系统振动就出现比较复杂的运动形式;轴向振动的频谱中明显出现了密集的超谐波群,扭转振动的频谱中则明显出现了密集的亚谐波群,这种具有混沌特征的频率成分代表了系统在碰摩力和涡轮非线性流固耦合力作用下的主要运动形式;在整个转速范围内,横向振动几乎具有单一的同步频率成分,轴向振动则表现出非常丰富的超谐波频率成分,这些频率成分主要分布于三个随转速的增加分别向三个固定的频率逼近且幅值逐渐升高的密集超谐波频带,扭转振动则在1/2倍频附近表现出丰富的亚谐波频率成分,其幅值也随转速的增加而逐渐升高.上述结论对涡轮转子系统的动力学设计和故障诊断具有重要意义.     

Vibration analysis of a cracked rotor using Hilbert–Huang transform

In this paper, the startup transient response of a rotor with a propagating transverse crack is investigated using Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT)—a relative novel time-frequency analysis method. The rotor with a growth crack is modeled by finite element method (FEM) and Dimarogonas’ method. The influence of crack propagating ratio (CGR) on instantaneous response of the rotor as it passes through the critical speed and sub-harmonic resonances is analyzed. The 1X (one times rotating frequency), 2X (two times rotating frequency) and 3X (three times rotating frequency) vibration components are studied when they appear, reach its peak and decay during startup process. Some conclusions are achieved which may be useful to detect transverse crack on the shaft. It demonstrates that the HHT is an effective tool for the analysis of non-linear, unsteady transient vibration response.     

Condition monitoring of cracked rotors through transient response

In the present study a simple Laval rotor with a transverse crack is considered. The analysis assumes that the vibrations remain small in comparison to the sag of the rotor under its own weight. If a cracked shaft rotates slowly under the load of its own weight, then the crack will open and close once per revolution, i.e. it breathes. Considering a simple hinge model which is a very good model for small cracks with the breathing action of crack, the transient vibration response of a cracked rotor passing through its critical speed is analysed, as an attempt for crack detection and monitoring. Effects of different factors such as crack depth, unbalance eccentricity with phase and acceleration influencing vibration are investigated.     

Vibration and crack detection of a rotor with speed-dependent bearings

The vibration of a shaft-disk rotor containing a transverse crack and supported by speed-dependent bearings is investigated. With crack released energy, the flexibility due to crack is first evaluated. An energy principle in conjunction with the assumed-mode method follow to yield the discrete equations of motion of periodic, time-varying coefficients From the FFT analysis of the displacement responses, the two-times shaft speed component (2Ω) is extracted and serves as a good index to detect the crack location and depth. Response amplitudes to the variations of crack depth and crack location are then discussed and a technique of crack identification is introduced with the aid of response contour maps of two sensing probes.     

含裂纹转子的振动特性计算用于裂纹在线检测的研究

本文研究含裂纹转子的振动特性。文章首先根据裂纹结构的应力强度因子，得到含裂纹单元体的刚度矩阵，进而得到裂纹转子的整体刚度矩阵和质量矩阵，列写出裂纹转子的运动微分方程，导出裂纹引起转子系统刚度变化与系统振动特性参数变化间的关系，从而可由实时在线测得的振动参数判断裂纹的位置。通过对模拟转子的计算和实测，表明本文提出的方法是一种可用于大型旋转机械转子轴裂纹在线检测的极为有效的方法．     

裂纹转子系统虚拟状态监测

裂纹转子系统的状态监测一直倍受关注。但由于裂纹转子自身较强的非线性特征,早期裂纹故障的监测与诊断很难在工程实际中实现。本文针对单盘横向裂纹Jeffcott转子系统,以虚拟仪器技术构建了状态监测框架,借助谐波小波变换方法,实现对系统虚拟监测的响应分析。结果表明,借助虚拟仪器可以很简单直接地实现裂纹转子系统的状态监测,其谐波小波分析结果能清晰地解释裂纹故障对系统的影响。     

挤压油膜阻尼器-转子系统碰磨分叉的参数特性研究

研究支承在挤压油膜阻尼器上的单盘转子系统的碰磨故障的分叉响应特性。详细分析系统各参数对系统非线性响应特性的影响。发现系统参数具有很强的耦合特性，这种特性使系统响应呈现更加复杂的运动状态，转速比对系统响应的影响很大，但系统如果保持在一定的转速比区间内，系统依然可以保持稳定的周期状态，不平衡参数对系统响应的影响较大，而挤压油膜阻尼器对系统有很好的减振作用，尤其是在高转速区效果更加明显，取较大的碰磨摩擦因数，可以使系统响应处于周期响应区。     

Dynamic response of a cracked rotor with an unbalance influenced breathing mechanism

The vast majority of studies on cracked rotors assume that the breathing response of a fatigue crack is weight-dominant i.e. the effect of dynamic forces on the breathing response is negligible. In this study, the assumption of weight-dominance is removed and the coupling effect of unbalance angle and magnitude on the breathing behaviour of a crack is examined. The proposed breathing model is shown to be greatly influenced by unbalance eccentricity and rotor speed, whereas weight-dominant breathing models are unaffected by these factors. A significant difference in the vibration behaviour of a weight-dominant model and the proposed model was particularly seen around the critical speed of deeply cracked rotors. High unbalance eccentricity and a 180° placement of the unbalanced mass resulted in the disappearance of 2X and/or 3X harmonic components at one-half and one-third of the rotor critical speed when the vibration was predicted using the proposed model. This result suggests careful placement and size of the unbalance mass may allow for the isolation of rotor cracks from other rotor faults in the frequency domain by negating the effects of the crack breathing.     

Second Generation Wavelet Finite Element and Rotor Cracks Quantitative Identification Method

The presence of cracks in the rotor is one of the most dangerous and critical defects for rotating machinery. Defect of fatigue cracks may lead to long out-of-service periods, heavy damages of machines and severe economic consequences. With the method of finite element, vibration behavior of cracked rotors and crack detection was received considerable attention in the academic and engineering field. Various researchers studied the response of a cracked rotor and most of them are focused on the crack detection based on vibration behavior of cracked rotors. But it is often difficult to identify the crack parameters quantitatively. Second generation wavelets (SGW) finite element has good ability in modal analysis for singularity problems like a cracked rotor. Based on the fact that the feature of SGW could be designed depending on applications, a multiresolution finite element method is presented. The new model of SGW beam element is constructed. The first three natural frequencies of the rotor with different crack location and size were solved with SGW beam elements, and the database for crack diagnosis is obtained. The first three metrical natural frequencies are employed as inputs of the database and the intersection of the three frequencies contour lines predicted the normalized crack location and size. With the Bently RK4 rotor test rig, rotors with different crack location and size are tested and diagnosed. The experimental results denote the cracks quantitative identification method has higher identification precision. With SGW finite element method, a novel method is presented that has higher precision and faster computing speed to identify the crack location and size.