CT特征重建技术研究

传统的CT重建技术在检测物体内部细小缺陷时,具有噪声难以滤除、分辨率低、对比度差等特点,滤波器设计和实现具有难度.文中提出一种特征CT重建技术,能有效改善上述缺陷,它是以突现构件特征为目的的CT重建算法,重建图像的目的不是达到整体图像质量最好,而是从突现重建图像特征出发,达到重建图像作用.文中首先介绍了二维及三维特征CT重建算法理论,并通过详细分析、实验结果与参数计算的对比,验证了特征CT重建方法在高频信息、抗噪能力、滤波器设计及实现速度方面的明显优势.     

基于结构先验信息的磁探测电阻抗成像算法研究

为了提高磁探测电阻抗成像中图像分辨率,提出了一种基于结构先验信息的磁探测电阻抗成像算法。通过水平集方法对预处理后CT图像进行分割,获得结构先验信息图像;进而建立模拟肺水肿病变的仿真模型,并结合灵敏度矩阵算法进行重建,获得MDEIT重建图像。仿体实验结果表明:基于结构先验信息的磁探测电阻抗成像算法减少了重建图像的伪影,使重建的电导率图像相对误差从88.47%减少到33.39%;图像相关系数也从0.33提升到0.81,验证了基于结构先验信息的磁探测电阻抗重建算法,在重建图像结构和电导率重建数值精度方面相比传统重建算法都有了显著提高,为磁探测电阻抗成像的临床应用奠定了基础。     

CT特征重建技术研究（英文）

传统的CT重建技术在检测物体内部细小缺陷时,具有噪声难以滤除、分辨率低、对比度差等特点,滤波器设计和实现具有难度。文中提出一种特征CT重建技术,能有效改善上述缺陷,它是以突现构件特征为目的的CT重建算法,重建图像的目的不是达到整体图像质量最好,而是从突现重建图像特征出发,达到重建图像作用。文中首先介绍了二维及三维特征CT重建算法理论,并通过详细分析、实验结果与参数计算的对比,验证了特征CT重建方法在高频信息、抗噪能力、滤波器设计及实现速度方面的明显优势。     

MIT中反投影矩阵的计算与数据处理方法

反投影算法是磁感应断层成像技术(MIT)中一种有效的图像重建算法.该算法中反投影矩阵的计算与检测数据的处理是提高重建图像质量的关键.依据磁感应断层像原理,提出了一种有效的MIT反投影矩阵计算方法和检测数据的处理方法.在所建立的仿真模型和实际模型基础上,分别运用该方法进行了图像重建实验与分析.实验结果表明,该方法应用在反投影算法中可以实现MIT图像重建.重建图像能准确反映成像区域内部电导率变化,具有较高分辨率,扰动目标定位准确,形状信息清晰可见.进而验证了该方法的可靠性和有效性.     

基于共轭投影平均的显微CT图像降噪算法

基于正弦图的冗余信息,提出了一种显微CT图像降噪算法。该方法依据共轭投影场强服从相同参数的泊松分布这一规律,将对应共轭投影值求平均得到新的投影数据,然后利用滤波反投影算法重建CT图像。实际的实验结果证明,该方法可以有效抑制CT图像噪声,平滑区信噪比可以提高倍左右,且基本不损失空间分辨率。     

工业CT断层图像缺陷检测的可视化方法研究

针对工业CT断层图像缺陷检测中的传统二维图像处理方法,提出了将三维可视化技术应用于二维灰度图像缺陷检测领域的算法流程.应用该算法流程,系统能够充分利用CT断层灰度图像信息,获得清晰的三维视觉效果,从而显著增强了系统检测缺陷的能力.在大型工业CT图像重建与检查分系统中采用该算法流程取得了较为理想的效果.     

多断层融合的肺CT肿瘤靶区超分辨率重建

针对由曝光不均、噪声等因素引起的病灶区CT数据漏检、边界模糊等问题,设计了一种多方向神经网络(NN)插值算法。通过融合各断层层内和层间信息,对病灶区进行精确超分辨率重建。首先,将预测网络拓展为多方向三维空间;然后,根据肿瘤特殊灰度分布特征,设计最优初始权值;最后,预测漏检数据,提高病灶区分辨率。将本文算法与当前具有代表性的3种超分辨率重建算法PCGLS法、180°线性插值、单方向神经网络方法进行比较,结果表明:本文方法实时性更好,迭代次数平均减少25.9%,重建图像病灶区定位更精确,空间分辨率更高,质心偏离度平均降低27.1%,中心偏离度平均降低23.0%,病灶面积平均减少21.5%,平均PSNR提高了1.59 dB。本算法不但适用于肺部CT图像,也可以根据具体图像特征推广到其他生物信号和遥感图像等领域中。     

应用变权全变分重建抑制CT金属伪影

提出一种基于变权全变分(RWTV)迭代重建的金属伪影校正算法以抑制CT系统重建图像中出现的金属伪影。该算法应用自定义的权值函数对全变分模型做加权惩罚,生成权值全变分模型;通过交替解权值全变分最小化过程和更新权值步骤实现变权全变分重建算法。应用该算法对数值模型和临床图像前向投影生成的投影数据分别进行了重建实验。数值模型实验结果表明:在60个采样角度下,用提出算法重建的图像具有最高的空间分辨率特性;且信噪比值较平滑插值金属伪影校正算法、全变分约束最优化算法的重建结果分别高出17.523 6和7.145 2dB。临床数据实验结果表明:该算法重建结果有效抑制了CT金属伪影,清晰重建出颅骨内的细节解剖结构,极大提高了重建图像的质量。     

基于自相似性与多任务高斯过程回归的单帧图像超分辨率重建

在单帧图像超分辨率问题中,基于高斯过程回归的超分辨率算法没有挖掘相似图像片间的关联关系或者无差别地用相似图像片来扩充训练集合,都会导致重建的高分辨率图像中存在明显的噪声和伪影。对此提出了一种基于多任务高斯过程回归的超分辨率算法。该算法通过引入多任务学习思想,将输入的低分辨率图像进行分片处理,把每一个图像片的超分辨率过程视为一个任务。在对相似任务建模的过程中,通过最优化求解的参数集合来体现任务间的共性及差异,从而使模型的泛化能力和预测精度得以提高,在重建高分辨率图像清晰锐利的同时,噪声和伪影受到明显抑制。用常见的测试图像以及公开的图像测试集合进行的大量试验表明该算法在主观评价和客观评价两个方面均优于同类型算法及当前经典算法,峰值信噪比较其它常见超分辨率算法可提高约0.5dB。     

锥束XCT重建算法的实现

计算机断层成像(CT)是一门用来获取观测目标断层图像的技术,它广泛地应用于医疗诊断和工业无损检测等领域.与CT系统其他部分比,重建算法是其核心,本文实现了锥束CT重建的三种算法:FDK算法、Katsev-ich算法和EM算法,并对这三种算法进行了比较研究.     

Fast reconstruction of computerized tomography images based on the cross-entropy method

Computerized tomography (CT) has been applied to multi-phase flow measurement in recent years. Image reconstruction of CT often involves repeatedly solving large-dimensional matrix equations, which are computationally expensive, especially for the case of on-line flow regime identification. In this paper, a minimum cross-entropy (MCE) reconstruction based on wavelet multi-resolution processing, i.e., an MRMCE method, is proposed for fast reconstruction of CT images. Each row of the system’s matrix is transformed by 1-D wavelet decomposition. A regularized MCE solution is obtained using the simultaneous multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (SMART) at a coarse resolution level, where important information of the reconstructed image is contained. Then the solution in the finest resolution is obtained by inverse fast wavelet transformation (IFWT). Both computer simulation and experimental work were carried out for oil-gas two-phase flow regimes. Results obtained indicate that the MRMCE method improves the resolution of the reconstructed images and dramatically reduces the computation time compared with the traditional linear back-projection (LBP), MCE and algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) methods. Furthermore, the new method can also be used to accurately estimate the local time-averaged void fraction of dynamic two-phase flow. It is suitable for on-line multi-phase flow measurement.     

A modified conjugate gradient method based on the Tikhonov system for computerized tomography (CT)

During the past few decades, computerized tomography (CT) was widely used for non-destructive testing (NDT) and non-destructive examination (NDE) in the industrial area because of its characteristics of non-invasiveness and visibility. Recently, CT technology has been applied to multi-phase flow measurement. Using the principle of radiation attenuation measurements along different directions through the investigated object with a special reconstruction algorithm, cross-sectional information of the scanned object can be worked out. It is a typical inverse problem and has always been a challenge for its nonlinearity and ill-conditions. The Tikhonov regulation method is widely used for similar ill-posed problems. However, the conventional Tikhonov method does not provide reconstructions with qualities good enough, the relative errors between the reconstructed images and the real distribution should be further reduced. In this paper, a modified conjugate gradient (CG) method is applied to a Tikhonov system (MCGT method) for reconstructing CT images. The computational load is dominated by the number of independent measurements m, and a preconditioner is imported to lower the condition number of the Tikhonov system. Both simulation and experiment results indicate that the proposed method can reduce the computational time and improve the quality of image reconstruction.     

An extension of laser-interferometric CT measurement to unsteady shock waves and 3D flow around a columnar object

The 3D laser-interferometric CT measurement of the unsteady flow field induced by shock wave discharging from a circular nozzle next to a short columnar object in a shock tube experiment is presented as an extension of previous work of 3D measurement of open flow field. The 3D density distribution around the object is reconstructed with FBP (filtered back projection) and MLEM (maximum likelihood expectation maximization) algorithm from the incomplete projection data caused by the obstruction of the observation light for interferometry with an object in a test section. The 3D density-gradient distributions are also evaluated from the resultant 3D density distribution, we demonstrate that laser-interferometric CT measurement of interaction field of shock waves and an object come to sight.     

动态电容层析成像图像重建算法

提出了融合ECT测量信息和被测对象动态演化信息的新型图像重建模型;基于Tikhonov正则化方法,建立一个同时考虑了ECT测量信息、被测对象动态演化信息、时间与空间约束的新型图像重建目标泛涵,将图像重建问题转化为最优化问题;提出了集成分裂Bregman迭代法优势的新型算法求解该目标泛涵。数值仿真结果表明,所提出的图像重建算法其图像重建质量均优于OIOR算法、STR算法及PLI算法;同时由于所提出的图像重建算法同时考虑了测量数据和重建模型的不精确性,其抵抗测量噪声的能力得以提高。     

一种皮鞋内腔尺寸CT测量仪

针对目前皮鞋内腔尺寸测量尚无有效的测量方法，致使制鞋业的产品设计生产落后、皮鞋的档次低及品种少的实际情况，本文研究开发了一种基于CT技术的皮鞋内腔尺寸自动测量仪。皮鞋内腔尺寸CT测量仪由6个部分组成，即X射线源与前准直器、探测系统、机械扫描及控制系统、主计算机系统、图像重建与处理系统及尺寸测量分析系统。研究结果表明，重建出的皮鞋内腔CT图像清晰，尺寸误差〈0．4mm，达到了设计使用的要求，为皮鞋内腔尺寸的无损测量提供了一种新的检测手段。     

Regularization parameter optimization based on the constraint of Landweber algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography

Image reconstruction algorithms play an important role in practical applications of electrical capacitance tomography. In the present paper, a combined image reconstruction method is proposed, which takes the results of Landweber algorithm as the constraint condition of Tikhonov algorithm's regularization parameter, calculates the regular parameter, inverts the inverse matrix of sensitivity matrix, and finally obtains the dielectric constant distribution; thus, reconstructed images with improved clarity were obtained. Simulation test are carried out to evaluate and analyze the proposed method from image error, correlation coefficient, image reconstruction time, and anti-noise ability. The results revealed that the Tikhonov regularization algorithm had excellent anti-noise ability; thus, it significantly improved the clarity of reconstructed images and clearly distinguished the multi-phase flow pattern and distribution.     

金字塔光流三维运动估计与深度重建直接方法

针对基于图像序列光流的三维运动估计与深度重建问题,提出一种基于图像金字塔光流的三维运动估计与深度重建直接方法。首先根据光流计算亮度守恒假设和像素点光流与三维空间点运动的对应关系推导出基于图像亮度的三维运动守恒假设;然后借鉴变分原理,通过设计基于L1模型的鲁棒数据项以及图像与运动联合控制的平滑项构造基于变分光流的三维运动估计能量函数;为了应对图像序列中包含的大位移运动及运动遮挡问题,采用图像金字塔分层策略设计三维运动估计模型;最后根据图像三维运动估计结果重建图像中运动物体或场景的深度信息。实验表明,该方法能够较好地应对图像序列中光照变化、多目标大位移运动以及运动遮挡等情况,具有较高的三维运动估计与深度重建精度和较好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于CT图像反求技术的实体几何造型方法

基于 CT图像的反求是反求工程中的重要内容 ,由 CT图像反求重建出的表面模型只包含了表面几何信息 ,而实体几何模型具有完备的几何和拓扑信息。针对 CAD造型系统中实体模型的特点 ,本文提出一种基于 CT图像反求技术的实体几何造型方法。应用 CT图像反求技术重建出物体的三维表面模型 ,在重建出的拟合曲面三角片序列的基础上 ,采用半边结构来表达重建的表面模型 ,并将该过程作为本研究所开发的特征造型原型系统 3D-Modeler2 .0中的一种造型方法     

CT数据三维重建及可视化技术的研究

根据CT图像特点,运用计算机图形、图像和三维可视化技术,开发了一套基于医用X-CT的三维重建原型系统,实现对二维有序CT的浏览、图像分割及重建图像显示等操作.介绍了系统的结构和各种算法的实现.试验结果表明,该系统满足临床辅助诊断和手术计划制定的要求.     

Data fusion in dual-mode tomography for imaging oil–gas two-phase flow

Process tomography (PT) techniques have been developed rapidly for visualizing the internal behavior of industrial processes, e.g. multi-phase flow measurement. Most of tomography systems employ a single measurement technique, such as computerized tomography (CT), optical tomography (OT), electrical resistance tomography (ERT) or electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). It is now possible to fit two or more tomographic systems to an industrial process. Detailed information from different modalities can be gained by inspection of separate tomographs, and the advantage of the strongest features provided by each unit can be taken. A combined tomogram can be produced of superior quality to any of the separate tomograms. To maximize the information available from the combined tomographic system, data fusion is the better option. In this paper, a dual-mode tomography system based on capacitance sensor and gamma sensor was developed to capture oil–gas two-phase flow. The two modalities can work at the same time. Two fusion methods, namely image fusion method and data fusion method, are proposed. Both simulation and static experiments for oil–gas two-phase flow were conducted. The reconstruction results of different fusion methods and modalities were compared and discussed.