高色散系数线性渐变滤光片的研制

采用双离子束溅射物理沉积方法,通过修正线性渐变沉积速率制备了高透过率、高色散系数的线性渐变滤光片。在不同材料的膜厚修正过程中,通过匹配高低折射率材料的线性渐变趋势来减小两种材料的失配误差。利用微小光斑测试方法获得了线性渐变滤光片的线性渐变光谱数据,使用扫描电子显微镜表征了滤光片的表面形貌及微观结构。测试结果表明:制备的线性渐变滤光片各个位置的中心波长峰值透过率均达到85%以上,其工作波长为650~1 050nm,中心波长的线性变化率为20nm/mm,线性度误差在5nm以内,带外截止度在0.1%以下。制备的线性渐变滤光片不仅具有好的光谱特性,也具有良好的稳定性,完全满足滤光片在空间应用时对小型化、集成化和稳定性的需求。     

基于等效层理论的薄膜滤光片中心波长消偏振膜系设计

针对薄膜滤光片倾斜入射时产生的偏振光中心波长分离现象和偏振相关损耗,本文利用等效层理论设计了倾斜入射下中心波长消偏振的100GHz信道间隔滤光片膜系结构,实现了薄膜滤光片的角度和波长调谐。首先通过相位关系分析,计算了滤光片间隔层的消偏振等效折射率,实现了不同偏振光中心波长的对准。然后,根据等效层理论,设计三层对称膜层结构实现了对间隔层中心波长消偏振等效折射率的替换。与原有的五层规整低偏振薄膜滤光片相比,本文提出的膜系结构更为简单,对消偏振等效折射率的替换更为精确。仿真和实验结果表明:该膜系结构的薄膜滤光片能实现0~20°倾斜入射的偏振光中心波长对准,偏振光波长偏离度小于0.03nm,波长调谐范围能达到35nm。     

线性渐变滤光片的制备与测试

线性渐变滤光片是一种在小型快速分光测试设备中广泛应用的光学薄膜器件。讨论了各种线性渐变滤光片的设计方法;给出了用离子辅助沉积(IAD)工艺制备线性渐变滤光片的膜厚修正方法;并分析了线性渐变滤光片光谱测试时,滤光片线性色散系数,测试光斑尺寸对其光谱特性的影响,给出了相应的测试方法和测试结果。     

日盲紫外滤光片的带外截止深度测试

针对全日盲紫外滤光片,建立了以窄带光发射二极管（LED）作为基本光源的超大动态范围滤光片带外截止深度测试系统,并分析了系统的测试误差。该系统主要由LED光源,已知衰减系数的标准反射式中性衰减片以及光电倍增管组成。基于替代法,系统测试时将LED光源通过衰减片后的输出电流作为参考电流值替代光源的初始电流值,通过对比运算获得滤光片的带外截止深度。针对系统中的反射式衰减片,文中还提出一种组合衰减片方法,以保证光电倍增管始终工作在线性响应范围内,从而实现对滤光片的超大动态范围的截止深度测试。实验结果表明,在350~800 nm谱段内,该测试系统可测滤光片的带外截止深度延伸至11-OD,不确定度小于2%,相对重复性误差小于0.2%。该系统结构简单,测试谱段范围宽、可测动态范围大且精度高,可广泛用于滤光片的截止深度测试。     

线性渐变滤光片的制备方法研究

提出了一种离子束刻蚀制备线性渐变滤光片(LVOF)的方法。离子束刻蚀过程中,通过在样片和离子束出射窗口之间加入开有三角形透射窗口的挡板以及样片水平方向多次来回运动完成楔形谐振腔层制备,配合离子束辅助反应电子束真空镀膜技术,完成线性渐变滤光片的制作。设计三组不同刻蚀次数的制作实验,制作出了工作波长为500~580 nm、线色散系数为1.03 nm·mm~(-1)的线性渐变滤光片。实验结果表明,通过调节样品台运动速率或者刻蚀次数,能够制备出具有预期楔角谐振腔层的线性渐变滤光片。     

一种立方棱镜带通滤光片的设计

提出了低偏振分离的立方棱镜带通滤光片的设计方法。为减小光在立方棱镜中s、p偏振光的偏振分离,采用三种材料来构成带通滤光片的反射镜,并采用不同折射率排列的反射镜结构构成嵌入式的多个带通滤光片,既提高了s、p偏振光的通带透射率,又减小了s、p偏振光在通带中的偏振分离和偏振位相差。通过改变反射镜的基本周期数和滤光片的周期数,可以调节滤光片的通带宽度和截止度,经膜厚优化,得到满意的设计结果。     

可见区圆形渐变滤光片

本文介绍了可见区圆形渐变滤光片(VCVF)。这是一种膜层厚度沿着圆形通路成线性变化的典型滤光片,这种滤光片的带宽可达10～50毫微米,峰值透过率为15～50％。本文还讨论了这种滤光片的制备工艺,其特点是在蒸发源与被镀制的基片之间采用二个旋转掩膜挡板,以获得膜层厚度的变化。这种滤光片具有一系列的优点,可以用于诸如热量计、光度计和水污染分析仪器等仪器仪表中。     

周期性渐变折射率光学薄膜的设计及光谱特性分析

分析折射率呈不同函数分布的周期性渐变折射率薄膜的光谱特性,分析表明光谱曲线具有负滤光片的特性。分别从最低和最高折射率、周期数、周期厚度的角度,对用共蒸法制备的周期性渐变折射率薄膜光谱特性进行了详细分析讨论。结果表明截止带中心波长和截止带宽度与周期厚度成线性关系,截止带中心波长的反射率与周期数成三次多项式关系。用堆叠和叠加两种方法设计渐变折射率多截止带负滤光片,并分析两种方法在共蒸法方式制备下的优缺点。最后总结出了渐变折射率负滤光片的设计方法。     

遗传算法在偏振干涉滤光片设计中的应用

期望输出的给定是偏振干涉滤光片设计的关键。首次采用遗传算法对期望输出进行全局优化 ,并详细分析了其实现过程。设计出的偏振干涉滤光片输出光谱具有过渡带宽窄且波纹小等显著优点 ,现已成功应用到LCOS液晶投影仪的分色 /合色系统中     

深背景高陡度荧光滤光片

荧光滤光片是应用于生物医学和生命科学仪器的关键元件。介绍了深背景、高截止陡度荧光滤光片的设计和镀制工艺。采用优化设计HB-βBPF膜系,提高荧光滤光片的隔离度。分析了散射对背景深度的影响,通过优化工艺参数,降低散射。研制的荧光滤光片截止陡度小于10nm(OD0.3~OD5的波长间隔),邻域背景达到OD7~OD8。     

基于矢模糊函数的旋转机械故障诊断方法的研究

结合全矢谱技术与模糊函数,提出了一种矢模糊函数的新概念。定义的矢模糊函数继承了全矢谱技术与模糊函数各自的优点,既能全面地反应机械振动的全面性,又能很好地抑制Wigner分布中的交叉项干扰。阐述了矢模糊函数的定义、算法及其特点,并把矢模糊函数成功地应用到旋转机械故障诊断中。为了对比分析,还通过类似的方法定义了矢Wigner分布。仿真和实验结果表明,提出的矢模糊函数在旋转机械故障诊断中是非常有效的,矢模糊函数优于矢Wigner分布。     

搅拌棒萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析地表水中合成麝香及紫外线吸收剂

建立了搅拌棒萃取-溶剂解吸结合气相色谱-质谱法测定水样中16种合成麝香及2种紫外线吸收剂。实验优化了萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取体积、pH值、离子强度、溶剂解吸条件等参数，最终确定使用50 mL水样在40 ℃下搅拌提取4 h后，采用1.2 mL溶剂超声解吸后直接浓缩分析。该方法的线性范围为2~120 μg/L，线性相关系数大于0.996，各化合物的加标回收率在68.5%~126%之间，相对标准偏差范围为2.3%~14.9%，方法检出限在0.003~0.038 μg/L之间。应用该方法分析北京市内不同采样点的7个地表水样品，结果表明，佳乐麝香的检出率最高，浓度在0.003~0.337 μg/L之间。该方法操作简单、有机溶剂使用量少，可以实现分析测试快速、绿色的目的，能够用于实际水样中合成麝香和紫外线吸收剂的同时准确分析。     

PLC基于开关量实现模拟量输出的方法

为了低成本地实现PLC模拟量输出控制,提出了利用PLC开关量输出实现模拟量输出的方法。采用脉宽调制技术,通过控制脉冲占空比的方法控制PLC晶体管开关量输出信号;使用平滑电路以提高所输出的模拟量信号的线性度,使其具有输出一定范围的模拟量的功能,并拓展了PLC晶体管开关量输出的功能。研究结果表明,该方法的使用大大降低了设备成本的投入,可应用于对模拟量信号分辨率及精度要求不高的场合,具有一定的实用价值。     

便携式可见分光光度计测定桂圆中二氧化硫

采用便携式可见分光光度计测定桂圆中二氧化硫含量。结果表明,二氧化硫在0~120mg/kg范围内线性关系为y=0.99Abx-0.007,相关系数为0.999;重复性为9.0%。与实验室检测数据相比偏差为2.2%~9.0%。实验证明便携式可见分光光度计测定桂圆中二氧化硫的结果与实验室测定结果相当,可以用于桂圆中二氧化硫含量。     

光学干涉滤光片的石英晶体膜厚自动监控技术

介绍了用石英晶体膜厚控制仪全自动生产光学干涉滤光片的系统结构、镀膜参数和主要结果。讨论了通过改进离子辅助镀膜工艺提高T iO2薄膜折射率稳定性对于应用石英晶体膜厚监控技术的重要性。     

Fabrication and characteristics of mesh band-pass filters

Mesh band-pass filters for 300-, 450-, 600-, and 750-GHz central frequencies are designed and manufactured. Copper and aluminum foil and foil-clad Teflon filters were made by chemical and ionic etching methods, and an aluminum film evaporated on a kapton film was formed by the lift-off lithography method. A gold layer was electrolytically applied on copper mesh filters. Characteristics of the filters were measured in the millimeter, submillimeter, and infrared (IR) ranges. Foil filters demonstrate better characteristics at lower frequencies, while filters with evaporated films have better characteristics at upper frequencies. The smallest transmission loss was 0.13 dB. For a combination consisting of four filters, this loss was 0.9 dB. The IR radiation attenuation in a 2.5- to 25.0-μm wavelength region was no less than 11 dB per filter.     

Scanning electron microscopic observation of microvasculature in periodontium.

In this study, vascular resin cast models in the periodontium of beagle dogs were prepared and three-dimensional observation of the relationship between the gingiva and periodontal ligament (PDL) vascular network was performed. After the perfusion of Ringer's solution and fixative, synthetic resin was injected from the inferior alveolar arteries. Soft tissue was digested by proteinase solution and specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gingival vascular network (GVN) in the region facing the teeth consisted of sulcular and junctional epithelium. The vascular network of the sulcular epithelium (SE) had a renal glomerulus-like form and the junctional epithelium (JE) consisted of squamous mesh. The gingival sulcular fluid exudated from the vascular network directly beneath the JE, and leukocytes permeated from the vascular network beneath the epithelium. Thus, we considered that the GVN performs an important function in the protection against the inflammation. Periodontal ligament had a polygonal mesh vascular network that was anastomosed to the venous plexus of alveolar bone through Volkmann's canals (VC). When occlusal force was applied, the blood in the periodontal vessels flowed out through VC into the bone marrow, and when the force was removed, it flowed backward into the PDL. This blood transfer acted as an absorber against occlusal force. Our findings suggest that the blood vessels of the gingiva perform an important function in defending against inflammation, while the blood vessels of the PDL play a key role in absorbing occlusal force.     

超声波在纠偏系统中的应用

文章针对卷纺行业中的纠偏控制系统,设计了一套高精度超声波传感器。通过提高超声波的发射频率来提高传感器的线性度,采用双路信号补偿工业现场中的各种环境干扰,采用模拟和数字两级滤波去除电信号传递的干扰。该系统精度高,抗干扰能力强,也可用于其他相应场合。     

痕量四环素药物残余物液质联用分析及鉴定

本文利用API-LC/MS探讨了痕量四环素的检测方法,证明该方法具备灵敏度高、定量准确等特点,符合国际上通用的检测要求。     

Frequency weighting filter design for automotive ride comfort evaluation

Few study gives guidance to design weighting filters according to the frequency weighting factors,and the additional evaluation method of automotive ride comfort is not made good use of in some countries.Based on the regularities of the weighting factors,a method is proposed and the vertical and horizontal weighting filters are developed.The whole frequency range is divided several times into two parts with respective regularity.For each division,a parallel filter constituted by a low-and a high-pass filter with the same cutoff frequency and the quality factor is utilized to achieve section factors.The cascading of these parallel filters obtains entire factors.These filters own a high order.But,low order filters are preferred in some applications.The bilinear transformation method and the least P-norm optimal infinite impulse response(IIR) filter design method are employed to develop low order filters to approximate the weightings in the standard.In addition,with the window method,the linear phase finite impulse response(FIR) filter is designed to keep the signal from distorting and to obtain the staircase weighting.For the same case,the traditional method produces 0.330 7 m · s~(–2) weighted root mean square(r.m.s.) acceleration and the filtering method gives 0.311 9 m · s~(–2) r.m.s.The fourth order filter for approximation of vertical weighting obtains 0.313 9 m · s~(–2) r.m.s.Crest factors of the acceleration signal weighted by the weighting filter and the fourth order filter are 3.002 7 and 3.011 1,respectively.This paper proposes several methods to design frequency weighting filters for automotive ride comfort evaluation,and these developed weighting filters are effective.