某客车传动轴异响分析及振动性能提升

针对某款中巴客车在60~80 km/h速度行驶中,出现整体车内噪声水平偏大、地板振动较大问题,利用噪声图和振动瀑布彩图数据分析得出共振源为传动轴中间支撑支架。根据隔振理论和有限元分析,通过减低中间支撑橡胶刚度和增加中间支撑支架固有频率,较大幅度降低了整车共振现象,车内噪声整体降低了4 d B(A)。这种方法在解决传动轴异响、结构优化设计及试验验证工作中具有重要参考意义。     

空调室外机机壳模态仿真与试验研究

针对某款空调室外机机壳振动噪声大的问题,采用模态分析的研究方法对空调室外机机壳进行结构优化设计。对空调室外机机壳整体进行了不同方案的模态分析,获得整机机壳的前十阶固有频率与振型,将其与锤击法试验所测整机机壳模态结果进行了对比,结果表明：采用顶板无螺栓侧不添加约束条件的模拟方法获得的整机机壳模态更符合试验测试结果,两者误差在3%以内。在此基础上,分别对机壳各结构件进行了模态分析,获得了每一结构件的前3阶固有频率与振型,并对底板、支架关键部件提出了优化方案。通过对室外机机壳减小底板的筋的面积以及增加筋的数量优化钣金件结构,可调整整体结构的固有频率,避开压缩机工作频率以及共振现象产生,有效地改善了振动噪声大的问题。     

基于多目标形貌优化方法的低噪声油底壳研究

为了有效降低油底壳的辐射噪声，在设计阶段对初始油底壳的振动噪声水平进行了预测和评估，据此提出了以下结构优化方案：结合模态试验技术建立准确的初始油底壳辐射噪声预测数值模型，根据噪声预测结果，识别出对油底壳整体辐射噪声贡献度较大的峰值频率;结合油底壳自身固有频率，以降低油底壳整体辐射噪声为总目标，以降低预测噪声频谱中各主要峰值频率成分为子目标，建立多目标优化函数，进行油底壳结构形貌优化设计。结果表明,优化前整体噪声声压级为100.23 dB,在合理布置板材冲压加强筋后，整体噪声降低了2.79dB。此优化方案减少了单目标形貌优化“设计-试验-改进设计”的重复性和主观性，降低了产品设计的成本，缩短了产品开发周期。     

基于接触面优化方法和整体仿真的压缩式压电振动传感器固有频率优化

振动传感器的固有频率范围决定了工作带宽上限,其固有频率的优化是设计中的重要一项。在压缩式压电振动传感器的固有频率优化中,存在缺少ANSYS的适应性优化方法和缺少整体仿真的问题。针对这2个问题,分析了压电振动传感器的结构和ANSYS有限元分析工具的特点,提出了一种基于ANSYS接触工具和网格分布分析的整体仿真接触面优化方法,优化了ANSYS有限元分析仿真固有频率的精确度。在此基础上开展了不同结构参数传感器的固有频率整体仿真。通过整体仿真,确定了这些参数对固有频率的影响,其中一些参数对固有频率影响与部分仿真的结果并不一致,验证了整体仿真的必要性。研究结果可以指导传感器设计中对固有频率的优化。     

基于有限元分析的轮胎振动特性优化

轮胎的振动特性对汽车驾驶室内产生的噪声有显著影响,对轮胎振动特性进行优化有重要意义.以某型轮胎为研究对象,基于有限元方法建立轮胎的动力学模型,求解三种振动条件下的模态固有频率,并通过调整轮胎的结构参数优化轮胎的振动频率,进而有效抑制共振,达到降低汽车驾驶室内噪声的目的.     

方波无刷直流电机定子振动的有限元分析

方波无刷直流电机(BLDCM)定子固有频率的研究对降低电机的噪声和优化控制策略具有重要意义.采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了BLDCM的二维和三维定子振动的有限元分析模型,研究了BLDCM定子结构和参数对其振动模态和固有频率的影响.     

声致薄壁管道破坏抑制机理及实验研究

本文将Helmholtz共振吸声结构应用于压缩机降噪与振动控制中,研究了共振吸声阵列结构的设计理论,并设计和加工了相应的扩压器和管道实验器。通过多方案的对比实验,验证了设计理论的正确性和实验器的有效性。研究发现,Helmholtz吸声阵列结构对管道高频振动起到很好的抑制作用,且几乎不影响压缩机的工作效率。对高频宽范围内噪声起到了很好的消减作用,可以对声致破坏进行有效治理。最高可降低声压级约26d B,最低也在7d B左右,平均声压级可降低约10d B。     

小型柴油发电机组隔声罩结构优化设计研究

采用实验手段研究了小型柴油发电机组的噪声源和噪声特性,对不同频率范围的噪声提出了具体可行的隔声罩结构优化措施。针对结构隔声量,分析板结构质量是影响隔声罩隔声量的主要因素,采用拓扑优化方法进行优化设计,使1 000 Hz频率以下噪声隔声量达13.16 d B(A);对隔声罩通风口处的声能泄露,确定中高频噪声为噪声控制主要目标,在考虑管道内存在高次波传播的情况下,分析管道隔板位置和大小对传递损失的影响,采用遗传算法设计和优化通风管道结构,减少高次波的传播,使1 000 Hz~3 500 Hz频率范围内噪声传递损失达30.3 d B(A)。通过以上措施,小型柴油发电机组7 m处的噪声降低至60.7 d B(A)。     

基于振动噪声的柴油机油底壳结构优化研究

基于模态参数的动态特性,针对某型柴油机振动噪声超标问题,利用有限元软件ABAQUS的模态分析功能对主要噪声源油底壳的自由模态进行计算,从固有频率方面着手优化其结构。优化后的其固有频率大幅提高,经整机振动噪声测试,减振降噪效果明显,解决了振动噪声超标问题。     

某工程机械的减振降噪研究

针对某工程机械存在振动和噪声突出的问题，结合实验测试和仿真模拟，对其减振和降噪性能进行分析与优化。通过分析振动加速度频谱探究振动过大的原因，并利用模态分析实现故障再现，据此对机械结构进行优化设计及试验验证；通过对机械的现场测试和耳旁噪声源分析，探究噪声过高的原因，并据此对不同噪声源提出优化方案，进行对应的仿真和试验验证。结果表明：振动放大问题是由于驾驶室底板与发动机的激振频率发生共振所致，通过结构优化规避了这一现象，优化后的振动传递率已满足要求；对于噪声过高问题，通过针对性的噪声源分析及优化降低了操纵室内噪声，使该工程机械的舒适性得到了明显改善。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.