排气背压对发动机性能影响的研究

为研究排气背压对发动机扭矩、功率以及燃油消耗率的影响,通过分析排气背压对功率损失和充量系数的影响机理,利用相关台架试验,获得在不同背压时的发动机各个性能参数的变化曲线,分析其动力性及经济性的影响。结合理论分析及台架试验研究结果可得出:排气背压的增大会在一定程度上导致油耗增大、功率和扭矩降低,并且在不同转速范围内背压所造成的影响也不同。     

DOC辅助DPF再生方法研究

在氧化型催化转化器上游排气管中喷入柴油,使其与发动机尾气混合,通过催化转化器使柴油氧化并发出热量来提高发动机的尾气温度,从而实现颗粒物捕集器的再生.整个系统由喷油器、氧化型催化转化器及颗粒物捕集器组成.在发动机台架上对该系统的再生特性进行研究,包括不同模拟车速及不同喷油量时氧化型催化转化器后尾气所能达到的温度;再生时催化转化器后尾气的温升特性;再生时捕集器的背压特性;再生方法的经济性及二次污染分析.结果表明:模拟车速大于60 km/h便可以进行喷油再生;整个再生时间为330 s;再生方法的经济性较好,二次污染物主要为HC和CO.     

DOC+POC对柴油机尾气排放的影响研究

在一台增压四缸柴油机排气管上加装氧化催化转化器(DOC)和微粒氧化催化转化器(POC)前后进行ESC循环测试,研究了DOC+POC对柴油机经济性能和尾气排放性能的影响。试验结果表明柴油机在加安装DOC+POC后,燃油消耗率在大负荷时略有增大;CO和HC排放基本为零;各个负荷下排放都有下降;由于POC捕集微粒的作用,烟度下降了50%。可以得出DOC+POC对降低柴油机污染物有良好的效果且对柴油机经济性能影响不大。     

DOC/CDPF对防爆柴油机性能的影响

为研究排气后处理设备对防爆柴油机性能的影响,以发动机台架试验为平台,对比在防爆柴油机上分别安装氧化型催化转换器(DOC)、催化型颗粒捕集器(CDPF)、催化型连续性再生颗粒捕集器(DOC+CDPF)后对发动机性能的影响。防爆柴油机加装了进排气阻火器和水洗箱,在此基础上,尾气净化装置单独使用DOC时,可使CO、NOx和PM排放分别降低91.2%、37.3%和13%、燃油油耗率减少5.4%、排气压力和温度都降低15.6%;单独使用CDPF时,可使CO、NOx和PM排放分别降低85.3%、2.5%和92.2%、燃油油耗率减少4.5%、排气压力和温度分别增加1.6%和减少7.2%;使用DOC+CDPF时,可使CO、NOx和PM排放分别降低97.1%、25.5%和96.8%、燃油油耗率减少5.5%、排气压力和温度分别降低36.4%和14.2%。使用DOC+CDPF后,防爆柴油机的性能有明显改善。     

柴油发动机燃烧技术研究进展

介绍了柴油发动机缸内燃烧诊断技术的发展以及先进的低温燃烧(LTC)策略,包括均质压燃(HCCI)、预混压燃(PCCI)和反应活性控制压燃(RCCI)。低温燃烧策略有助于减少氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放并且会提高发动机效率,其面临的HC和CO排放问题可以通过柴油氧化催化加以控制。和其他低温燃烧策略不同的是,RCCI的燃烧相位可以通过高反应活性燃料和低反应活性燃料之间的混合比例来改变。     

车用发动机排气背压试验及排气系统开发研究

对一款车用汽油机进行排气背压试验,获得不同工况时排气背压对充气系数、功率和油耗率的影响规律,并在6 000r/min试验研究和统计分析使用不同消声器时的排气背压对发动机性能影响,与试验标准对比.最后对与该发动机匹配的汽车行驶状况(发动机不同工况使用频率)进行统计分析.该研究可为排气系统(零部件)设计提供详细参考.     

中外重型车排放标准研究

通过对重型车排放标准的GB 17691—2005《车用压燃式、气体燃料点燃式发动机与汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法 (中国)Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ阶段》排放污染物限值、生产一致性要求及环境保护部标准HJ 437—2008《车用压燃式、气体燃料点燃式发动机与汽车车载诊断(OBD)系统技术要求》对OBD的补充要求,HJ 438—2008《车用压燃式、气体燃料点燃式发动机与汽车排放控制系统耐久性技术要求》对耐久性的补充要求,HJ 439—2008《车用压燃式、气体燃料点燃式发动机与汽车在用符合性要求》对在用车的补充要求的介绍,对北京排放标准DB 11/965—2013《重型汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法 (车载法)》车载法对重型汽车NOX排放限值要求的说明,以及通过对欧盟、美国、日本排放标准的比较,分析我国排放标准与国外的差距。对此,我们需不断提高法规要求,加快重型车污染排放控制工作。     

车用柴油机DOC应对不同细分市场的开发

中国车用柴油机已执行国六排放标准,需要使用柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)才能满足法规要求。本文以某款重型柴油机为基础,搭载多通道排放测试发动机台架,对比不同方案DOC对一氧化氮(NO)转化效率、碳氢(HC)起燃、选择性催化还原(SCR)转化效率等影响,得出DOC配方变化对催化器性能影响的规律。结合车用柴油机在不同细分市场的使用需求,给出满足车辆应用及成本最优的差异化DOC方案。     

高压共轨柴油机DOC/POC/SCR后处理系统的开发研究

本文提出了对在用的高压共轨柴油机满足国Ⅴ排放法规的技术方案。它以32.5%的尿素水溶液为还原剂,采用本文提出的DOC/POC/SCR后处理系统,通过共轨柴油车的发动机台架试验,分析了ESC循环测试下NOx的排放浓度和负荷特性下NOx的排放浓度,结果表明:若仅采用单一的Urea-SCR后处理系统,共轨柴油机排气中的NOx浓度降至300ppm左右,转化率可达到75%,只能满足国Ⅳ的排放法规要求值;而采用本文提出的DOC/POC/SCR后处理系统后,共轨柴油机排气中的CO和HC净化效果显著,NOx浓度降至180ppm左右,转化率可达到85%完全满足了当前实施的国Ⅴ的排放法规,实现了对在用高压共轨柴油机后处理系统的技术升级。     

发动机燃用生物柴油的颗粒可溶有机组分及多环芳烃排放

以一台车用柴油机为样机,研究发动机燃用生物柴油的常规排放,重点探讨其颗粒(Particulate matter,PM)、可溶有机组分(Soluble organic fraction,SOF)及多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的排放特性。所用燃油分别为柴油、生物柴油掺混配比为10%的B10燃油。结果表明,与柴油相比,该车用柴油机燃用B10燃油后颗粒、SOF和PAHs的质量排放均有所降低;NOx排放略有增加,HC和CO排放有所下降。B10燃油燃烧的颗粒SOF中醇类、酮类、醚类质量分数下降;脂类、酸类、醛类质量分数上升。在检测到的12种PAHs中,B10燃油有10种质量排放减少,尤其是苯并(a)芘等高环数致癌性的PAHs降幅明显,这表明发动机燃用生物柴油后,排气颗粒的化学成分毒性有所降低。     

Size distributions and number concentrations of particles from the DOC and CDPF

Particulate matters (PM) from diesel combustion comprise the major portion of harmful components of air in urban areas. In this study, the effects of DOC and/or CDPF on the size distributions and catalytic reactions of these nano-sized particles were investigated to clarify the exhaust mechanism and to minimize the emission of the nano-sized PM. Parameters of interest in the investigation included sulfur content of the fuels used, air-fuel equivalence ratio, fuel injection pressure, and the engine speed. The number concentration of the particles in diluted exhaust gas was measured by a SMPS in the diametric range of 10–385 nm. The number of nanometer-sized particles increased when the engine was operated at high equivalence ratio with diesel fuel that contained 500 ppm of sulfur. As the sulfur concentration in the fuel increased, the number of the particles smaller than 30 nm increased upon passing DOC and CDPF in the exhaust system of the common-rail diesel engine.     

The effect of biodiesel and ultra low sulfur diesel fuels on emissions in 11,000 CC heavy-duty diesel engine

It seems very difficult to comply with upcoming stringent emission standards in vehicles To develop low emission engines, better quality of automotive fuels must be achieved Since sulfur contents in diesel fuels are transformed to sulfate—laden particulate matters as a catalyst is applied, it is necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before any Pt-based oxidation catalysts are applied In general, flash point, distillation 90% and cetane index are improved but viscosity can be worse in the process of desulfunzation of diesel fuel Excessive reduction of sulfur may cause to degrade viscosity of fuels and engine performance in fuel injection systems This research focused on the performance of an 11,000 cc diesel engine and emission characteristics by the introduction of ULSD, bio-diesel and a diesel oxidation catalyst, where the bio—diesel was used to improve viscosity of fuels in fuel injection systems as fuel additives or alternative fuels     

中国首台满足欧VI排放法规车用柴油机在玉柴诞生

6月29日,在玉柴动力大厦广场,玉柴集团董事局主席晏平、国家轿车质量监督检验中心（天津汽车检测中心）副主任史永万、天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室主任尧命发和玉柴机器股份有限公司总经理吴其伟一同掀开了红绸,向世人展示了中国首台欧VI车用柴油机——玉柴6L一60欧VI样机。发布会上,     

Performance and emission studies on an agriculture engine on neat Jatropha oil

Diesel engines have proven their utility in the transportation, agriculture, and power sectors in India. They are also potential sources of decentralized energy generation for rural electrification. Concerns on the long-term availability of petroleum diesel and the stringent environmental norms have mandated the search for a renewable alternative to diesel fuel to address these problems. Vegetable oils have been considered good alternatives to diesel in the past couple of years. However, there are many issues related to the use of vegetable oils in diesel engine. Jatropha curcas has been promoted in India as a sustainable substitute to diesel fuel. This study aims to develop a dual fuel engine test rig for evaluating the potential suitability of Jatropha oil as diesel fuel and for determining the performance and emission characteristics of an engine with Jatropha oil. The experimental results suggest that engine performance using Jatropha oil is slightly inferior to that of diesel fuel. The thermal efficiency of the engine was lower, while the brake-specific fuel consumption was higher with Jatropha oil compared with diesel fuel. The levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from Jatropha oil during the entire duration of the experiment were lower than those of diesel fuel. The reduction of NOx was found to be an important characteristic of Jatropha oil as NOx emission is the most harmful gaseous emission from engines; as such, its reduction is always the goal of engine researchers and makers. During the entire experiment, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the case of using Jatropha oil were higher than when diesel fuel was used. The higher density and viscosity of Jatropha oil causes lower thermal efficiency and higher brakespecific fuel consumption. The performance and emission characteristics found in this study are significant for the study of replacing diesel fuel from fossils with Jatropha oil in rural India, where the availability of diesel has always been a problem.     

柴油润滑性添加剂研究

针对柴油的低硫化引起的喷油泵磨损问题,研制了一种酯类柴油润滑性添加剂。经实验室分析研究,表明研制产品具有优异的润滑性能外,同时还具有一定的抗氧、防腐作用,且具有良好的贮存稳定性以及与柴油其它添加剂的配伍性;苛刻条件下BOSCH高压油泵台架试验后,其润滑性能无明显变化,油泵无明显磨损现象,泵的输出性能没有损失,没有任何有关燃油或者润滑剂的兼容性问题。加入量仅为150~250mg/kg。     

文丘里管废气再循环系统对涡轮增压柴油机性能影响的研究

加装文丘里管的高压废气再循环(Exhaust gas re-circulation,EGR)进气系统,在兼顾柴油机经济性、动力性的前提下,研究该进气系统对NO_x排放的影响。根据一款柴油机的基本结构建立柴油机一维仿真计算模型和燃烧室的三维仿真计算模型。在对模型进行标定和对柴油机原机性能仿真计算的基础上,为进气系统引入文丘里管装置并对其结构参数进行优化设计。应用所建立的一维和三维柴油机模型,对文丘里管EGR系统柴油机的经济性、NO_x和Soot排放特性进行仿真计算研究,并对计算结果进行试验验证。研究结果表明,优化设计的文丘里管EGR系统可使柴油机在欧洲稳态循环(European steady state cycle,ESC)各工况下实现较为理想的EGR率,并在不明显影响柴油机燃油经济性的前提下,使NO_x排放量下降了约28.4%。文丘里管进气系统可以实现较为理想的高压EGR循环,在柴油机ESC工况下(怠速除外)能够达到较为理想的EGR率。     

Performance and emission characteristics of conventional engine running on jatropha oil

A number of studies have recently been conducted to determine a suitable alternative fuel for conventional engine. The use of renewable fuels such as bio-ethanol, biogas, and biodiesel is thus investigated for this purpose. Performance tests were conducted on an indirect injection compression ignition engine by using diesel, unheated jatropha oil (JO), and preheated JO as fuels. The effects of fuel injection pressure and fuel inlet temperature on engine performance and emission for the different fuels were analyzed. Test results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine with heated JO oil is superior to that with unheated JO, increasing from 28.4% with neat unheated JO to a maximum of 30.8%. The brake specific fuel consumption was reduced from 0.301 kg/kWh to 0.266 kg/kWh. Smoke opacity was also reduced relative to the neat unheated JO operation.     

某种轻型客车SCR后处理系统耐硫性研究

高压共轨+SCR技术是发动机实现国Ⅴ排放两种典型路线的一种,而低硫燃油的供应是柴油车实现国Ⅴ排放标准的重要支撑。高硫含量燃油的长期使用势必会导致发动机及后处理系统产生故障,影响顾客的正常使用。以某种轻型客车(GVW3.5t)匹配SCR后处理为例,着重探究SCR后处理在整车实际应用中的耐硫性。     

Study of performance and emission characteristics of IC engines by using diesel–water emulsion

Due to the shortage of petroleum products and its increasing cost, efforts are on to develop alternate fuels, especially diesel oil, for partial or full replacement. Also, internal combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during combustion process. The emissions exhausted in to the surroundings pollute the atmosphere and causes several problems. The emissions of concern are: unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of carbon, and oxides of nitrogen (NO_X). Advanced diesel fuel formulations offer significant emission reductions to new and older in-use engines every time the fuel tank is filled. The addition of water to diesel fuel lowers particulate emissions by serving as diluents to the key combustion intermediates that lead to particulate formation. The incorporation of water also reduces NO_X emissions by lowering the peak combustion temperatures through high heat of vaporization. When using water blend diesel, the engine fuel system recognizes the liquid as diesel fuel because the water droplet is encapsulated within a diesel fuel. In this experiment, we have used single cylinder four-stroke engine and the water-blend diesel emulsion is used and the diesel emission test, emulsion emission test, and various gases has been analyzed; smoke meter test is also conducted for various rate of loads. The test results from the engine fuelled with water-blend diesel showed reduction in emissions as compared to that of engine fuelled with conventional diesel. The better emissions in the CI engine using water-blend diesel is due to the incorporation of water which reduces NO_X emissions by lowering the peak combustion temperatures. Water-blend fuel enhances fuel atomization by micro-explosion. The addition of water to diesel fuel lowers particulate emissions by serving as diluents to the key combustion intermediates that lead to particulate formation     

柴油甲醇双燃料发动机动力性与经济性试验分析

介绍了柴油引燃甲醇双燃料燃烧对柴油机动力性和经济性的影响。在1台单缸、直喷、中冷柴油机上采用柴油引燃甲醇双燃料进行试验。结果显示甲醇柴油双燃料发动机在中高负荷及中高转速下运转可获得较好的燃油经济性。选择适当的引燃柴油量,双燃料发动机的动力性可以达到甚至超过原柴油的动力性。