基于模糊控制压电抑振的2R柔性机械臂跟踪实验研究

基于压电陶瓷的模糊控制抑振,利用电阻应变传感器检测机械臂振动信息,经动态应变仪采集到计算机系统,根据控制规律进行模糊运算,得到控制电压,再以该电压驱动压电陶瓷片,产生与振动方向相反控制力矩,抑制机械臂柔性变形,进而改善驱动效果,提高柔性机械臂跟踪精度.实验结果显示,压电抑振效果显著,机械臂跟踪精度也大幅度提高.     

双连杆柔性机械臂振动主动控制与实验

为了对柔性机械臂在外部扰动或工作时产生的振动进行快速抑振,设计并搭建出一套刚柔耦合机械臂实验平台,大臂为刚性臂,小臂为柔性臂。首先,采用粘贴在柔性臂根部的压电陶瓷片测得的振动信号作为反馈信号,伺服电机用作驱动器带动减速器驱动机械臂;其次,对柔性臂由于外部激励产生的振动,分别设计了基于输入整形技术(input shaping technology,简称IST)的前馈控制器和基于广义最小方差自校正控制(generalized minimum variance self-tuning controller,简称GMVSTC)的控制算法,对柔性臂振动进行主动控制实验研究;最后,为了验证控制算法的效果,对采用常规比例微分(proportion differentiation,简称PD)控制实验进行对比。实验结果表明,输入整形和自校正控制算法可大幅减少柔性臂振动的时间,均可对柔性臂的振动进行快速抑振。     

基于压电反馈驱动的液压柔性机械臂抑振方法

为了抑制大型双连杆液压柔性机械臂末端振动,以重载上、下料液压柔性机械手臂为研究对象,针对机械臂在运动过程中末端振动的现象,通过伺服液压系统-Euler Bernoulli梁模型、Lagrange方程和Jacobian矩阵,设计一种基于压电反馈驱动系统控制方法,利用机械臂末端搭载的压电敏感传输器、压电驱动器和反演控制设计方法,研究伺服液压缸运动振颤、液压缸与机械臂关节卡顿和机械臂杆件弹性振动对液压柔性机械臂末端振动的影响规律。仿真结果表明,该抑振控制方法稳定性较好,针对液压柔性机械臂能显著减小末端振动,缩短振动衰减时间,定位精度得到明显改善。     

基于复合喷气压电驱动器的柔性机械臂振动控制

空间机器人和大型柔性空间结构在航天器调姿、变轨、外部扰动的情况下将引起振动问题,其低频大幅值振动将持续很长时间,这将影响航天器系统的稳定性和控制精度.为了快速抑制低频大幅值振动及残余振动,提出采用复合可控反作用力幅值的喷气式驱动和压电陶瓷驱动方案进行振动控制.进行基于复合控制的柔性臂系统动力学建模并给出控制算法.设计并建立柔性机械臂试验平台,构建气动驱动控制回路及压电驱动控制回路.进行基于压电陶瓷驱动器、喷气式驱动器及复合喷气和压电驱动器的柔性臂大幅值低频模态振动控制的几种方法试验比较研究.试验结果表明,采用的控制方案和方法既可以快速地抑制柔性机械臂统的低频大幅值振动,又明显地同时抑制高频和低频小幅值残余振动.     

组合柔性机械臂抑振性能仿真与研究

将柔性机械臂做成组合结构,利用接触面间的摩擦效应消耗能量以达到抑制柔性机械臂振动的目的.将组合柔性机械臂做成圆形截面,具有各向同性的特点,在任意方向都有抑制振动的效果.利用ANSYS有限元软件对组合柔性机械臂进行建模和仿真.仿真结果表明:将直波纹管做成叠层的组合柔性臂也有很好的抑振性能.     

柔性机械臂振动压电抑振新方法

针对含有压电智能结构的柔性机械臂,提出基于模糊PID融合控制理论柔性机械臂振动主动控制方法.搭建了平面1R柔性机械臂实验装置,并设计了相应的控制系统,通过实验实现了柔性机械臂振动的主动控制.     

基于模糊PID融合的柔性机械臂振动压电主动控制研究

针对含有压电智能结构的柔性机械臂,提出了基于模糊PID融合控制理论的柔性机械臂振动主动控制方法。搭建了悬臂梁和平面1R、2R柔性机械臂实验装置,并设计了相应的控制系统,通过实验实现了柔性机械臂振动的主动控制,实验结果显示,该方法可以抑制柔性机械臂振动,具有响应快、鲁棒性好等特点,且该方法不依赖于柔性机械臂动力学模型,算法简单,实时性好。     

线性二次型在柔性机械臂抑振控制中的研究

针对具有末端附加质量的柔性机械臂弹性振动问题,提出采用基于遗传算法的线性二次型控制方法对其进行抑振控制。首先分析了柔性机械臂的弹性变形问题,采用假设模态法描述弹性变形并基于Lagrange方程建立具有末端集中质量的柔性机械臂动力学模型。其次,推导出系统的控制模型,采用线性二次型最优控制对柔性机械臂系统进行抑振控制,并用遗传算法优化线性二次型性能指标函数中的加权矩阵。仿真实验结果表明,与传统的经验值相比,优化后的控制方法能有效衰减末端弹性振动,柔性机械臂系统端部定位速度更快,验证了该方法的可行性。     

压电柔性机械臂系统辨识与振动主动控制

以Euler-Bernoulli悬臂梁为实验模型,研究了压电柔性机械臂系统的模型建立和振动主动控制的问题。首先,针对柔性构件在建模过程中的复杂性和非线性等特点,采用实验辨识的方法建立了由压电致动器输入到压电传感桥路的输出之间的传递函数模型;其次,对于压电柔性机械臂的弹性振动问题,基于线性二次型最优控制理论,针对加权矩阵难以解析的关键问题,将遗传算法应用于控制器的设计中,对加权矩阵进行优化设计;然后,在理论研究的基础上搭建硬件实验平台,编写了软件测控程序,并开展压电柔性机械臂振动控制的实验研究;最后,对柔性臂在自由衰减和持续激励的情况下分别进行振动主动控制实验。实验结果表明,柔性臂在2种激励下的振动均得到了有效抑制。     

基于PSO自整定PID控制器的柔性臂振动控制

针对压电柔性机械臂运行过程中的弹性振动问题,提出了基于粒子群优化算法（particle swarm optimization,简称PSO）自整定比例积分微分（proportional integral differential,简称PID）控制器参数的柔性臂振动抑制方法。采用标准粒子群优化算法,以时间乘绝对误差积（integrated time and absolute error,简称ITAE）准则为适应度函数,整定PID控制器的3个控制参数K-p,K-i和K-d,并采用Matlab Simulink平台建立双连压电柔性机械臂振动控制仿真模型,研制基于虚拟仪器技术的柔性臂振动控制试验系统。仿真与试验结果表明,采用常规PID控制算法和基于PSO自整定的PID控制算法均能有效地抑制柔性机械臂的弹性振动,但后者的振动抑制效果、鲁棒性与稳定性优于前者。     

Vibration control efficiency of piezoelectric shunt damping system

The piezoelectric shunt damping technique based on the direct piezoelectric effect has been known as a simple, low-lost, lightweight, and easy to implement method for passive damping control of structural vibration. In this technique, a piezoelectric material is used to transform mechanical energy to electrical energy. When applying the piezoelectric shunt damping technique to passively control structural vibration, the piezoelectric materials must be bonded on or embedded in host structure where large strain is induced during vibration, thus to ensure vibrational mechanical energy to be transformed into electrical energy as much as possible. In this paper, the concept of vibration control efficiency of a piezoelectric shunt damping system is proposed and studied theoretically and experimentally. In the study, PZT patches are used as energy converter, and the vibration control efficiency is expressed by the vibration reduction rate per area of the PZT patches. Emphasis is laid on the effect of the generalized electromechanical coupling coefficient K₃₁ on the vibration control efficiency. Four PZT patches with different sizes are bonded on the geometrical central area of four similar clamped aluminum plates, respectively, and vibration control experiments are conducted for these plates using the R-L shunt circuit. The results indicate that the bigger the coupling coefficient K₃₁, the larger the rate of vibration reduction, and hence, the higher the vibration control efficiency. It also shows that the vibration responses of the first mode of the plates bonded with different PZT patches can be reduced by about 30.5%，48.58%，85.47%, and 89.91%, respectively. It comes to a conclusion that the vibration control efficiency of the piezoelectric shunt damping system decreases with the increase of the area of the PZT patch, whereas the vibration reduction of the plate increases with the area of the PZT patch. Therefore, it is necessary to make topology optimization for the PZT patch in the vibration control utilizing the piezoelectric shunt damping technique.     

Vibration control efficiency of piezoelectric shunt damping system

The piezoelectric shunt damping technique based on the direct piezoelectric effect has been known as a simple, low-lost, lightweight, and easy to implement method for passive damping control of structural vibration. In this technique, a piezoelectric material is used to transform mechanical energy to electrical energy. When applying the piezoelectric shunt damping technique to passively control structural vibration, the piezoelectric materials must be bonded on or embedded in host structure where large strain is induced during vibration, thus to ensure vibrational mechanical energy to be transformed into electrical energy as much as possible. In this paper, the concept of vibration control efficiency of a piezoelectric shunt damping system is proposed and studied theoretically and experimentally. In the study, PZT patches are used as energy converter, and the vibration control efficiency is expressed by the vibration reduction rate per area of the PZT patches. Emphasis is laid on the effect of the generalized electromechanical coupling coefficient K ₃₁ on the vibration control efficiency. Four PZT patches with different sizes are bonded on the geometrical central area of four similar clamped aluminum plates, respectively, and vibration control experiments are conducted for these plates using the R-L shunt circuit. The results indicate that the bigger the coupling coefficient K ₃₁, the larger the rate of vibration reduction, and hence, the higher the vibration control efficiency. It also shows that the vibration responses of the first mode of the plates bonded with different PZT patches can be reduced by about 30.5%, 48.58%, 85.47%, and 89.91%, respectively. It comes to a conclusion that the vibration control efficiency of the piezoelectric shunt damping system decreases with the increase of the area of the PZT patch, whereas the vibration reduction of the plate increases with the area of the PZT patch. Therefore, it is necessary to make topology optimization for the PZT patch in the vibration control utilizing the piezoelectric shunt damping technique.     

基于前馈模糊自学习控制的强迫周期振动主动控制

运用前馈模糊自学习方法对强迫周期振 主动控制进行研究。指出模糊自学习算法在应用上存在的问题,并进行改进;针对不同规则数、不同学习次数进行控制仿真研究,揭示规则数和学习次数对控制性能的影响;对模糊自学习系统的鲁棒性进行探讨;结果表明前馈模糊自学习系统对强迫周期振动具有良好的抑制效果。     

压电分流阻尼控制悬臂梁振动的实验研究

采用压电分流阻尼原理,对根部粘贴压电陶瓷片的柔性悬臂梁振动控制进行了实验研究。实验中设计了一个由电容、电阻和运算放大器组成的等效电感电路,解决了压电分流电路设计中的超大电感器问题。根据测试得到的带压电分流电路悬臂梁的闭路和开路自然频率,确定出了压电分流电路的最优参数,对悬臂梁的瞬态振动和单频简谐激励下的稳态振动控制实验表明了压电分流阻尼被动控制结构振动的有效性。     

制孔机器人在制孔过程中的振动抑制研究

Aiming at tlie problem of vibration suppression of tlie hole making robot in the process of making holes,a typical example of a two-joint hole drilling robot to study the control algoritlim was took. The effect of tlie feed direction drilling force on the system of tlie hole making robot was only considered. The mechanism of vibration in the process of making holes was analyzed. Finally the fuzzy compensation inhibit vibration control algorithm was put forwarded. According to the Lagrange equation,the dynamic model of the hole robot was established,and the drilling force model was established according to the theory of oblique cutting model. Then the simulation was carried out by the Matlab/ Simulink platform under a particular position. After a fuzzy controller was used to compensate the dynamic change of the end effector of the hole making robot in the process of the axial drilling force to each joint in advance,the defection of each joint in the hole making process was obviously weakened. The results indicate that the stiffness of the system can be enhanced by adding the vibration suppression algorithm with fuzzy compensation,which further ensures the quality of the hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]     

压电陶瓷驱动系统及控制方法研究

给出了一种压电陶瓷驱动系统的控制方法,利用VB中的Timer控件和压电陶瓷电源的DLL动态连接库函数,实现了控制电压的实时可编程输出。针对压电陶瓷驱动器的非线性和迟滞特性,应用MATLAB分别拟合出压电陶瓷驱动器在往返行程中电压与位移值的多项式拟合曲线,得到了电压与位移的关系式,为进一步修正和减少非线性及迟滞误差的影响、提高系统的定位精度,提供了分析的依据。     

柔性空间机械臂振动抑制的模糊终端滑模控制

针对载体位置不受控、姿态受控的情况,提出了柔性空间机械臂振动抑制的模糊终端滑模控制方案。利用假设模态法、系统动量守恒关系及拉格朗日方法,导出了柔性空间机械臂的系统动力学方程。为解决柔性空间机械臂轨迹跟踪控制及振动抑制问题,运用奇异摄动法将系统分解为慢变、快变两个子系统并分别设计了控制器。慢变子系统采用具有较强鲁棒性的模糊终端滑模控制方案,快变子系统则采用基于降阶状态观测器的线性二次型最优控制器(linear quadratic regulator,简称LQR)。数值模拟结果表明,本文的控制方案不仅保证了柔性空间机械臂载体姿态及机械臂各关节铰跟踪误差在有限时间内的收敛性,而且还大大地降低了滑模控制所固有的抖振,并对柔性臂的振动具有良好的抑制效果。     

Application of a LIPCA for the structural vibration suppression of an aluminum cantilever beam with a tip mass

Use of bare PZT as an actuator in the field of active vibration suppression may cause some drawbacks such as critical breaks in the installation process, short circuits in the host material and low fatigue performance. To alleviate these problems, we developed a new actuator called a lightweight piezocomposite actuator (LIPCA). The LIPCA has five layers: three glass-epoxy layers, a carbon-epoxy layer and a PZT layer. We implemented a LIPCA as an actuator to suppress the vibration of an aluminum cantilever beam with a tip mass. For the control algorithm in our test, we used positive position feedback. The filter frequency for this type of feedback should be tuned to the frequency of the target mode. The first three experimental natural frequencies of the aluminum cantilever beam agree well with the results of finite element methods. The effectiveness of using a LIPCA as an actuator in active vibration suppression was investigated with respect to the time and frequency domains, and the experimental results show that LIPCAs can significantly reduce the amplitude of forced vibrations as well as the settling time of free vibrations.     

基于遗传算法的模糊振动主动控制器的参数编码设计和约束处理

在采用模糊控制的压电材料智能结构中,利用遗传算法对模糊控制隶属函数进行优化时,遗传编码的设计将影响优化结果,从振动主动控制要求出发,设计了振幅输入模糊集的隶属函数参数编码,并对模糊子集约束条件进行处理。结果表明新的编码方式可以产生适合振动主动控制的隶属函数,且设计的约束修补算法简单有效。     

用于光阑的旋转型驻波压电作动器

为了驱动光阑实现对光束的控制和调节,提出一种新型的旋转型驻波压电作动器。现有压电作动器中,性能稳定的多为单一振子复合模态工作方式,要求各工作模态频率差小,除了对加工精度要求高之外,由于工作磨损对各模态频率影响不同,工作模态的频率差增大,使作动器的性能和效率下降。针对这一问题和光阑的工作特点,研制了一种新型的旋转型压电作动器。该作动器利用两个相同结构杆形压电振子的同形模态,经摩擦驱动光阑活动环转动,达到调节光阑孔径的目的。原理样机实验表明:当预压力为8N时,在驱动电压为200V_(p-p)～400V_(p-p)范围内,作动器的旋转速度与电压成正比,最大的逆时针旋转速度为75.36rad/min,最大的顺时针运动速度为62.8rad/min;在驱动电压为400V_(p-p)下分辨率可以达到0.34mrad。该压电作动器满足了光阑光束控制的要求,具有结构简单、响应快速、调速平稳和精度高等优点。