V锥流量计与孔板流量计的比较

V锥流量计和孔板流量计同属于差压类流量计,但是由于内部结构不同,V锥流量计和孔板流量计各有特点。该文结合实例,对V锥流量计和孔板流量计的优缺点做了详细的比较。     

径距取压孔板流量计存在问题及解决办法

工艺生产装置中化工仪表里流量计有质量流量计、容积式流量计、速度式流量计、差压式流量计、靶式流量计等,而差压式流量计又有孔板式流量计、喷嘴式流量计、文丘里管式流量计、弯管流量计、V锥流量计、皮托管流量计、匀速管流量计、楔形流量计、径距取压孔板流量计等。文章以径距取压孔板流量计为研究对象,通过学习工作原理、结构形式、安装要求,掌握径距取压孔板流量计存在问题及解决办法;工作中遇到化工装置生产过程中出现径距取压孔板流量计一些故障,不断根据现场实际情况分析和解决其存在问题,总结了径距取压孔板流量计存在问题及解决办法及经验。     

测管式流量计在大口径气（汽）体流量测量中的应用

近年来各种非标准差压式流量计如：均速管、环形孔板、V型锥、内置式文丘里管、弯管等流量计,依其各自的特点。在大口径流量测量方面做了有益的探索。但是非标准差压式流量计,由于不能像孔板等标准节流件一样,有成熟且通行的国际标准支持,所以其仪表系数必须通过实流标定获得,而目前我国还没有口径大于400mm、满足圆管流的气体标准装置,即使标定采用风洞,由于在风洞均匀流场下游,     

基于差压式流量计的大气总悬浮颗粒物采样器流量仿真研究

研究基于差压式流量计的大气总悬浮颗粒物采样器流量仿真问题,应用FLUENT流体仿真软件,对空气经过孔板前后的压力和速度进行仿真研究.仿真初始条件为空气密度1.29 kg/m3,入口速度100 L/min,温度22℃,大气压101.325 kPa,在上述工况下得到了空气经过流量计的压力分布云图、速度流线图以及在10～90 L/min流速区间内的差压数值.气体从锥形孔板经过时压力减小,流经流量计下端部时流量增大,从而产生了孔板前后的压差,孔板入口流速60 L/min时,压差很小,会影响采样泵的线性控制.该研究对于应用流体仿真软件对大气总悬浮颗粒物采样器流量差压式孔板流量计特性的研究提供了方向,不同流速差压的研究对孔板流量计结构的改进和优化有一定的指导和借鉴意义.     

新型差压式流量计的设计

通过对内舍V型内锥的圆管内的流体流动进行分析，推导出差压式流量计的流量方程，设计了一个适用于发动机试验情况的V型内锥流量计，最后通过试验对此流量计进行标定，并检验了其精度。     

孔板流量计测量天然气质量流量不确定度分析

孔板流量计属于标准型节流式差压流量计,依据其测量天然气质量流量计算公式可推知孔板流量计质量流量测量的不确定度来源于六个方面:流出系数的不确定度、可膨胀性系数的不确定度、测量管内径的不确定度、孔板开孔直径的不确定度、差压测量的不确定度、天然气密度测量的不确定度。     

孔板流量计测量天然气质量流量不确定度分析

孔板流量计属于标准型节流式差压流量计,依据其测量天然气质量流量计算公式可推知孔板流量计质量流量测量的不确定度来源于六个方面:流出系数的不确定度、可膨胀性系数的不确定度、测量管内径的不确定度、孔板开孔直径的不确定度、差压测量的不确定度、天然气密度测量的不确定度。     

关键因素对内锥流量计压损的影响

为提高对内锥流量计压力损失的认识,获得高准确度的压损计算公式,开展了关键因素对内锥流量计压损影响的实流实验研究。实验介质为常温水,雷诺数范围0.14×105～4.2×105。设计等效直径比分别为0.45、0.55、0.65、0.75、0.85的实验样机一套,从永久压损与相对压损2个角度进行分析。研究表明,一方面等效直径比相同而雷诺数不同时,内锥流量计的永久压损随雷诺数的增大而增大,在对数坐标系下成线性关系;雷诺数相同而等效直径比不同时,永久压损随等效直径比的增大而减小;另一方面,内锥流量计的相对压损与雷诺数无关,与等效直径比相关,随等效直径比的增大而减小。将本研究给出的内锥流量计相对压损计算公式与国外公式预测结果进行了比较,最大偏差为21%;同时,与国外测试的不同流量计相对压损曲线进行了比较,得出本套样机相对压损曲线介于孔板和喷嘴之间,且更靠近孔板的结论。     

第五讲:流量孔板及其智能化仪表

1孔板（差压式）流量计的组成及特点1．1组成大部分孔板流量计（或差压流量计）是由孔板（或差压传感器）a和显示仪表b两部分组成的。在流量计和显示仪表之间,是由差压信号管路C连接的。图1为示意图。图1孔板流量计组成示意图1,2孔板流量计的测量原理若在充满流体的圆管中设置孔板,当流体流经孔板时,在其上下游侧就会产生静压力差（即差压）。如果未经标定的孔板与已经过充分实验标定的孔板几何形状相似和动力学相似．那么在已知有关参数的条件下,流经该孔板所产生的静压力差riP与流过的流量之间有一个固定的数值关系。用孔板流量计测…     

多变量V锥变送器的研究

多变量"V"锥变送器是在"V"形内锥式节流装置的基础上开发的,它将温度、压力和流量传感器融为一体.多变量"V"锥变送器采用MSP430系列单片机作为控制核心,差压、压力和温度信号分别由相应传感器感知后,经各自的物理信号测量电路转换为电信号,再由A/D转换模块转变为数字量,交微控制器进行处理,并按照所建立的饱和蒸汽和过热蒸汽的温压补偿数学模型进行计算.采用V形内锥式节流装置作为多变量变送器的测量前端,成功地克服了传统节流装置测量精度低、压力损失大等缺陷.     

Experimental research of single-hole and multi-hole orifice gas flow meters

As energy efficiency is becoming more important today due to limited energy resources as well as their rising prices and environment issues, it is crucial to have reliable measurement data of different fluids in production processes. Because of its simplicity, affordability and reliability, orifice flow meters are again becoming subject of numerous researches. Conventional single-hole orifice (SHO) flow meter has many advantages but also some disadvantages like higher pressure drop, slower pressure recovery, lower discharge coefficient etc. Some of these disadvantages can be overcame by multi-hole orifice (MHO) flow meter while still maintaining advantages of conventional SHO meter. Both SHO and MHO flow meters with same β ratios were experimentally tested and compared. Results showed better (lower) singular pressure loss coefficient and lower pressure drop in favour of the MHO flow meter. Experimental data indicates that MHO flow meter is superior to the conventional orifice flow meter, but further research is necessary to make the MHO a drop-in replacement for a SHO flow meter.     

Numerical simulations for multi-hole orifice flow meter

The measurement of flow rate is important in many industrial applications including rocket propellant stages. The orifice flow meter has the advantages of compact size and weight. However, the conventional single-hole orifice flow meter suffers from higher pressure drop due to lower discharge coefficient (Cd). This can be overcome by the use of multi-hole orifice flow meter. Flow characteristics of multi-hole orifice flow meters are determined both numerically and experimentally over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the flow in the single- and multi-hole orifice flow meters. Experiments are carried out to validate the CFD predictions. The discharge coefficients for the different orifice configurations are determined from the CFD simulations. It is observed that the pressure loss in the multi-hole orifice flow meter is significantly lower than that of single-hole orifice flow meter of identical flow area due to the early reattachment of flow in the case of the multi-hole orifice meter. The influence of different geometrical and flow parameters on discharge coefficient is also determined.     

Multiphase flow measurements using coupled slotted orifice plate and swirl flow meter

Multiphase flow metering is a major focus for oil and gas industries. The performance of a modified version of a close coupled slotted orifice plate and swirl flow meter for multiphase flow was evaluated to provide further development of a new type of multiphase flow meter. The slotted orifice provides well homogenized flow for several pipe diameters downstream of the plate. This characteristic provides a homogeneous mixture at the inlet of the swirl meter for a wide range of gas volume fractions (GVF) and flow rates. In order to evaluate the performance of the designed flow-meter, its response was investigated for varying pressures and water flow rates. The proper correlations were established to provide high accurate two-phase flow measurements. The new proposed approach provides the GVF measurement with less than ±0.63% uncertainty for GVF range from 60% to 95%.     

Study on wet gas online flow rate measurement based on dual slotted orifice plate

According to the current technical problems existing in gas and liquid flow measurement for wet gas production, the slotted orifice-couple flow meter was developed and the basic measurement principles for gas and liquid flow was presented. A new wet gas flow meter was developed based on the dual slotted orifice transducer. The flow characteristics of liquid flow through dual slotted orifice plate, the relationship of differential pressure between the dual slotted orifice plate, pressure, temperature, and flow rate of gas/liquid of different aperture ratio were studied. A mathematical measurement model was established to be applied in the flow meter measurement system with dual slotted orifice plate. The model was tested and calibrated by on-site field experiments in the China National Center of Metrology at Daqing Oil field. The results showed that the maximum measurement error of the gas and liquid flow was less than 10% and 15% respectively, when the Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) was greater than 90 vol%. The measurement accuracy of this industrial prototype can meet the requirements of well fluids.     

基于差压式孔板流量计的缩径管段流场数值研究

基于ANSYS-CFX商业模拟软件,对差压式孔板流量计的内部流场进行数值模拟研究。计算了关于孔板流量计流出系数的4个主要影响因素：流量、粘度、缩径孔厚度及截面比,得到了不同模拟工况下的内部流场变化规律,同时借助数值模拟探讨了孔板流量计的冲蚀问题。将数值模拟流出系数计算值与基本经验公式编程计算值进行对比验证,结果显示两者吻合度高,误差基本控制在5％以内。研究表明,数值模拟可作为一种孔板流量计设计及标定的辅助方法。     

Pressure drop of wet gas flow with ultra-low liquid loading through DP meters

The most common method to predict the gas and liquid flow rates in a wet gas flow simultaneously is to use dual pressure drops (dual-DPs) from two or even one single DP meter. In this paper, the metering mechanism of applying dual-DPs were overviewed. To fully understand the response of DP meters to wet gas flows, the pressure drops of wet gas flow with ultra-low liquid loading through three typical DP meters were experimentally investigated, including an orifice plate meter, a cone meter and a Venturi meter. The equivalent diameter ratio is 0.45. The experimental fluids are air and tap water. The pressure is in the range of 0.1–0.3 MPa and the Lockhart-Martinelli parameter (X_LM) is less than approximately 0.02. The results show that the upstream-throat pressure drop, the downstream-throat pressure drop and the permanent pressure loss of individual DP meters have unique response to liquid loading. The upstream-throat pressure drop of the orifice plate meter decreases at first and then increases as the liquid loading increases, while that of the cone meter and the Venturi meter increase monotonically. The non-monotonicity of the pressure drop for the orifice plate meter can be attributed to the flow modulation of trace liquid. The downstream-throat pressure drops of all the three test sections decrease at first and then increase. The reason is that the liquid presence in a gas flow increases the downstream friction and vortex dissipation. The permanent pressure loss of the orifice plate meter also shows non-monotonicity. To avoid non-monotonicity, the pressure loss ratio is introduced, which is defined as the ratio of the permanent pressure loss to the upstream-throat pressure drop. Results show that the pressure loss ratio of the Venturi meter has the highest sensitivity to the liquid loading.     

正压法气体流量标定系统的设计与实现

随着非标准流量仪表种类和数量的日益增加,为了保证仪表的测量精度。非标流量仪表的标定要求显得日益迫切。系统采用了国际标准文丘利作为标准表。应用标准流量计“比较法”原理,配合计算机程序控制,建立气体流量标定系统。进行流量计的检定和测试。依据有关的国家检定规程。该装置可对多孔孔板、V锥、楔形、巴类等差压式仪表以及涡轮、涡街、旋进旋涡等流量计进行检定、工业现场流量模拟实验以及风洞实验。通过运行实践证明,该系统测量精度高,稳定性好,标定流量范围宽。     

一种梭式流量计

本文提出了一种梭式流量计，用于测量井下或其它地下管道中的工质流量。流量计的外形象一把梭子，与被测管道内壁之间所形成的狭小通道构成了一种节流装置。通过在管内穿梭移动完成不同位置上的流量检测和记录，最后移出管外回放结果。在室内用单相水对这种流量计进行了实验研究。实验管道内径Ｄ＝３０ｍｍ，流量计外径ｄ＝２２．５ｍｍ，雷诺数Ｒｅ＝８×１０３～１×１０５。实验表明，这种梭式流量计的差压信号灵敏稳定，流量系数值介于标准孔板和文丘利管之间。     

Characterization of flow homogeneity downstream of a slotted orifice plate in a two-phase flow using electrical resistance tomography

Two-phase flows are complex and unpredictable in nature, commonly encountered in a majority of fluid transport systems. The accurate measurement of two-phase flow is critical for a wide range of applications from wet stream to multiphase flows. There are different methods to meter two-phase flow in various industries. One approach is to produce a flow meter that does not require the individual flow components to be separated and measured separately. This goal can be met if a homogenized mixture is produced which can be measured by a standard single phase flow meter. The slotted orifice plate was invented as a flow meter for single phase flows, it is independent upon upstream flow conditions. Slotted orifice plate flow meter's utilization in two-phase flow revealed that it is highly capable of working as a flow conditioner transforming most of the multiphase flow regimes into a fairly uniform mixture. This study measures how the relative homogeneity of an air/water mixture varies downstream of the slotted plate in a horizontal pipe for various upstream conditions including elongated bubble and slug flow regimes using electrical resistance tomography (ERT). According to this study, the optimal location with a maximum homogeneity was determined to be between 1.5 and 2.5 pipe diameters downstream of the slotted orifice plate. This indicates that placing a slotted orifice plate at the obtained distance upstream of another flow meter such as a venturi coupled with a density measuring device like a radiation based densitometer or an electrical impedance device will help in obtaining accurate multiphase flow rate measurement.     

Uncertainty analysis of the high pressure closed loop gas flow standard facility in NIM

High pressure air flow standard facilities, including the pVTt facility, sonic nozzle facility and closed loop facility were built in NIM at the end of 2014. The high pressure closed loop gas flow facility was the first closed loop facility in China. The system has 4 sets of 100 mm diameter turbine meters for the reference meters with a flow range of (40–1300) m³/h and a pressure range of (190–2500) kPa. To avoid uncertainties introduced during installation, the reference meters were designed to be calibrated in situ using the sonic nozzle facility. The uncertainty in the pressure measurement was reduced by installing an absolute pressure transducer in the manifold upstream of the reference meters, with differential pressure transducers used to measure the pressure drops across the reference flow meter and the test flow meter. The relative expanded uncertainty for the test meter can reach 0.20% (k = 2) as verified by comparison the sonic nozzle facility and the closed loop facility measurements.