青稞作为我国高原特色谷物资源在功能食品领域的开发潜力

青稞是我国藏区特有的传统谷物资源,因其独特的营养成分和保健功能而获得广泛关注。随着全谷物食品在人类膳食结构中的重要性被重新认识,青稞全谷物食品研发的意义凸显。该文主要介绍了青稞中特有的功能因子、营养成分及保健功能的开发前景。     

全谷物对Ⅱ型糖尿病干预机理的研究进展

全谷物食品是一大类健康谷物食品,近年来在国际上发展迅速。综述了全谷物对糖尿病防控的意义,以及全谷物食品干预Ⅱ型糖尿病发生、发展的机理,主要涉及到胰岛素敏感性、炎症以及肠道微生物。对我国全谷物食品开发和应用提出了相关建议。     

糙米全谷物食品研究现状与发展

糙米作为全谷物食品重要原料之一,其营养价值与保健功能越来越受到人们重视。为充分利用糙米营养成分,在不损失营养成分基础上,可利用一些加工新技术生产糙米全谷物食品,进而改善其品质。世界各国相继开展开发糙米全谷物食品相关研究,该文简介全谷物食品定义及国内外研究现状,综述糙米全谷物食品开发应用研究进展,并对糙米全谷物食品在我国未来发展提出几点看法,以期能更好促进我国糙米全谷物食品发展。     

全谷物调配营养粉的研发

全谷物富含多种营养成分及生物活性元素,越来越受到广大消费者的关注。全谷物食品比传统的精制谷物更具有营养和保健功能。就多种全谷物调配营养粉的开发,以及全谷物食养面对人体血糖的影响进行研究,并对全谷物营养粉的发展予以展望。     

谷物食品研究现状及发展趋势

作为人类最基本的膳食组成,谷物食品无论在食品市场还是科研领域都占有重要的地位。近年来,市场上出现了越来越多的全谷物食品。以面包、面条、饼干以及谷物棒4种谷物产品为例,综述了近年来谷物食品的研究现状,并分析展望了全谷物食品的市场前景与发展趋势。     

发芽全谷物的营养品质及功能特性

全谷物在发芽过程中酚类、多糖、蛋白质、淀粉等营养成分会发生显著的变化,对全谷物食品的开发应用产生了重要的影响。本文综述了国内外发芽全谷物的营养成分变化及其生理功能的研究进展,展望了利用萌芽技术来改善全谷物营养品质的应用前景,旨在为生产功能性发芽全谷物类食品提供一定的参考。     

谷物营养与全谷物食品的研究开发

深入分析了谷物营养摄入的重要性和我国全谷物食品发展的现状,提出馒头等传统主食品是我国全谷物食品的产品研发和市场推广的最佳载体,并对我国推进全谷物食品的发展提出了若干建议。     

全谷物中生理活性物质的研究进展与展望

谷物中不仅含有碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、矿物元素、维生素等大量及微量营养素,还含有酚类、类胡萝卜素、生育酚、木酚素、阿拉伯木聚糖、β-葡聚糖、甾醇和植酸等生理活性组分。在全球化的全谷物运动大背景下,深入研究我国主要谷物中生理活性物质及其生物有效性,开发高品质的全谷物食品,从而通过增加全民全谷物食品的摄入量,增进人体健康,成为我国粮食加工领域的新课题。本文主要综述谷物中生理活性组分的研究进展与展望。     

我国全谷物食品发展的现状、问题与思路

口感细腻外观精白的谷物食品逐步成为老百姓健康的"双刃剑"。增加全谷物食品的摄入,可以减少代谢综合症相关疾病的危险已逐步成为欧美发达国家的共识。一场全谷物运动在欧美悄然掀起,近期我国的全谷物发展也日益引起了我国社会各界的关注,甚至成为我国社会发展的一件民生工程。对我国全谷物食品发展的现状、问题、障碍及有利形势与发展思路进行分析探讨,以期进一步促进我国全谷物食品的发展。     

营养导向的全谷物产业思考

全谷物产业近年来在国内外飞速发展,全谷物食品也因营养丰富及其对居民膳食平衡健康的明显改善作用而逐渐得到了社会广泛认可。本文先后介绍了世界全球全谷物产业的发展态势和国内全谷物产业的发展现状,简要分析了全谷物食品在加工推广中面临的问题,从营养和健康的角度,为全谷物产业发展以及产品推广提出了提升谷物原料营养品质、注重加工过程营养保全、膳食注重食物和营养搭配、开展全谷物营养教育等对策建议,助力保障粮食安全和实现健康中国。     

谷物茶品质及其功能特性研究进展

全谷物保留了完整谷粒所具备的营养成分，经常食用有助于维持健康体重，还可以降低心血管疾病、Ⅱ型糖尿病、肠道癌症等疾病的患病风险。但全谷物的适口性和烹饪特性差，难以被消费者接受，因此，改良传统加工工艺，开发新的全谷物食品十分必要。谷物茶作为一种全谷物食品，不仅改善了全谷物的口感，而且保留了其营养价值和健康功效。文章主要对谷物茶在烘烤、发芽、发酵等不同加工工艺下的风味物质变化、功能特性进行综述，并重点探讨了谷物茶在加工过程中丙烯酰胺、晚期糖基化终末产物等有害物形成机制及抑制方法，旨在为全谷物饮品的开发利用提供理论依据。     

The nutritional property of endosperm starch and its contribution to the health benefits of whole grain foods

Purported health benefits of whole grain foods in lowering risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are supported by epidemiological studies and scientific researches. Bioactive components including dietary fibers, phytochemicals, and various micronutrients present in the bran and germ are commonly considered as the basis for such benefits. Endosperm starch, as the major constituent of whole grains providing glucose to the body, has been less investigated regarding its nutritional property and contribution to the value of whole grain foods. Nutritional quality of starch is associated with its rate of digestion and glucose absorption. In whole grain foods, starch digestion and glucose delivery may vary depending on the form in which the food is delivered, some with starch being rapidly and others slowly digested. Furthermore, there are other inherent factors in whole grain products, such as phenolic compounds and dietary fibers, that may moderate glycemic profiles. A good understanding of the nutritional properties of whole grain starch is important to the development of food processing technologies to maximize their health benefits.     

全谷物食品适口性改良方法研究进展

全谷物食品绿色健康，具有丰富的营养，但是其较差的适口性阻碍了全谷物食品的消费与推广。为了满足消费者对全谷物食品适口性和营养属性的要求，一般对其进行预处理。本文重点介绍了近年来国内外用于全谷物适口性改良方面的物理加工技术、生物加工技术和新兴非热加工技术，介绍了其工作原理与特点，比较了各项技术的优缺点，并对未来全谷物食品适口性改良的发展进行了展望，以期为全谷物食品的深度开发提供参考。     

Brown Rice Versus White Rice: Nutritional Quality,Potential Health Benefits,Development of Food Products,and Preservation Technologies

Obesity and chronic diet‐related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and celiac are increasing worldwide. The increasing prevalence of these diseases has led nutritionists and food scientists to pay more attention to the relationship between diet and different disease risks. Among different foods, rice has received increasing attention because it is a major component of billions of peoples’ diets throughout the world. Rice is commonly consumed after polishing or whitening and the polished grain is known a high glycemic food because of its high starch content. In addition, the removal of the outer bran layer during rice milling results in a loss of nutrients, dietary fiber, and bioactive components. Therefore, many studies were performed to investigate the potential health benefits for the consumption of whole brown rice (BR) grain in comparison to the milled or white rice (WR). The objective of this work was to review the recent advances in research performed for purposes of evaluation of nutritional value and potential health benefits of the whole BR grain. Studies carried out for purposes of developing BR‐based food products are reviewed. BR safety and preservation treatments are also explored. In addition, economic and environmental benefits for the consumption of whole BR instead of the polished or WR are presented. Furthermore, challenges facing the commercialization of BR and future perspectives to promote its utilization as food are discussed.     

Impact of Cereal Seed Sprouting on Its Nutritional and Technological Properties: A Critical Review

Sprouting induces activation and de novo synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes that make nutrients available for plant growth and development. Consumption of sprouted grains is suggested to be beneficial for human health. Positive consumer perceptions about sprouted cereals have resulted in new food and beverage product launches. However, because there is no generally accepted definition of “sprouting,” it is unclear when grains are to be called sprouted. Moreover, guidelines about how much sprouted grain material food products should contain to exert health benefits are currently lacking. Accordingly, there is no regulatory base to develop appropriate food labeling for “sprouted foods.” This review describes the nutritional and technological properties of sprouted grains in relation to processing conditions and provides guidelines to optimize sprouting practices in order to maximize nutritive value. Relatively long sprouting times (3 to 5 days) and/or high processing temperatures (25 to 35 °C) are needed to maximize the de novo synthesis and/or release of plant bioactive compounds. Nutrient compositional changes resulting from sprouting are often associated with health benefits. However, supportive data from clinical studies are very scarce, and at present it is impossible to draw any conclusion on health benefits of sprouted cereals. Finally, grains sprouted under the above‐mentioned conditions are generally unfit for use in traditional food processing and it is challenging to use sprouted grains as ingredients without compromising their nutrient content. The present review provides a basis for better defining what “sprouting” is, and to help further research and development efforts in this field as well as future food regulations development.     

Composition,processing, and quality control of whole flaxseed products used to fortify foods

Whole flaxseed (flour) as a good source of omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals with excellent nutritional and functional attributes has been used to enrich foods for health promotion and disease prevention. However, several limitations and contemporary challenges still impact the development of whole flaxseed (flour)-enriched products on the global market, such as naturally occurring antinutritional factors and entrapment of nutrients within food matrix. Whole flaxseed (flour) with different existing forms could variably alter the techno-functional performance of food matrix, and ultimately affect the edible qualities of fortified food products. The potential interaction mechanism between the subject and object components in fortified products has not been elucidated yet. Hence, in this paper, the physical structure and component changes of flaxseed (flour) by pretreatments coupled with their potential influences on the edible qualities of multiple fortified food products were summarized and analyzed. In addition, several typical food products, including baked, noodle, and dairy products were preferentially selected to investigate the potential influencing mechanisms of flaxseed (flour) on different substrate components. In particular, the altered balance between water absorption of flaxseed protein/gum polysaccharides and the interruption of gluten network, lipid lubrication, lipid–amylose complexes, syneresis, and so forth, were thoroughly elucidated. The overall impact of incorporating whole flaxseed (flour) on the quality and nutritional attributes of fortified food products, coupled with the possible solutions against negative influences are aimed. This paper could provide useful information for expanding the application of whole flaxseed (flour) based on the optimal edible and nutritional properties of fortified food products.     

全麦粉及制品：营养组成、健康功效与品质改良（网络首发、推荐阅读）

谷物碾磨技术的发展促进了粮食加工的精细化进程,但长期精白面制品的摄入造成了营养不均衡,高血压、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病的发病率逐年增加。全麦粉含有小麦籽粒中的所有组分,富含膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质等生理活性物质,具有降低血糖、抗氧化、清除自由基和增强免疫力等功效,因此以全麦粉制成为原料制成的全麦食品是改变膳食结构,改善健康水平的理想选择。对比了全麦粉与精白面粉的营养组成差异,总结了全麦粉的特征营养素如膳食纤维、酚酸、不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、木脂素等,从减重、预防2型糖尿病和干预心脑血管疾病等三个方面综述了全麦食品的健康功效,还对全麦烘焙类、蒸煮类和油炸类食品的品质改良方法进行了总结,以期为全麦食品的继续开发和推广提供理论和实践参考。     

绿色加工全谷物的结构及膳食纤维、酚类物质变化研究进展

全谷物是膳食纤维和酚类物质等功能成分的重要来源之一,有效摄入全谷物可降低现代人群患糖尿病、高血脂、高血压等慢性疾病风险。但全谷物具有复杂的亚宏观多层级结构,麸皮层部分不溶性膳食纤维含量较高,酚类也多以结合态共价连接于果胶及半纤维壁,导致全谷物及相关制品存在可溶性差、食用口感不佳、功能营养组分热加工损失多等问题。作者总结了全谷物中膳食纤维和酚类物质的含量与分布、存在形态和潜在的健康效益,探讨了发芽、发酵、挤压、3D打印、超微粉碎及其他复合处理等生物与物理绿色加工技术对全谷物宏微观结构、感官品质及膳食纤维、酚类物质的影响。     

Health benefits of whole grain: effects on dietary carbohydrate quality,the gut microbiome,and consequences of processing

Grains are important sources of carbohydrates in global dietary patterns. The majority of these carbohydrates, especially in refined-grain products, are digestible. Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the small intestine where monosaccharides (predominantly glucose) are absorbed, delivering energy to the body. However, a considerable part of the carbohydrates, especially in whole grains, is indigestible dietary fibers. These impact gut motility and transit and are useful substrates for the gut microbiota affecting its composition and quality. For the most part, the profile of digestible and indigestible carbohydrates and their complexity determine the nutritional quality of carbohydrates. Whole grains are more complex than refined grains and are promoted as part of a healthy and sustainable diet mainly because the contribution of indigestible carbohydrates, and their co-passenger nutrients, is significantly higher. Higher consumption of whole grain is recommended because it is associated with lower incidence of, and mortality from, CVD, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. This may be due in part to effects on the gut microbiota. Although processing of cereals during milling and food manufacturing is necessary to make them edible, it also offers the opportunity to still further improve the nutritional quality of whole-grain flours and foods made from them. Changing the composition and availability of grain carbohydrates and phytochemicals during processing may positively affect the gut microbiota and improve health.     

挤压处理对全谷物理化和功能特性影响研究进展

全谷物富含多种生物活性成分,但其适口性差、消费者接受度低。挤压是一种高效、低耗及功能多样化的加工技术,通常用于开发具有高营养和感官质量的食品。本文综述了国内外挤压技术在全谷物方向的研究进展。介绍了全谷物、挤压技术,并分析总结了挤压技术对其物理化学性质的影响。挤压全谷物制品还体现出抑制糖尿病和肥胖症等慢性疾病的潜力。