山茱萸籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

主要对山茱萸籽的组成、山茱萸籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析.结果表明:山茱萸籽中还原糖、总糖、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为29.2％、64.7％、21.7％和13.1％.山茱萸籽油酸值(KOH)、碘值(Ⅰ)、过氧化值及皂化值(KOH)分别为0.97 mg/g、113.8 g/100 g、8.9 mmol/kg、186.5 mg/g.山茱萸籽油中饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(10.40％)为主,其次是硬脂酸(3.49％)和山嵛酸(3.32％);不饱和脂肪酸中油酸(35.80％)和亚油酸(34.60％)含量较高,还含有5.51％的芥酸.     

Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 fermented milk on rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A growing stream of research suggests that probiotic fermented milk has a good effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This work aimed to study the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 fermented milk (fermented milk) on rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that the body weight and the serum levels of total cholesterol, total glyceride, low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, free fatty acid, and reactive oxygen species were significantly increased in rats fed a high-fat diet (M) for 8 wk, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased. However, the body weight and the serum levels of total cholesterol, total glyceride, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, free fatty acid, reactive oxygen species, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased with fermented milk (T) for 8 wk, and the number of fat vacuoles in hepatocytes was lower than that in the M group. There were significant differences in 19 metabolites in serum between the M group and the C group (administration of nonfermented milk) and in 17 metabolites between the T group and the M group. The contents of 7 different metabolites, glycine, glycerophosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, thioetheramide-PC, d-aspartic acid, oleic acid, and l-glutamate, were significantly increased in the M group rat serum, and l-palmitoyl carnitine, N6-methyl-l-lysine, thymine, and 2-oxadipic acid were significantly decreased. In the T group rat serum, the contents of 8 different metabolites—1-O-(cis-9-octadecenyl)-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, acetylcarnitine, glycine, glycerophosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, d-aspartic acid, oleic acid, and l-glutamate were significantly decreased, whereas creatinine and thymine were significantly increased. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that 50 metabolic pathways were enriched in the M/C group and T/M group rat serum, of which 12 metabolic pathways were significantly different, mainly distributed in lipid metabolism, amino acid, and endocrine system metabolic pathways. Fermented milk ameliorated inflammation, oxygenation, and hepatocyte injury by regulating lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolic pathways, and related metabolites in the serum of rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.     

伽马氨基丁酸抑制高脂诱导肥胖小鼠肝脏氧化应激及肝脂肪变性

研究伽马氨基丁酸(GABA)对高脂日粮小鼠肝脏氧化应激、脂肪变性及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响。采用50只C57BL/6雄性小鼠,随机分为5组:正常组(正常日粮),高脂组(高脂日粮),3个GABA处理组(饮水中分别添加质量分数0.2%、0.12%和0.06%GABA)。实验18周后,测定小鼠肝脏组织自由基水平、抗氧化酶活性、脂肪和糖原含量以及血浆谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性,同时对肝组织形态进行观察,并用RT-PCR检测肝脏SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC1、PPARα、Cpt1a和PGC-1α的表达。结果显示,高脂日粮显著升高小鼠肝脏质量、肝指数、肝脏甘油三酯和胆固醇含量,降低肝脏功能(P0.05);添加质量分数0.2%、0.12%和0.06%GABA可显著降低肝脏质量和肝指数,质量分数0.2%、0.12%GABA显著抑制肝脏脂肪变性和改善肝功能(P0.05)。相比正常组,高脂组动物肝组织中抗氧化酶活性显著降低,自由基和丙二醛含量显著升高(P0.05);质量分数0.2%、0.12%GABA可显著缓解氧化应激。高脂日粮小鼠肝脏PPARα、Cpt1a和PGC-1α表达显著下调,SREBP-1c、FAS和ACC1表达显著上调(P0.05),而添加质量分数0.2%、0.12%GABA可显著缓解高脂造成的上述基因表达的变化。因此,高脂日粮导致小鼠肝脏氧化应激、脂肪变性及肝功能损伤,一定剂量GABA可改善肝脏氧化还原状态和脂肪变性,从而预防脂肪肝发生。     

山茱萸的化学成分及其抗氧化活性

为明确药食两用山茱萸化学成分的抗氧化活性,本研究以山茱萸乙醇提取物为原料,对乙醇提取物大孔吸附树脂20%乙醇洗脱部位中抗氧化活性组分进行研究,采用大孔吸附树脂柱层析常压正相硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、Flash闪式正反相硅胶柱层析、高压液相色谱等色谱方法对山茱萸乙醇提取物抗氧化活性部位进行系统的分离纯化,并结合核磁共振波谱数据、质谱数据与文献对比,从山茱萸乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别为7-β-O-乙基莫诺苷(1)、7-α-O-乙基莫诺苷(2)、3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯(3)、(7R, 9R, 10R)-3, 9-di-hidroxicalameneno(4)和吐叶醇(5);其中化合物3、4和5为首次从山茱萸中分离得到。同时采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法和铁离子还原法(Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)对分离得到的单体化合物进行抗氧化活性筛选。在DPPH自由基清除试验和FRAP试验中,化合物1、2和3均显示一定的抗氧化能力,其中化合物3抗氧化活性最好。     

膳食油脂与非酒精性脂肪肝病形成相关研究进展

市场中的膳食油脂产品琳琅满目,消费者在选择食用油的过程中通常会考虑其对健康的影响,尤其是广泛流行的营养代谢性疾病非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）。我国NAFLD的患病率持续增长,给个人和社会造成巨大的压力。大量的研究表明,膳食油脂与NAFLD的形成关系密切,合理的膳食用油能有效预防NAFLD。通过对油脂脂肪酸链长、饱和度及双键位置、奇偶性与NAFLD形成的相关研究进行梳理,结合饮食模式综述了膳食油脂与NAFLD形成相关研究进展,以期为学术探索和日常膳食油脂提供依据。     

Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic factors in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on some metabolic factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. This double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 72 patients with NAFLD (33 males and 39 females) aged 23 to 63 yr. Subjects in the intervention group (n = 36) consumed 300 g/d of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 and those in the control group (n = 36) consumed 300 g/d of conventional yogurt for 8 wk. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and dietary records (24 h/d for 3 d) were collected at baseline and at the end of the trial. Probiotic yogurt consumption resulted in reductions of 4.67, 5.42, 4.1, and 6.92% in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively, compared with control group. No significant changes were observed in levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in either group. Probiotic yogurt consumption improved hepatic enzymes, serum total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in studied subjects and might be useful in management of NAFLD risk factors.     

四株益生菌对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的改善作用

探究了四株益生菌对非酒精性脂肪性肝病（Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD）的改善作用。30只小鼠随机分为正常组（N）、高脂饮食（HFD）模型组（M）及益生菌干预组四组：植物乳杆菌LP45（Lactobacillus plantarum,LP）、嗜酸乳杆菌La28 （Lactobacillus acidophilus,La）、鼠李糖乳杆菌LR519（Lactobacillus rhamnosus,LR）和乳双歧杆菌BAL531（Bifidobacteriumlactis,Bal）。正常组给予常规饲料喂养,其它组给予HFD喂养;同时益生菌组每天给予对应菌液灌胃21 d,对照组给等体量生理盐水;期间监测小鼠体质量和摄食量。检测内脏脂肪、肝脏生化指标、组织病理和炎症因子表达水平。与N组相比,M组摄食量、体质量及内脏脂肪均显著增加,高达8.74 g/d、33.30 g、0.71 g。较于M组,益生菌干预组小鼠的摄食量和内脏脂肪均明显降低,Bal、La、LR和LP组摄食量分别为6.97、6.91、5.94和6.59 g/d;内脏脂肪0.41、0.40、0.27和0.36 g;ALT、CHO、TG和MDA水平也显著下降;肝脂肪变性明显缓解;炎症因子ELF3和TNF-α的mRNA及IL-6的蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。体外,四株益生菌也表现出一定抗氧化和降脂活性,其中Bal抗氧化活性最高,达16.81%;La降脂活性最高,为46.40%。Bal、La、LP、LR可有效改善小鼠的NAFLD,其机制至少部分归因于其降脂、抗炎、抗氧化和保肝等生物学活性。     

分光光度法测定山茱萸及其保健酒中三萜酸的含量

以熊果酸为标准品,5%香草醛.冰醋酸、高氯酸为显色剂,用紫外-可见分光光度法在538nm处测定山茱萸及其保健酒中三萜酸的含量.结果表明,熊果酸的线性范围为26.4～158.4ttg,回归方程为A=0.0071C-0.0941(R2=0.9994),平均回收率为98.94%,RSD为2.31%(n=5);山茱萸及其保健酒中三萜酸含量分别为2.511%、2.091%.该方法简便、快捷、重复性好,适合于山茱萸及其保健酒中三萜酸的含量测定.     

白萝卜提取物对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的药效作用

研究白萝卜提取物对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的影响。实验用白萝卜提取物采用旋转蒸发的方法制备,使用脂肪乳剂灌胃法进行造模,设置低、中、高3个剂量处理组,分别以0.3、1、3mL/kg的剂量对SD大鼠进行灌胃。实验8周后观察各组大鼠的肝部组织病理学特点,并对血清中的脂类以及脂质过氧化相关酶类进行检测。结果显示：与模型组相比,雄性高剂量处理组大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)以及丙二醛(MDA)水平明显降低,而还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)明显增高。此外,肝脏病理切片显示白萝卜提取物有助于缓解脂肪在雄性大鼠肝中的积聚,而雌性大鼠的相关指标并无显著性差异。因此,白萝卜提取物可降低雄性非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠体内的脂质过氧化程度,从而起到延缓其非酒精性脂肪肝发展的作用。