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以草鱼鱼鳞为原料,用木瓜蛋白酶解提取草鱼鱼鳞中的胶原蛋白,并对其性质进行初步研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法Box-Behnken试验设计,对影响提取率的酶解温度、加酶量、底物质量分数3个因素进行优化,建立并分析各因素与胶原蛋白提取率关系的数学模型。确定木瓜蛋白酶提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白的最佳条件为酶解温度50℃,加酶量3.5g/L,底物质量分数22%,经过验证胶原蛋白提取率为15.4%。得到鱼鳞胶原蛋白吸水性接近于甘油,保水性优于甘油,具有一定的乳化性和乳化稳定性。 相似文献
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《食品科技》2018,(10)
研究探讨了酶法辅助提取牛筋胶原蛋白的方法。以胶原蛋白提取率、羟脯氨酸的质量浓度、胶原蛋白N-端和C-端剩余率、胶原蛋白结构、酶耐受性和成纤维能力等手段来表征不同提取时间对胶原蛋白性质及端肽切除效果的影响。试验结果表明,当搅拌提取时间为48 h时,胶原蛋白的提取率约为25.67%(湿重,mf),羟脯氨酸的质量浓度约为493.50μg/mL,胶原蛋白N-端和C-端的剩余率分别为为15.50%和30.84%。经胃蛋白酶继续作用后,不同提取时间胶原蛋白的羟脯氨酸释放率在40%~57%;而随着提取时间的延长,胶原蛋白的成纤维能力逐渐减弱。此外,圆二色谱表明,胶原蛋白三螺旋结构未发生变化。这说明,酸酶法搅拌提取48 h,可制备得到提取率高、端肽含量低、具有完整结构的胶原蛋白。 相似文献
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为实现鱼鳞胶原蛋白的高效提取,在优化脱钙、混酸法和酶法提取工艺基础上,对鱼鳞胶原蛋白的酸酶进行分步提取。研究发现,鱼鳞最佳脱钙工艺为料液比8:100(g/mL),盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L,反应时间1.0 h,反应温度20℃;混合酸法提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白的最佳条件为醋酸料液比1:12(g/mL),柠檬酸料液比1:10(g/mL),乳酸料液比1:12(g/mL),即混合酸料液比为1:34(g/mL),其中,0.8 mol/L柠檬酸、1 mol/L乳酸、0.8 mol/L醋酸的体积比为6:5:6,提取时间2 d,胶原蛋白的提取率为48.14%;最佳酶法提取条件为胃蛋白酶用量450 U/g,提取温度30℃,提取时间72 h,该条件下提取率为45.26%。酸酶耦合法优于单一方法或同种方法两次提取的效果,可实现酸溶性和酶溶性胶原蛋白的连续提取,先酸后酶法胶原蛋白的提取率达84.61%,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳发现其为Ⅰ型胶原蛋。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究利用聚能式逆流脉冲超声波(28kHz/150W)强化鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取。在单因素实验基础上,以提取率为指标,进行了响应面参数优化和数学模型回归的研究,同时检测了超声处理前后鱼鳞胶原蛋白傅立叶变换红外光谱的变化。研究表明,超声辅助热水提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白的最佳条件为:温度80℃、液料比40mL/g、提取时间60min、pH6、脉冲超声的发声时间8s与超声间歇时间5s,提取率为81.25%,与模型的预测值81.63%无显著差异;与传统热水提取法相比,超声辅助提取法的提取率增加了20.71%。胶原蛋白傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明,超声处理后蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅱ最大波峰发生了改变,说明超声处理前后胶原蛋白的二级结构发生了变化。 相似文献
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采用柠檬酸提和木瓜蛋白酶解两步法从鳙鱼鱼鳞中连续提取胶原蛋白。采取正交实验方法对两步法工艺条件进行了优化,并与单一酸提和酶解工艺进行了比较。对酸提、酶解和酸提+酶解两步法制备的胶原蛋白样品进行了紫外和红外表征。结果表明,两步法中酸提最佳工艺条件为提取时间24 h、液固比15 mL/g、酸浓度0.5 mol/L、提取温度28℃,提取率9.25%;酶解最佳工艺条件为提取时间36 h、液固比20 mL/g、酶浓度2.0%、提取温度28℃,提取率56.23%。两步法总提取率65.48%,分别是单一酸提和酶解提取率的7.1倍和2.1倍。两步法胶原蛋白样品的紫外和红外谱图上的吸收峰位置与单一酸提和酶解的十分相似,均符合Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的基本特征。鱼鳞经一步酸提后发生溶胀,部分胶原交联键被打开,有利于下步酶解过程中酶分子与底物接触几率的提高,从而大幅度提高胶原蛋白的提取率,使酶解(两步法)的提取率(56.23%)比单一酶解法的提取率(31.20%)提高了80%,是一种高效的鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取方法。 相似文献
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鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取及抗氧化活性初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
比较鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取方法,观察其体内外抗氧化作用,为鱼鳞开发利用奠定基础。通过水提法、酸法及酸法与热水提取相结合的方法提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白,体外观察鱼鳞胶原蛋白对超氧阴离子(·O2-)、羟自由基(·OH)的清除作用。体内观察水提法胶原蛋白对小鼠血清、肝脏、大脑中SOD、CAT含量的影响。结果表明:水提法及酸法与热水相结合的方法得到的胶原蛋白提取率明显优于酸法的提取率,3种方法得到的胶原蛋白对·O2-、·OH均具有良好的清除作用,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系;水提法得到的胶原蛋白能明显提高小鼠血清、肝脏、大脑中的SOD、CAT含量。水提法可很好提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白,且得到的胶原蛋白具有显著的抗氧化生物活性。 相似文献
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以鲢鱼鱼鳞为研究对象,采用酸酶复合法提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白,并对酶法提取工艺中的酶量、时间、料液比等因素进行单因素试验和正交优化。使用氨基酸自动分析仪、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和圆二色谱(CD)对酸溶胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶胶原蛋白(PSC)的性质进行研究。试验表明,酸提取后的残渣进行酶提取,其最佳工艺条件为:酶量4%,料液比1∶25,提取时间60 h。ASC提取率达到5.09%,PSC提取率最高达到12.06%,胶原蛋白总提取率为17.15%。氨基酸组成结果表明,ASC和PSC均为典型的I型胶原蛋白;SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示,ASC和PSC的电泳区带与I型胶原蛋白标准品基本一致;CD显示ASC和PSC均保持三股螺旋结构。 相似文献
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热力法和酶解法提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白的工艺及性质研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
以草鱼鱼鳞为原料,采用热力法和酶解法提取鱼鳞中的胶原蛋白,用正交实验优化提取工艺,分析所得胶原蛋白的性质。酶解法提取草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:每克蛋白中加入7500U的Alcalase碱性蛋白酶,鱼鳞∶水=1∶20(w/v),60℃水解4h,胶原蛋白的水解度为6.43%。热力法提取的最佳工艺条件为,鱼鳞∶水=1∶20(w/v),121℃提取15min,提取率为45.47%。酶解法提取的胶原蛋白的黏度、吸水性和起泡性大于热力法提取的,但保水性、乳化能力和乳化稳定性及泡沫稳定性小于热力法提取的。 相似文献
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Optimization of Gelatin Extraction from Silver Carp Skin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT: Fish skins are a by-product of the fish processing industry that can be successfully processed into gelatin. This study was designed to optimize the extraction process to obtain the highest yield, gel strength, and viscosity for gelatin production from silver carp skin. A fractional factorial design (2 levels, resolution III, 29-5 ) was chosen to screen 9 parameters to determine the most significant ones. Those found to be significant were optimized to determine the maximum value for 3 dependent variables mentioned above. The hydroxyproline content and hydroxyproline/protein ratio of the skin were 1.7% and 6.5%, respectively. The protein content of the skin was 26%. The hydroxyproline content of the gelatin for the sample giving the highest hydroxyproline/protein ratio was 10.9%. This sample was arbitrarily called pure gelatin and the purity of the remaining samples was between 71.8% and 97%. The highest protein and gelatin recovery was 78.1% and 98.8% of the total available, respectively. The latter, gelatin recovery, is proposed to be used instead of protein yield. Four variables were determined as significant in screening and these variables were studied by a central composite rotatable design (4-factor and 5-level with 6 central points) to model the system and response surface methodology was used for optimization. The optimum extraction conditions were 50 °C for the extraction temperature, 0.1 N HCl for the acid concentration, 45 min for the acid pretreatment time, and finally 4 : 1 (v/w) for the water/skin ratio. The predicted responses for these extraction conditions were 630 g gel strength, 6.3 cP viscosity, and 80.8% gelatin recovery. The data suggest that silver carp skin gelatin is similar to those of fish gelatins currently being exploited commercially. 相似文献
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本实验以鲟鱼加工下脚料为原料,研究酶法提取鲟鱼鱼油的工艺条件,比较不同提取方法对鱼油提取质量的影响,对3 种抗氧化剂在鱼油提取过程中的抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明,鱼油提取的最佳工艺条件为:酶量0.6%,水解时间2h,水解温度40℃,pH7,该工艺条件对鲟鱼内脏鱼油的提取效果明显好于氨法、钾法和蒸煮法,提取鱼油的过氧化值略高于氨法和钾法,但低于蒸煮法。TBHQ、VC、茶多酚三种抗氧化剂对鱼油抗氧化作用以TBHQ 效果最好。应用本法从鲟鱼肚及鲟鱼内脏提取的鱼油含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,脂肪酸的不饱和程度与咸海卡拉白鱼接近,明显高于淡水养殖鱼类,是加工鱼油的良好来源。 相似文献
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Effect of EDTA, HCl, and Citric Acid on Ca Salt Removal from Asian (Silver) Carp Scales Prior to Gelatin Extraction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT: Pretreatments with different chemicals at different concentrations to remove Ca compounds were studied to determine their effects on gelatin extraction from silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) scales. During Ca removal with HCl, citric acid, and EDTA, all 3 chemicals were able to decalcify (>90%) scales; however, protein losses with EDTA were lower than with HCl and citric acid ( P < 0.05), and protein losses with citric acid were lower than with HCl ( P < 0.05). Ca removal with HCl yielded a solution where 4% to 5% of the protein was Hyp, with estimated gelatin losses from 0.9% to 2.5%. After 0.20 mol/L HCl was used for Ca removal, the extracted gelatin solution was 15.4% of the initial scales weight and gave a gel strength of 128 g. After using 1.2 g/L citric acid for Ca removal, the extracted gelatin solution was only 9% of the scales and the gel strength was 97 g. Using 0.20 mol/L EDTA for Ca removal gave a yield of 22% and a gel strength of 152 g. These data suggest that EDTA at 0.20 mol/L provides the best Ca removal with minimal collagen/gelatin removal (estimated gelatin loss was less than 0.013%) during the Ca removal step, and subsequently gave a high gelatin yield and gel strength. Fish gelatin has generally been extracted from fish skins and occasionally fish bones. This article focuses on removing the Ca compounds in fish scales and then producing fish gelatin with a good gel strength and yield. With further studies, this study may help the fish industry to have a new source of fish gelatin for food and pharmaceutical applications. 相似文献
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