不同质构特性西蓝花对口腔加工行为和米饭餐饱腹感的影响

为探究同样原料不同质构蔬菜对口腔加工行为、食物摄入和饱腹感的影响,以两种熟西蓝花为研究对象,分析健康受试者同时食用西蓝花与米饭或先食用西蓝花、后食用米饭时的口腔加工行为,并测定食物摄入量及餐后饱腹感相关指标。结果表明：与同时进食软西蓝花和米饭相比,先进食硬西蓝花、后进食米饭的处理可增加44%的咀嚼次数、34%的口腔感官暴露时间、57%的单位质量咀嚼次数,进食速率和米饭摄入量分别降低25%和20%,并有效抑制餐后饥饿感。结论：较硬西蓝花可通过促进口腔加工效应从而降低食物摄入并抑制餐后饥饿感,而这种效应在先进食西蓝花时表现得更为显著。     

丹麦研究食用加入小麦或黑麦麸的含有10%脂肪香肠后测试者的食欲与食物摄入

<正>在香肠中使用膳食纤维作为脂肪的替代品可以减少能量摄入并且更加健康。同时,膳食纤维也会增强饱腹感,丹麦一项研究旨在确定食欲感和能量摄入是否受到以下因素影响:1)在香肠中加入膳食纤维;2)膳食纤维的种类;3)膳食纤维的食品基质(发表于2014年2月Appetite)。在本随机交叉研究中,提供给25个年轻人4种测试餐:麦麸香肠、黑麦麸香肠、黑麦麸面包以及小麦粉香肠。所有测试者在一夜禁食后食用测试早餐。接着在240 min里,每30 min用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估测试者的食欲感,然后再随机提供给测试者计算过能量摄入的午餐。与小麦粉香肠相比,黑麦麸与麦麸香肠增加了饱腹感(P0.01)和满足感(P0.02)并且降低了饥饿感(P0.001)和预期消费(P0.001)。另外,与黑麦     

国外资讯

<正>菠菜提取物能够增加饱腹感一项发表在《美国营养学会杂志》的研究表明:在菠菜类囊体中发现的提取物可减少饥饿感和欲望。这项研究分别测试了摄入单剂量菠菜类囊体提取浓缩物与安慰剂的试验者在饱腹感、食物摄入量和血糖方面的不同作用。根据参与双盲随机交叉研究的60个测试者(30位男性和30位女性)的体重情况,将他们分为超重组和过度肥胖组。让他们至少隔周随机摄入菠菜提取物或者安慰剂。分别收集他     

国外资讯

<正>可使人产生饱腹感的新食品成分伦敦帝国理工学院和格拉斯哥大学的研究人员通过临床研究,发现了抑制肥胖者体重增加的有效食品成分。研究人员对20名受试者进行随机双盲对照实验。让他们采用自助餐的形式,不限量地自由进食添加了食物纤维——菊糖丙酸酯(IPE)的食物。结果表明,那些食用了菊糖丙酸酯的受试者的平均进食量比对照组的进食量少14%,而且他们血液中与降低食欲有关的激素水平也更高。随后,又对60名肥胖的受试者进行为期24周的研究。研究人员在     

影响饱腹感的成分及其生理功能的研究进展

摄食是是影响人们在短期内的能量获取的重要因素。过度的食物摄入造成人体非必需能量增加,引发肥胖、糖尿病、冠心病等疾病。为改善营养过量摄入现状,人们通过产生自身饱腹感来降低食物摄入量。有研究表明,含有膳食纤维,淀粉,蛋白质的食物摄入后会产生强烈饱腹感,能够有效减少能量摄入,但是人们却对其中的机制知之甚少。本文主要对人体饱腹感产生机理、产生饱腹感的物质种类(膳食纤维,淀粉,蛋白质)及其生理功能进行论述,旨在为人类健康饮食和预防疾病的研究提供思路。     

豆类对粥食血糖反应和饱腹感的影响

通过测定红小豆粥、红小豆粳米粥、小黑豆粥、小黑豆粳米粥、粳米粥的血糖生成指数和饱腹感指数,探讨我国常见的谷豆类混合烹调对血糖应答和饱腹感应答的影响。根据等能量1255.2kJ(300kcal)的食物量,以葡萄糖为对照,测定和记录各样品在240min 内各时间点的血糖水平及饱腹感水平,计算10 名受试者的血糖指数和饱腹感指数。小黑豆粥和红小豆粥的血糖指数分别为16 和24,豆米混合粥在70 左右,粳米粥高达102。血糖指数和饱腹感指数呈显著负相关性(r = － 0.924,P ＜ 0.01),且饱腹感指数与进食时间有显著正相关性(r =0.908,P ＜ 0.05)。结果表明,谷豆混合粥为中等血糖指数食物,其饱腹感较高,需要控制血糖者和控制体质量者可以适量食用。     

白米饭餐前负荷3种水果的餐后血糖和饱腹感反应

为探究不同水果餐前负荷的效果差异,募集10位年轻超重受试者,以含15 g可利用碳水化合物的苹果、甜橙或梨为餐前负荷食物,以含50 g可利用碳水化合物的白米饭为正餐食物,测定各测试餐后180 min内的血糖和饱腹感水平,以及3种水果的营养成分和质构特性。结果表明:餐前负荷3种水果均可显著降低餐后血糖波动幅度,其中,苹果和甜橙分别使每克可利用碳水化合物引起的血糖增加值显著降低27.3%和34.1%。餐前负荷水果对餐后饱腹感无显著影响。结论:白米饭餐前30 min负荷3种水果,均有益于平缓餐后血糖反应,其效应可用水果成分及质构特性来解释。     

国外资讯

摄入更多的水果、蔬菜不会增加饱腹感《国际肥胖期刊》刊登的1篇文章表明,富含水果和蔬菜的饮食无法解除饥饿,相反,餐前食用果汁会增加饥饿感乃至体重。研究人员为34名志愿者提供通心粉和奶酪作为常规午餐,以"食你所能"的方式开始这一研究。参与者平均每餐摄入785或821卡路里的热量。如果同一批受试者餐前摄入新鲜水果及水果干,他们的午餐通常摄入678卡路里的热量(包含餐前摄入的水     

北京大学医学部集体就餐学生营养调查

分析集体就餐学生群体能量摄入量和各种营养素摄入水平。方便抽样集体就餐学生共40名作为调查对象,通过称重法与24h膳食回顾法分别估算能量和营养素水平。在3d时间内,男生的平均能量摄入量为2 260±588kcal/d;女生为2 022±461kcal/d,低于我国目前现行的轻体力活动成年男女能量推荐量。男女生各餐供能比分别为早餐14.2%、23.0%;午餐31.5%、24.4%;晚餐39.6%、27.6%;三餐外进食分别为14.7%和25.0%。3大营养素供能比(碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质)男生分别为51.4%、35.2%、13.4%;女生分别为50.7%、36.1%、13.2%。膳食中矿物质和维生素摄入量普遍不足。膳食结构中脂肪提供的能量比例增加,早餐供能比过低,蔬菜水果和乳制品摄入量不足,矿物质维生素未达到推荐量是目前该群体普遍现象,应增加在校集体就餐学生食物品种的多样性,对大学生集体就餐群体制定相应干预策略。     

食品对食欲的影响及高饱腹感食品的开发

过多的食品能量摄入是造成超重和肥胖的主要原因之一。该文综述食品的不同品质特性,包括营养成分、能量密度、可口性、感官、风味和质地对食品饱腹能力的影响的研究进展,概述饱腹感和食品摄入量的主要测量方法,为一种创新、可口、低能量密度、高饱腹感的食品的开发提供科学理论基础。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status