红外染色技术在人造麂皮染色中的应用研究

采用Dianix系列分散染料对PA／PU人造麂皮进行染色，比较了常规染色工艺和红外染色工艺上染速率曲线，分析了红外染色温度、时间和升温速率对染色效果的影响，确定了红外染色工艺为：50℃入染，以2℃／min升温到120℃，保温50min。试验结果表明，红外染色工艺不仅提高了染料利用率、匀染性和色牢度，并且缩短了染色时间。     

硫化还原蓝RNX染色工艺探讨

本文较系统地研究了硫化还原蓝ＲＮＸ的染色工艺，并讨论了染色温度，浴比，助剂，烧碱－保险粉的配比等工艺参数对染色的影响，通过实践选择最佳工艺，新工艺与活性染料的染色工艺进行对比，可节省成本，提高生产效率。     

微悬浮体染色技术在羊毛染色中的应用

采用Lanasol系列染料以微悬浮体染色工艺对羊毛纤维进行染色，比较了微悬浮体染色和传统染色工艺一VLanasol染料对羊毛纤维的染色性能以及染品的损伤程度。结果表明，采用微悬浮体染色工艺能显著缩短羊毛的染色时间，减少纤维在染色过程中所受的损伤，节约能源，且其上染百分率和固色率较传统染色工艺高，染品色泽也较鲜艳。     

大豆纤维针织物溢流染色探讨

本文研究了大豆织物的前处理和染色工艺，确定了复合酸的煮练工艺条件及氧漂工艺条件，采用BES活性染料染色，同时探讨了各种助剂的用量，确定染色温度和时间，并对染色中存在的问题进行分析。     

涂料染色技术的开发应用

分析了影响涂料染色的各种因素，对常规染色工艺与涂料染色工艺作了比较，提出了开发涂料染色技术需解决的几大问题及其解决方法。     

涤绵织物染元青的工艺比较

本文讨论了分散／内夫妥、分散／液体硫化染料染涤棉元青的工艺，从工艺流程，染色效果，染色牢度和成本等方面对这两种染色工艺进行了比较，根据染色批量的大小合理选择染色工艺，可取得最佳经济效益。     

棉麻织物涂料染色工艺探讨

对棉麻交织物涂料染色工艺进行了探讨，对色加工中涂料用量，粘合剂用量，柔软剂的应用及加工工艺进行了实验研究。通过生产试验，得出了棉麻物涂料染色的可行工艺，为棉麻织物的染色和加工提供了新途径。     

棉麻织物涂料染色工艺探讨

对棉麻交织物涂料染色工艺进行了探讨，对染色加工中涂料用量、粘合剂用量、柔软剂的应用以及加工工艺条伯进行了实验研究。通过大量生产试验，得出了棉麻交织物涂料染色的可行工艺，为棉麻交织物的染色加工提供了新途径。     

改性涤纶仿真丝染色工艺探讨

对改性涤纶仿真丝染色工艺条件的选择作了详细论述，通过对改性涤纶纤维物理性能染色加工试验，证明了染色工艺条件选择的正确性。     

PTT分散染料微胶囊染色工艺初探

采用分散染料微胶囊对PTT织物进行染色，将pH值、染色温度、保温时间作为影响因素安排相关染色工艺试验条件。通过考察相应染色样品K／S值和色牢度，得出最佳染色工艺条件，为最终实现PTT的分散染料微胶囊清洁染色工艺作了初步探索。     

儿茶素的两种浸提工艺的优化及比较

浸提是儿茶素生产的重要步骤,对总收率和后续的分离提纯有直接的影响。本文以茶多酚、儿茶素、咖啡碱的得率为指标,比较浸提温度、时间、液固比、浸提次数对热水浸提和80％的醇水溶液浸提两种方法的不同影响获得两种浸提方法的适宜工艺条件。在此基础上,对两种方法的生产总成本进行了技术经济分析,表明醇水浸提法生产成本与水浸提法之比约为1．15,两种方法适合于不同产品要求的生产。     

Combining nonthermal technologies to control foodborne microorganisms

Novel nonthermal processes, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), pulsed electric fields (PEFs), ionizing radiation and ultrasonication, are able to inactivate microorganisms at ambient or sublethal temperatures. Many of these processes require very high treatment intensities, however, to achieve adequate microbial destruction in low-acid foods. Combining nonthermal processes with conventional preservation methods enhances their antimicrobial effect so that lower process intensities can be used. Combining two or more nonthermal processes can also enhance microbial inactivation and allow the use of lower individual treatment intensities. For conventional preservation treatments, optimal microbial control is achieved through the hurdle concept, with synergistic effects resulting from different components of the microbial cell being targeted simultaneously. The mechanisms of inactivation by nonthermal processes are still unclear; thus, the bases of synergistic combinations remain speculative. This paper reviews literature on the antimicrobial efficiencies of nonthermal processes combined with conventional and novel nonthermal technologies. Where possible, the proposed mechanisms of synergy is mentioned.     

空调对棉纺生产的影响研究

通过对棉纺厂各工序在不同温湿度情况下的可加工性的研究，对棉纺生产各工序的产品回潮率与车间温湿度间的相互关系作了研讨并进行了测试分析，利用Matlab工具找出了回潮率与车间温湿度之间的关系，找出了各工序的最佳温湿度处理范围，保证棉纺生产得以顺利进行。     

Sonochemistry in environmental remediation. 1. Combinative and hybrid sonophotochemical oxidation processes for the treatment of pollutants in water

Sonoprocessing is the utilization of sonic and ultrasonic waves in chemical synthesis and processes. It is a new and rapidly growing research field with broad applications in environmental engineering, green chemical synthesis, and processing. The application of this environmentally benign technique in environmental remediation is currently under active research and development. Sonochemical oxidation is effective in treating toxic effluents and reducing toxicity. However, the ultrasonic treatment is highly energy intensive since sonication is relatively inefficient with respect to total input energy and is therefore not economically attractive or feasible alone. Hence, sonochemistry has not yet received much attention as an alternative for industrial and large-scale chemical and environmental processes. One of the most interesting topics in the recent advances in sonochemistry is the possibility of double or more excitations with ultrasound and other types of energy. The coupling of ultrasound with other free energy sources (i.e., UV) or chemical oxidation utilizing H2O2, O3, or ferrous ion presents interesting and attractive approaches. Therefore, many recent efforts have been devoted to improving the efficiency of sonochemical reactions by exploiting the advantages of combinative or hybrid processes involving the simultaneous or sequential use of ultrasonic irradiation and other advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical processes, and biological treatment. This paper provides a critical review of the applications of ultrasound in environmental remediation, focusing on recent developments and unifying analysis of combinative or hybrid systems, namely, sonophotochemical oxidation processes.     

Zero discharge tanning: a shift from chemical to biocatalytic leather processing

Beam house processes (Beam house processes generally mean liming-reliming processes, which employ beam.) contribute more than 60% of the total pollution from leather processing. The use of lime and sodium sulfide is of environmental concern (1, 2). Recently, the authors have developed an enzyme-based dehairing assisted with a very low amount of sodium sulfide, which completely avoids the use of lime. However, the dehaired pelt requires opening up of fiber bundles for further processing, where lime is employed to achieve this through osmotic swelling. Huge amounts of lime sludge and total solids are the main drawbacks of lime. An alternative bioprocess, based on alpha-amylase for fiber opening, has been attempted after enzymatic unhairing. This totally eliminates the use of lime in leather processing. This method enables subsequent processes and operations in leather making feasible without a deliming process. A control experiment was run in parallel using conventional liming-reliming processes. It has been found that the extent of opening up of fiber bundles using alpha-amylase is comparable to that of the control. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic, stratigraphic chrome distribution analysis, and softness measurements. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on a par with leathers produced by the conventional process through physical and hand evaluation. Importantly, softness of the leathers is numerically proven to be comparable with that of control. The process also demonstrates reduction in chemical oxygen demand load by 45% and total solids load by 20% compared to the conventional process. The total dry sludge from the beam house processes is brought down from 152 to 8 kg for processing 1 ton of raw hides.     

人造板蒸汽喷射热压法

本文对不同热压法进行了比较 ;阐述了蒸汽喷射热压法的发展过程 ;对蒸汽喷射热压法的不同方式进行了介绍和比较 ;介绍了蒸汽喷射热压法的实用化现状。蒸汽喷射热压法是能显著缩短热压时间、提高产品质量、前途远大的一门实用性技术 ;蒸汽喷射热压法的应用 ,将使厚、特厚板及低密度板的制造成为可能。     

利用分散稳定性获得PET匀染效果

专有的PET缝纫纱染色测试展示了如何借助出色的分散稳定性处理临界工艺。目前,纺织行业必须持续优化其染色工艺。这种优化通过可重现性染色得以实现,这样会减少需要回修的染色产品数量。鉴此,在不改变整个染色工艺的情况下,可通过改进工艺的第一阶段实现节约生产。另外,还介绍了提高操作稳定性以及改用更为经济的优化措施。     

Bioscouring and bleaching process of cotton fabrics – an opportunity of saving water and energy

Bio-processing was accompanied by a significant lower demand of energy, water, chemicals, time and costs. This study attempted to introduce the bio-processes in the conventional scouring and bleaching with peracetic acid (PAA) of the cotton fabrics. The scouring with two types of pectinases, acting under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively, was as efficient as the chemical process in terms of obtained adequate water absorbency of the fabrics. Bleaching with PAA can substitute bleaching with hydrogen peroxide when medium degree of whiteness is demanded. The bioscouring and bleaching with PAA processes cause no damage to fibres and this is one of the benefits of such processes. Wastewaters are not charged with harmful chemicals. The consumption of water and energy is the lowest at combined scouring/bleaching treatments. Consequently, at these processes arises the lowest amount of effluents and the produced wastewater is biodegradable.     

Integrated cooking and vacuum cooling of chicken breast cuts in a single vessel

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate integrated processes of cooking and vacuum cooling of chicken breast cuts in a same vessel aiming at avoiding product manipulation and reducing the processing time. In this context, three integrated processes were compared with respect to weight loss and processing time: (i) vapor cooking followed by vacuum cooling; (ii) water immersion cooking followed by draining the cooking water and vacuum cooling; and (iii) water immersion cooking followed by vacuum cooling with the product immerse in the cooking water. Shorter cooling times were obtained using processes (i) and (ii), where the cooling is performed in non-immersed samples, while smaller weight losses are obtained using process (iii). Consequently, for applications in which weight loss is not an issue, processes (i) and (ii) must be used. Alternatively, process (iii) can be used for obtaining smaller weight losses with a larger cooling time.     

平稳模糊随机过程及其谱分解

将平稳随机过程的若干理论结果推广到模糊随机过程．首先讨论了严平稳模糊随机过程和宽平稳模糊随机过程的基本概念和性质，然后在定义模糊值正交随机测度的基础上得到了宽平稳模糊随机过程的谱分解定理。