乙醇萃取米糠油脱酸脱蜡工艺研究

为探索高酸值米糠油的脱酸、脱蜡方法,以食用乙醇为萃取剂,对米糠油采用萃取的方法达到脱酸、脱蜡的目的.研究表明其优化工艺是:用95％的乙醇与米糠毛油按2.5∶1体积质量比、连续萃取2次,结果是:米糠油得率为87.59％,产品的酸值为1.21 mgKOH/g,谷维素保留率为87.10％,得到米糠毛油重8.93％的游离脂肪酸和3.48％的蜡,乙醇回收率为90.05％,溶耗酸值比为0.56.用乙醇萃取米糠油脱酸脱蜡工艺相比化学脱酸和物理脱酸工艺,设备投资少,谷维素保留率高,米糠油得率较高,回收了副产品游离脂肪酸和蜡.不足之处是消耗的乙醇较多,产品的酸值达不到一级油标准.     

脱酸工艺对米糠油中功能因子含量影响的研究

以脱胶米糠油为原料,研究了醇萃取脱酸以及醇萃取脱酸后再经过碱炼或自制吸附剂吸附脱酸对米糠油中功能因子含量的影响。结果表明:甲醇和95%乙醇萃取脱酸均能较好地脱除游离脂肪酸(FFA),但从功能因子损失和米糠油得率来看,甲醇萃取脱酸效果明显好于95%乙醇,甲醇4次萃取脱酸后米糠油得率为63.95%,FFA脱除率为92.57%,谷维素、维生素E、植物甾醇的损失率分别为8.56%、32.86%、20.28%;对甲醇4次萃取脱酸后的米糠油采用质量分数为8.07%的碱液(Na OH溶液)进行碱炼脱酸时,其酸值(KOH)可降至1 mg/g以内,功能因子损失相对较少;自制吸附剂对甲醇4次萃取脱酸后的米糠油吸附脱酸可降低酸值,并且功能因子基本无损失。     

米糠油萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸工艺效果研究北大核心CSCD

为了在脱酸的同时尽可能保留米糠油中的营养成分,采用乙醇萃取脱酸结合碱性微晶纤维素吸附脱酸的低温物理脱酸技术对米糠油进行脱酸。以乙醇萃取脱酸米糠油为原料,以脱酸率为考察指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验对米糠油的吸附脱酸工艺条件进行了优化,同时对比了碱炼脱酸与乙醇萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸对米糠油品质的影响。结果表明:最佳吸附脱酸工艺条件为碱性微晶纤维素添加量3.0%、吸附时间2.0 h、吸附温度40℃,在此条件下米糠原油经乙醇萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸处理后,酸值(KOH)由35.04 mg/g降到0.92 mg/g,谷维素的保留率为73.0%,总甾醇保留率为74.3%,总生育酚保留率为56.5%;而米糠原油经碱炼脱酸处理后,酸值(KOH)由35.04 mg/g降到1.16 mg/g,谷维素的保留率为60.1%,总甾醇保留率为65.6%,总生育酚保留率为44.6%。可见,与传统碱炼脱酸相比,萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸的方法对米糠油中谷维素、甾醇、生育酚的保留率更高,对游离脂肪酸的脱除效果更好。     

高酸值米糠油萃取脱酸工艺的研究

对高酸值米糠油的溶剂萃取脱酸工艺进行了研究。在以95%乙醇为溶剂、萃取温度30℃、油和溶剂比为1∶1.8(w/w)的条件下萃取3次,可将米糠油酸值从31.02(KOH)/(mg/g)降至4.52(KOH)/(mg/g),通过碱炼可进一步降低酸值至0.23(KOH)/(mg/g)。该工艺可大幅降低脱酸过程中的炼耗,经蒸发脱溶后可直接获得副产品脂肪酸。     

模拟高酸值菜籽油的不同脱酸方法工艺优化及脱酸效果比较

以菜籽油为原料,模拟出高酸值植物油,分别采用两次碱炼脱酸法、乙醇溶剂多次萃取法和分子蒸馏-碱炼脱酸法进行脱酸,探讨模拟高酸值菜籽油碱炼最大脱酸程度及该脱酸程度下最佳脱酸方案,最后应用于高酸值薏米米糠油进行验证。研究结果表明,模拟高酸值菜籽油碱炼脱酸的最大脱酸程度为60 mg KOH/g; 3种方法经优化后,两次碱炼脱酸后精炼油酸值为0. 111 mg KOH/g,总得率为34. 82%;乙醇萃取脱酸后精炼油酸值为3. 158 mg KOH/g,总得率为47. 77%;分子蒸馏-碱炼脱酸后精炼油酸值为0. 280 mg KOH/g,总得率为57. 45%。最佳脱酸方案为分子蒸馏-碱炼脱酸,其工艺为:在蒸发器温度165℃、内冷器温度30℃、转速365 r/min条件下分子蒸馏后,采用60 g/L的NaOH溶液在0℃下脱酸,100 g/L的Na Cl溶液洗脱皂脚后分离得最终脱酸油。高酸值薏米米糠油经最佳工艺脱酸后,其酸值由63. 41 mg KOH/g降至0. 441 mg KOH/g,总得率为57. 05%。实际体系和模拟体系脱酸结果一致性较好,说明模拟所得最佳脱酸工艺具有可行性。     

高酸值米糠油萃取脱酸工艺的研究

对高酸值米糠油的溶剂萃取脱酸工艺进行了研究。在以95％乙醇为溶剂、萃取温度30℃、油和溶剂比为1：1．8（w／w）的条件下萃取3次，可将米糠油酸值从31．02（KOH）／（mg／g）降至4．52（KOH）／（mg／g），通过碱炼可进一步降低酸值至0．23（KOH）／（mg／g）。该工艺可大幅降低脱酸过程中的炼耗，经蒸发脱溶后可直接获得副产品脂肪酸。     

正交试验优化牡丹籽油的溶剂萃取脱酸工艺

研究牡丹籽毛油的溶剂萃取脱酸工艺,通过单因素试验和正交试验得到牡丹籽毛油的最佳萃取脱酸工艺条件为：以95%乙醇溶液为萃取溶剂,萃取次数3 次、料液比1∶2.5（g/mL）、萃取温度40 ℃、萃取时间20 min。在该最佳条件下,游离脂肪酸脱除率为93.12%,脱酸得油率为83.23%;牡丹籽油的酸值由10.18 mg KOH/g降到0.70 mg KOH/g,仍然保持牡丹籽油特有的清香味,达到后续深加工和开发利用的品质要求。     

高酸值花椒籽油的醇萃取-碱炼混合脱酸工艺研究

以高酸值花椒籽油为原料,选择醇萃取-碱炼混合法精炼花椒籽油。以酸值、脱酸率或精炼率为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验分别考察了初次脱酸和二次脱酸工艺中各参数对花椒籽油脱酸效果的影响。实验结果表明,在初次脱酸实验中95%乙醇与花椒籽油的液料比为2.5∶1m L/g,二次脱酸实验中乙醇浓度为65%、氢氧化钠浓度为1.4%、乙醇-Na OH溶液与花椒籽油的液料比为2∶1m L/g、反应温度为60℃的条件下,酸值为76.60mg KOH/g的花椒籽油可降低到0.38mg KOH/g。     

无溶剂体系高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸工艺优化研究

研究了无溶剂体系中,两种固定化脂肪酶(Lipozyme RMIM和Lipozyme 435)对高酸值米糠油的酶法酯化脱酸效果。结果表明,脂肪酶Lipozyme 435脱酸效果较脂肪酶Lipozyme RMIM更好。在单因素实验的基础上,运用正交实验对高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸工艺条件进行优化,得到最优工艺条件为:反应温度70℃,脂肪酶Lipozyme 435添加量为米糠油质量的3%,反应时间10 h,甘油添加量为理论甘油质量的250%。在最优工艺条件下,米糠油酸值(KOH)从39.81 mg/g降到2.06 mg/g,脱酸率达到94.83%,谷维素保留率为92.44%、VE保留率为77.94%、植物甾醇保留率为82.34%。     

基于响应面分析法优化高酸值米糠油化学法酯化脱酸工艺

在对催化剂的种类、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂添加量和甘油添加量5个影响因素考察的基础上,根据中心组合试验原理设计了试验,并以响应面法优化高酸值米糠油的脱酸工艺。结果表明,酯化脱酸的最佳方案为反应时间4 h、反应温度215℃、甘油添加量为理论甘油的115%、催化剂添加量为0.3%,在此条件下的理论脱酸率可达90.95%,实际脱酸率可达91.81%,其中谷维素保留率为30.23%。以上结果表明,该工艺条件可靠,具有可行性和参考价值。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.