Microbial communities involved in methane production from hydrocarbons in oil sands tailings

Microbial metabolism of residual hydrocarbons, primarily short-chain n-alkanes and certain monoaromatic hydrocarbons, in oil sands tailings ponds produces large volumes of CH(4) in situ. We characterized the microbial communities involved in methanogenic biodegradation of whole naphtha (a bitumen extraction solvent) and its short-chain n-alkane (C(6)-C(10)) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) components using primary enrichment cultures derived from oil sands tailings. Clone libraries of bacterial 16S rRNA genes amplified from these enrichments showed increased proportions of two orders of Bacteria: Clostridiales and Syntrophobacterales, with Desulfotomaculum and Syntrophus/Smithella as the closest named relatives, respectively. In parallel archaeal clone libraries, sequences affiliated with cultivated acetoclastic methanogens (Methanosaetaceae) were enriched in cultures amended with n-alkanes, whereas hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanomicrobiales) were enriched with BTEX. Naphtha-amended cultures harbored a blend of these two archaeal communities. The results imply syntrophic oxidation of hydrocarbons in oil sands tailings, with the activities of different carbon flow pathways to CH(4) being influenced by the primary hydrocarbon substrate. These results have implications for predicting greenhouse gas emissions from oil sands tailings repositories.     

Bacterial community structure in kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable food, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene analysis

Kimchi is a traditional Korean food fermented from a variety of vegetables. We elucidated the microbial community structure of five commercially produced kimchis made from Chinese cabbage by examining culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Most of the clones (347 out of 348) belonged to lactic acid bacteria and included several species of the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Weissella. Weissella koreensis was found in all the samples and predominated in three of them (42.6-82%). Leuconostoc gelidum, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum and Lactobacillus sakei were common in the remaining kimchi clone libraries (>34%). The composition of bacterial phylotypes in kimchi varied between samples. Our approach revealed different community structures from those reported in previous culture-dependent studies based on phenotypic identification methods. The culture-independent method used here proved to be efficient and accurate and showed that the bacterial communities in kimchi differ from those in other fermented vegetable foods.     

Microbial diversity in Tunisian olive fermentation brine as evaluated by small subunit rRNA - Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis

The microbial diversity of a Tunisian olive fermentation brine was analysed using a culture-independent approach based on the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). SSCP patterns show a remarkably simple microbial community but higher for bacterial community than for the eukaryotic community. This study did not show the presence of archaeal populations. After PCR amplification, two small subunit (SSU) rRNA clone libraries of Bacteria and Eucarya populations were established. Three bacteria and only one eukaryotic phylotype were identified. Two dominant bacteria showed 100% phylogenetic similarity to the 16S rRNA sequences of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus collinoides and represent 85% of bacterial community. The third bacteria phylotype was phylogenetically close related to the 16S rRNA sequence of a moderately halophilic bacterium belonging to the class gamma Proteobacteria. The dominant eukaryotic phylotype was identified as a Pichia membranaefaciens.     

Comparison of archaeal and bacterial community structures in heavily oil-contaminated and pristine soils

Archaeal and bacterial community structures in heavily oil-contaminated and pristine soils were compared using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene libraries. The results showed that archaeal diversity was more complex in the contaminated soil than in the uncontaminated control soil. Archaeal populations in the contaminated soil consisted mainly of Euryarchaeota, with abundant methanogen-like operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and OTUs related to the phylogenetically diverse group, candidate division I, corresponding to rice cluster V. In contrast, only halophilic archaea were found in the pristine soil. Bacterial community structures also differed significantly between the contaminated and pristine soils. More clones from the contaminated soil were related to known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, implying that microorganisms with the potential to degrade petroleum were well-established. These results provide further insights into the composition of microbial communities in oil-contaminated soils.     

Phylogenetic microarray analysis of a microbial community performing reductive dechlorination at a TCE-contaminated site

A high-density phylogenetic microarray (PhyloChip) was applied to track bacterial and archaeal populations through different phases of remediation at Ft. Lewis, WA, a trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater site. Biostimulation with whey, and bioaugmentation with a Dehalococcoides-containing enrichment culture were strategies implemented to enhance dechlorination. As a measure of species richness, over 1300 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in DNA from groundwater samples extracted during different stages of treatment and in the bioaugmentation culture. In order to determine active members within the community, 16S rRNA from samples were analyzed by microarray and ～600 OTUs identified. A cDNA clone library of the expressed 16S rRNA corroborated the observed diversity and activity of some of the phyla. Principle component analysis of the treatment plot samples revealed that the microbial populations were constantly changing during the course of the study. Dynamic analysis of the archaeal population showed significant increases in methanogens at the later stages of treatment that correlated with increases in methane concentrations of over 2 orders of magnitude. Overall, the PhyloChip analyses in this study have provided insights into the microbial ecology and population dynamics at the TCE-contaminated field site useful for understanding the in situ reductive dechlorination processes.     

Effect of dilution rate on structure of a mesophilic acetate-degrading methanogenic community during continuous cultivation

The community structures of two mesophilic acetate-degrading methanogenic consortia enriched at dilution rates of 0.025 and 0.6 d(-1) were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA clonal sequences and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). FISH experiments with archaeal and bacterial domain-specific probes showed that archaeal cells were predominant and only a small number of bacterial cells were detected at both dilution rates. In the domain Archaea, the number of cells closely related to Methanosarcina barkeri was shown to be greater at the high dilution rate using FISH with species-specific probes. Taxonomic analyses based on rDNA clonal sequences obtained at the low and high dilution rates showed that 43% of 100 clones and 72% of 92 clones, respectively, were affiliated with the domain Archaea and the remainders at each dilution rate were affiliated with the domain Bacteria. Within the domain Archaea, all rDNA clones at both dilution rates were affiliated with the genera Methanosaeta or Methanosarcina of the aceticlastic methanogens. Within the domain Bacteria, the rDNA clones obtained at the low dilution rate were affiliated with four phyla, Firmicutes (36%), Bacteroidetes (9%), Chloroflexi (6%) and candidate division OP12 (5%). The rDNA clones obtained at the high dilution rate were affiliated with four phyla, Firmicutes (16%), Bacteroidetes (8%), Proteobacteria (1%) and candidate division OP12 (3%). Real-time quantitative PCR experiments showed that the number of rDNA sequences affiliated with the genus Methanosarcina was greater at the high dilution rate. In addition, a significant number of rDNA sequences affiliated with the genus Methanoculleus were detected only at the low dilution rate. Detection of a hydrogenotrophic methanogen at the low dilution rate suggests that the syntrophic acetate oxidation by hydrogenotrophic methanogens and acetate-oxidizing bacteria could occur at the low dilution rate.     

Bacterial communities in petroleum oil in stockpiles

Bacterial communities in crude-oil samples from Japanese oil stockpiles were investigated by 16S rRNA gene cloning, followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. 16S rRNA genes were successfully amplified by PCR after isooctane treatment from three kinds of crude-oil sample collected at four oil stockpiles in Japan. DGGE profiles showed that bacteria related to Ochrobactrum anthropi, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Propionibacterium acnes, and Brevundimonas diminuta were frequently detected in most crude-oil samples. The bacterial communities differed in the sampling time and layer. Among the predominant bacteria detected in the crude oil, only three species were found for bacteria isolated on agar plates and were related to Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, and Propionibacterium, while Ochrobactrum sp. could not be isolated although this species seemed to be the most abundant bacterium in crude oil from the DGGE profiles. Using an archaea-specific primer set, methanogens were found in crude-oil sludge but not in crude-oil samples, indicating that methanogens might be involved in sludge formation in oil stockpiles.     

Investigating unsaturated fat, monensin, or bromoethanesulfonate in continuous cultures retaining ruminal protozoa. II. Interaction of treatment and presence of protozoa on prokaryotic communities

Increasing the consistency of responses to reduce emissions of ruminal methane and nitrogenous wastes into the environment using microbial inhibitors requires an accurate assessment of microbial community profiles. In addition to direct inhibition of methanogens by feed additives, protozoa are often targeted for inhibition because their close physical association with endo- and ectosymbionts stimulates methanogenesis in the rumen. In this study, we first modified a continuous culture system to maintain a diverse protozoal population (faunated subperiod) and then selectively effluxed them without using any chemical agents (defaunated subperiod). In both subperiods, unsaturated fat (potentially inhibitory to ciliate protozoa, methanogens, and gram-positive bacteria), monensin (assumed to inhibit gram-positive bacteria), and bromoethanesulfonate (BES; a potent inhibitor of methanogens) were used to suppress the respective functional groups of microorganisms. Changes in microbial populations were determined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, followed by cloning and DNA sequencing of the excised bands. Neither monensin nor unsaturated fat consistently affected methanogen populations under our conditions in either the faunated or defaunated subperiods. When BES was administered, bands presumptively linked to protozoa-associated methanogens in the faunated subperiod disappeared in the defaunated subperiod. However, there was no noticeable adaptation of the sensitive methanogens to BES. The effect of dietary treatments on bacterial populations in the fermenters was harder to ascertain because of the overriding period effect caused by a different inoculum in each period. Defaunation selectively decreased the intensity of bands associated with ruminococci and clostridia but seemed to increase some Butyrivibrio and related populations. Presence of protozoa influenced both bacterial and archaeal populations, probably by selective predation, competition for substrate, or through symbiotic interactions.     

Analysis of the bacterial floral structure and diversity of Xuanwei ham by 16S rDNA sequencing

Xuanwei ham fermentation relies on indigenous and environmental microorganisms, which have abundant microbial resources. However, the traditional method of microbial community determination gives low detection rate of microorganisms. In order to reveal the microbial community of the Xuanwei ham more sufficiently, in this study, the total DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of the microbes from samples obtained from two brands of Xuanwei ham (10 samples each) were extracted with kit and SDS-CTAB method. Afterward, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to target the 16S rDNA gene V4 variant sequence. The composition and diversity of bacterial communities were analyzed. Results revealed that 872 operational taxonomic units, including 23 phyla, 39 classes, 61 orders, 131 families, and 258 genera, were obtained from the 20 ham samples at a similarity level of 97%. The bacterial diversity in Brand II was richer than that in Brand I. The DNA extracted by SDS-CTAB could show the bacterial diversity better than that extracted by the kit method. At the genus level, the dominant bacterial communities were Tetragenococcus for Brand I and Acinetobacter for Brand II.     

虾酱中间产物细菌群落结构及多样性

为更全面地探究虾酱中微生物的多样性,运用高通量测序技术,对虾酱中细菌16S?rDNA?V3-V4区测序,从而对虾酱中的细菌群落组成和多样性进行分析。研究共获得61?107?条序列,4?358?个操作分类单元,多样性分析表明虾酱中具有高度的微生物群落多样性。虾酱微生物群落组成分析表明虾酱中变形菌门占92.02%,γ-变形菌纲占90.58%,弧菌目占85.91%,弧菌科占85.91%,发光杆菌属占71.94%。研究结果加深了对虾酱中微生物群落组成和多样性的认识,为保证虾酱的质量与安全,提高虾酱的品质,优化虾酱的生产工艺提供理论依据。     

Microbial community analysis of mesophilic anaerobic protein degradation process using bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fed continuous cultivation

Two mesophilic anaerobic chemostats, one without added Ni2+ and Co2+ (chemostat 1) and the other with added Ni2+ and Co2+ (chemostat 2), were supplied with synthetic wastewater containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the sole carbon and energy source in order to study the capacity of protein degradation, microbial community structure and the effects of the addition of trace metals. Volatile fatty acids and ammonia were the main products of chemostat 1, while methane, CO2 and ammonia were the main products of chemostat 2, and critical dilution rates of 0.15 d-1 and 0.08 d-1 were obtained, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with archaeal and bacterial domain-specific probes showed that archaeal cells were very limited in chemostat 1 while large populations of several types of archaeal cells were present in chemostat 2. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene clonal sequences, DGGE, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that, within the domain Archaea, methanogens affiliated with the genera Methanosaeta and Methanoculleus were predominant in chemostat 2. Within the domain Bacteria, rRNA genes obtained from chemostat 1 were affiliated with the three phyla; Firmicutes (43%), Bacteroidetes (50%) and Proteobacteria (7%). A total of 56% of rRNA genes obtained from chemostat 2 was affiliated with the three phyla, Firmicutes (32%), Bacteroidetes (11%) and Proteobacteria (13%) while 44% of rRNA genes remained unclassified. Phylogenetically distinct clones were obtained in these two chemostats, suggesting that different protein degradation pathways were dominant in the two chemostats: coupled degradation of amino acids via the Stickland reaction in chemostat 1 and uncoupled degradation of amino acids via syntrophic association of amino acid degraders and hydrogenotrophic methanogens in chemostat 2.     

Changes in bacterial community structure after exposure to silver nanoparticles in natural waters

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in commercial products as antibacterial agents, but AgNPs might be hazardous to the environment and natural aquatic bacterial communities. Our recent research demonstrated that AgNPs rapidly but temporarily inhibited natural bacterioplankton production. The current study investigates the mechanism for the observed bacterial reaction to AgNPs by examining how AgNPs impact bacterial abundance, metabolic activity (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC+) cells), and 16S rRNA community composition. Natural bacterioplankton communities were dosed with carboxy-functionalized AgNPs at four concentrations (0.01-1 mg-Ag/L), incubated in triplicate, and monitored over 5 days. Ionic silver (AgNO(3)) and Milli-Q water treatments were used as a positive and negative control, respectively. Four general AgNP exposure responses, relative to the negative control, were observed: (1) intolerant, (2) impacted but recovering, (3) tolerant, and (4) stimulated phylotypes. Relationships between cell activity indicators and bacterial phylotypes, suggested that tolerant and recovering bacteria contributed the most to the community's productivity and rare bacteria phylotypes stimulated by AgNPs did not appear to contribute much to cell activity. Overall, natural bacterial communities tolerated single, low level AgNP doses and had similar activity levels to the negative control within five days of exposure, but bacterial community composition was different from that of the control.     

Evaluation of Bacterial Diversity in Palm Wine by 16S rDNA Analysis of Community DNA

Bacterial diversity and fermentation dynamics in palm wine, a traditional alcoholic fermented beverage, collected from upright palm trees from Idiaba community, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria were evaluated by DNA based method using the 16S rDNA of the microbial community to verify and complement previous reports, improve our understanding and document yet unreported, uncultured microbial diversity associated with palm wine. The 16S rRNA gene fragments were amplified from microbial community and genomic DNA of isolates, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using universal primers; and sequenced. The partial sequences were identified by comparison with sequences deposited in the non-redundant nucleotide database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This analysis revealed that 32 community clones were identified as Lactobacillus sp, Lactobacillus casei strain zhang, Lactobacillusplantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteriodes ssp dextranicum, Leuconcostoc lactis, Pediococcusparvulus strain Bpe-299, Acetobacter pomorum, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Gluconobacter oxydans, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacterium bacterium, Acidovorax sp, Comamonas sp, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcuspiscifermentans and uncultured bacteria clone D1-78. The results showed that bacterial diversity in the palm wine sample is dominated by Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc species as reported by previous workers and uncultured bacteria clone D1-78 (1 clone) was detected for the first time in palm wine.     

Comparison of microbial communities in marinated and unmarinated broiler meat by metagenomics

Most raw poultry sold in Finland at the retail level is mixed with marinades containing oil, sugar, spices and acetic acid and packaged under modified atmosphere. Premature spoilage of marinated poultry preparations has been observed and associated with high levels of Leuconostoc spp. in meat. In this study we investigated whether marination of broiler fillet strips increased the proportion of Leuconostoc spp. in the microbial communities. To obtain a comprehensive view of the microbiota, we sequenced total DNA and 16S rRNA gene amplicons from the microbial communities. The lactic acid bacterial communities were characterized also by identification of colonies. The results showed that marinade increased the proportions of the spoilage-associated Leuconostoc gasicomitatum in the communities as well as the proportions of Leuconostoc gelidum and Lactobacillus spp. The proportions of Carnobacterium, Vagococcus, Brochothrix thrermosphacta, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrio were diminished in marinated meat. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons resulted in 312 and 284 operational taxonomical units (dissimilarity 0.03) in unmarinated and marinated meat, respectively, indicating that the meat communities were more diverse than hitherto shown. Metagenomic analysis revealed a number of bacterial taxa that have not been associated with late shelf-life meat before, including Vagococcus and Vibrio that belonged to the predominating part of the microbial community in unmarinated meat. According to the functional analysis of the metagenomes, the communities in both marinated and unmarinated poultry were characterized by high proportions (15.6% or 17.9%) of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.     

Grape berry bacterial microbiota: Impact of the ripening process and the farming system

Wine grapes are a primary source of microbial communities that play a prominent role in the quality of grapes prior to harvesting, as well as in the winemaking process. This study investigated the dynamics and diversity of the epiphytic bacteria on the grape berry surface during maturation. The quantitative and qualitative effects of conventional and organic farming systems on this microbial community were investigated, using both cultivation-dependent and independent approaches. Analyses of grape berry bacterial microbiota revealed changes in the size and structure of the population during the berry ripening process, with levels rising gradually and reaching their highest value when the berries were over ripe. As the season progressed to maturity, Gram-negative bacterial communities (mostly Pseudomonas spp.) declined whereas Gram-positive communities (mostly Micrococcus spp.) increased. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of cultured isolates were analysed and over 44 species were identified from 21 genera in the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes phyla. Copper concentrations originating from phytosanitary treatments varied according to the vineyard and farming system. A negative correlation between copper concentrations and cell densities provided clear evidence that copper inhibited bacterial communities. The bacterial community structure was analysed by targeting the 16S rRNA genes, using PCR-DGGE on cultivable populations and T-RFLP on whole communities in cell suspension. The results suggest that the farming system has a clear impact on the bacterial community structure.     

冷等离子体对果蔬冷库微生物群落的影响

以0 ℃果蔬冷库中的空气为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术分析了冷等离子体处理对果蔬冷库细菌和真菌微生物群落组成与多样性的影响,构建了微生物共生网络。结果表明:冷等离子体循环处理30 d后,冷库空气中细菌和真菌总数量由480 CFU/m3降为了44 CFU/m3,细菌和真菌群落的α多样性也显著降低;主坐标分析和多元方差分析表明处理前后细菌群落和真菌群落的组间差异显著;处理前的优势细菌属为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、从毛单孢菌属（Comamonas）和醋酸杆菌属（Acetobacter）,优势真菌属为复膜孢酵母属（Saccharomycopsis）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）、嗜热子囊菌属（Thermoascus）、Rasamsonia、青霉菌属（Penicillium）、威克汉姆酵母属（Wickerhamomyces）和红菇属（Russula）;处理后醋酸杆菌属（Acetobacter）细菌及上述优势真菌属均显著降低。共生网络分析表明,细菌中Sedimentibacter与其他物种存在强烈的正相关性,复膜孢酵母属、嗜热子囊菌属、Rasamsonia和威克汉姆酵母属为真菌网络中的关键节点,相互之间存在强烈的正相关性。本文研究结果表明,冷等离子体处理可以显著降低果蔬冷库环境中微生物群落多样性,可以有效杀灭植物病原菌及致病菌,在果蔬冷库贮藏中有良好的应用前景。     

Phylogenetic diversity and metabolic potential of activated sludge microbial communities in full-scale wastewater treatment plants

The activated sludge process is an essential process for treating domestic and industrial wastewaters in most wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This process consists of a mixture of general and special microorganisms in a form of a complex enrichment population. Thus, the exploration of activated sludge microbial communities is crucial to improve the performance of activated sludge process. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic potential of activated sludge microbial communities in full-scale WWTPs. Four 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from activated sludge samples. In all samples, Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylogenetic group, followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The dominance of Proteobacteria was further demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Some specific genera, e.g., Nitrosomonas, Thauera, and Dechloromonas, which significantly correlate with the functions and performance of wastewater treatment, were abundant in all samples. A large number of unclassified sequences were found in the library, suggesting that a wide variety of novel species may inhabit complex activated sludge communities. The structures of the bacterial community did not differ significantly among samples. All samples utilized the vast majority of 31 carbon sources of an EcoPlate (Biolog), suggesting that activated sludge microbial communities possess high metabolic potential and equivalent functions required for wastewater treatment.     

Integrated lysis procedures reduce extraction biases of microbial DNA from mangrove sediment

Sufficient lysis of soil or sediment microbes is a critical step for analyzing microbial community structures and for preparing metagenomic DNA libraries. The present study compared lysis methods for recovering archaeal, bacterial, actinomycete, and fungal DNAs from a mangrove sediment sample. PCR results showed that individual procedures using SDS, lysozyme, sonication, freeze-thaw, microwave, and vigorous shaking could extract archaeal or bacterial DNA but failed for actinomycetes or fungi cells. In comparison, an integrated lysis procedure using SDS, lysozyme, and vigorous shaking successfully obtained fungal DNA, and a combination of SDS, lysozyme, vigorous shaking, and microwave treatments recovered DNA from actinomycetes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results showed that although single lysis procedures can lyse bacterial DNA, all of them assessed the indigenous bacterial community structure with significant biases. The integrated lysis protocols described in the present study could be useful for extracting DNA from various types of sediments.     

A survey of the bacterial composition of kurut from Tibet using a culture-independent approach

Kurut (fermented yak milk) made by natural fermentation is a very important dairy food for the local people in Tibet (China). It is important to fully understand the bacterial composition of kurut for quality improvement and industrial production. Because more than 99% of prokaryotes cannot be cultured and identified by methods currently used in taxonomy, we applied a culture-independent approach to explore the microbial biodiversity of this traditional food. In this study, a bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library, including 460 clones, was constructed using total DNA extracted from 30 samples of kurut. After screening by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, 56 operational taxonomic units (OTU) with unique RFLP patterns were obtained. Then, 1 representative sequence of every OTU was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The representative phylotypes were affiliated with 5 groups, including Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and Acetobacter. In addition, nearly one-third of the representative clones (132 clones) had low similarity to species in GenBank (<97%), and these phylotypes were regarded as unknown bacteria. The characteristics of kurut are determined not only by lactic acid bacteria well known by the culture-dependent approach but also by bacteria that have not yet been identified.     

基于高通量测序技术分析朝鲜族传统米酒及其酒曲中微生物群落多样性

以吉林延边朝鲜族地区酒曲及其发酵后粗滤和精滤米酒为研究对象,分别采用Illunina MiSeq、Illunina HiSeq高通量测序平台对朝鲜族传统米酒及其酒曲中细菌16S rDNA V3区和真菌ITST1区进行测序,分析其微生物群落结构多样性。结果表明,本次测序深度有效地覆盖其微生物种类,酒曲及米酒中细菌和真菌有丰富多样性;与酒曲相比,米酒中微生物群落结构存在显著差异,粗滤、精滤米酒间微生物群落结构具有一定相似性。在属水平下,酒曲和米酒样品中共鉴定出147 个细菌物种,酒曲中优势菌种为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）（5.00%）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）（4.28%）,2 种米酒中优势菌均为乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）（粗滤米酒3.72%、精滤米酒7.73%）和肠杆菌属（粗滤米酒6.31%、精滤米酒4.41%）;在种水平下,真菌菌属共鉴定出12 个物种,酒曲中优势菌为普鲁蓝久浩酵母（Guehomyces pullulans）（10.22%）,2 种米酒中优势菌均为酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（粗滤米酒49.48%、精滤米酒81.52%）和伯顿丝孢毕赤酵母（Hyphopichia burtonii）（粗滤米酒29.47%、精滤米酒6.43%）。