高交联木薯淀粉的非糊化特性

以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联木薯淀粉,并测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性．提出高交联非糊化木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的在沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态     

用差示扫描量热法研究高交联非糊化淀粉的物态性质

用差示扫描量热法（DSC技术）对高交联非糊化玉米淀粉和高交联非糊化木薯淀粉，在水分散体系中随温度的升高而发生的物态变化进行了研究，结果表明三氯氧磷高交联变性淀粉，尽管已经失去了糊化的性质而保持颗粒状态，但在相应的原淀粉糊化温度范围内，仍然发生了由多晶态向非晶态的相转变。     

高交联马铃薯淀粉非糊化特性研究

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联马铃薯淀粉的方法，测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线，研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性。提出高交联非糊化马铃薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态。     

三偏磷酸钠高交联马铃薯淀粉非糊化特征研究

研究了以三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联马铃薯淀粉的方法;测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,提出高交联马铃薯淀粉与原淀粉颗粒不同,在沸水中只发生轻微溶胀,呈非糊化颗粒态。     

三偏磷酸钠高交联玉米淀粉非糊化特征研究

研究了以三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联玉米淀粉的方法，测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线，提出高交联玉米淀粉与原淀粉颗粒不同，在沸水只发生轻微溶胀，呈非糊化颗粒态。     

高交联木薯淀粉非晶化特性研究

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联木薯淀粉的制备方法,报告了高交联木薯淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象;同时,采用偏光显微镜和广角Ｘ－射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联木薯淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度有限的膨胀     

乌冬面专用变性淀粉及其结构表征

采用交联―酯化―预糊化复合变性制备乌冬面专用改性淀粉,并与木薯原淀粉、交联淀粉及交联―酯化淀粉进行比较。结果表明,交联淀粉偏光显微及颗粒形貌没发生明显变化,交联变性并未破坏淀粉结晶结构;交联―酯化淀粉颗粒出现粘连和聚集现象,部分颗粒表面出现凹陷和裂纹现象;红外光谱表明,交联―酯化―预糊化复合变性淀粉在1 728 cm–1、1 247 cm–1附近出现新的吸收峰,分子内引入乙酰基团,X–射线衍射光谱显示,交联―酯化―预糊化复合变性淀粉在5.6°和22°处衍射峰强度减弱,A型特征峰加强,结晶类型由"C"型向"A"型转变;交联―酯化淀粉经预糊化处理后,淀粉颗粒膨胀破裂,结晶结构受到彻底破坏,淀粉偏光十字消失,但预糊化处理未破坏淀粉分子化学键。     

三氯氧磷交联马铃薯淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及溶胀机理研究

利用淀粉与三氯氧磷的交联反应 ,通过控制交联反应程度 ,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒的膨胀并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段。本文详细地研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势 ,揭示了交联淀粉颗粒由高交联非糊化到低交联溶胀糊化的膨胀历程及溶胀机理 ,即交联马铃薯淀粉是以颗粒尾端为主的不均衡膨胀。     

三偏磷酸钠交联马铃薯淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及溶胀机理研究

本文利用淀粉与三偏磷酸钠的交联反应，通过控制交联反应程度，成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒地膨胀并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段，详细地研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势，揭示了交联淀粉颗粒由高交联非糊化到低交联溶胀糊化具体地膨胀历程及溶胀机理，即交联马铃薯淀粉是以颗粒尾端为主的不均衡膨胀。     

三氯氧磷交联木薯淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及溶胀机理研究

利用木薯淀粉与三氯氧磷的交联反应,通过控制交联反应程度,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒的膨胀并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段,详细地研究了处在不同溶胀阶段的三氯氧磷交联木薯淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势,揭示了三氯氧磷交联木薯淀粉颗粒的具体的膨胀历程及溶胀机理,即木薯淀粉是“花蕾绽放式”膨胀历程。     

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Cross‐linked Banana Resistant Starch. Effect of Pressure Cooking

A resistant starch (RS)‐rich powder was prepared from phosphate cross‐linked banana starch. Serial autoclaving and cooling treatments of this cross‐linked material were also made. The powders were evaluated for chemical composition, resistant starch content, thermal characteristics, as well as for swelling and solubility properties. The parental cross‐linked starch had similar lipid and protein contents than its autoclaved counterpart, but the ash content decreased after autoclaving, a pattern that is in agreement with the low phosphorus index and degree of substitution recorded in the autoclaved preparation. Although the RS content in the autoclaved cross‐linked product was lower than in the non‐autoclaved starch, the autoclaved product still exhibited a remarkable indigestibility. The peak temperatures of gelatinization were 86.6 and 68.5ºC for cross‐linked and autoclaved cross‐linked starch, respectively. At low temperatures the autoclaved modified starch exhibited greater swelling values than its cross‐linked counterpart. The pattern of solubility values resembled the swelling behavior of both samples. The autoclaved cross‐linked banana starch appears suitable for the formulation of foods requiring none or moderate further heat treatment.     

甘薯交联抗性淀粉热力学性质与消化性研究

根据膨胀度、糊化度及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测得热力学参数,综合分析甘薯交联抗性淀粉和原淀粉热力学性质,并采用Jenkins提出In–vitro模型测定淀粉体外消化性。结果表明:在同一温度下,甘薯交联抗性淀粉膨胀度和糊化度均较原淀粉低,且交联剂用量越高,淀粉膨胀度和糊化度越小;DSC测试结果显示,甘薯交联抗性淀粉相转变温度To、Tp、Tc随交联剂用量增加而升高,Tc–To和△H均比原淀粉低。In–vitro消化模拟实验表明,甘薯交联抗性淀粉消化性比原淀粉低,并随交联剂含量增加,消化产物量减少,消化速度降低。     

Physicochemical and structural characteristics of cross‐linked banana starch using three cross‐linking reagents

Banana starch was cross‐linked using different cross‐linking reagents, phosphoryl chloride (POCl₃), sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), and epichlorohydrin (ECH), under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions were selected to produce similar pasting profiles. The effects of the different cross‐linking reagents on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of cross‐linked starches were evaluated. The microscopy study did not show difference on the surface of the granules. Slight decrease in the peak temperature and enthalpy were found in the cross‐linked banana starch. The chemical groups introduced in the starch molecules by the diverse reagents promoted the re‐association of starch chains during storage. The rheological analysis of all starch dispersion at 10% (flow curves) showed a non‐Newtonian shear‐thinning; pastes obtained were time‐independent, suggesting an important contribution of the continuous phase. Structural study showed that the cross‐linked STMP‐starch had the lowest level of amylose and the ratio short/long amylopectin chains. The three reagents used for cross‐linking presented different action mode on starch granule and its components.     

三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及结构特征

利用淀粉与三偏磷酸钠的交联反应,通过控制交联反应程度,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒膨胀程度并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段,详细研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势,揭示了三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒的膨胀历程及结构特征,即随着淀粉颗粒交联程度的降低,颗粒的膨胀历程由中心脐点处爆裂膨胀方式转化为颗粒整体向外的均匀膨胀方式.     

乌冬面专用改性淀粉制备及其性质研究

该文介绍乌冬面专用改性淀粉制备工艺;并利用Brabender连续粘度计测定木薯原淀粉、木薯交联淀粉、木薯交联酯化淀粉及乌冬面专用改性淀粉的糊粘度曲线;同时对此四种淀粉糊的凝沉性、透明度、冻融稳定性、溶解度和膨胀度进行测定比较,为改性淀粉在乌冬面中应用提供基础。     

Effects of Granule Sizes on Physicochemical Properties of Cross‐linked and Acetylated Wheat Starches

Large and small wheat starch granules were used for cross‐linking and acetylation to determine effects of granule sizes on physicochemical properties of the modified starches. The native and cross‐linked starches from the small granules showed higher phosphorus contents than did those from the large granules. However, the level of phosphate substituents in the modified starches was not significantly different between the large and small granules under the same conditions. In contrast, the large granules had a higher reactivity with acetic anhydride than did the small granules. The phosphate group cross‐linked starch (CS), acetylated starch (AS) and acetylated cross‐linked starch (ACS) from the large granules had lower gelatinization temperatures and higher enthalpies than those from the small granules. The paste viscosities of the CSs from the large granules decreased rapidly, whereas those of the AS or ACS increased significantly as compared with those from the small granules. The pastes of cross‐linked starches from the small granules were more stable than those from the large granules, whereas the pastes of AS and ACS from the large and small granules had similar resistance to freeze‐thaw treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed that the small granules were less damaged after modification than the large ones. Thus, the different granule sizes resulted in different physicochemical properties of starch after modification.     

糯玉米交联淀粉的制备及性质研究

本文采用混合酸酐交联法，用糯玉米淀粉制备糯玉米交联淀粉，并着重研究了糯玉米交联淀粉的性质如交联度、冻融稳定性、膨胀度、透明度和凝沉性。试验表明：通过交联作用制成的糯玉米交联淀粉，大大改进了原淀粉的性能。具有交联度高（沉降积为0．75mL）、冻融稳定性好（析水率最低为56．3％）、抗凝沉性强（凝沉性最弱）和具有一定膨胀力（膨胀度低于原淀粉但高于其它变性淀粉）和透明度（透光率比糯玉米淀粉低，但较其它淀粉而言仍具有较高的透光率，说明糯玉米交联淀粉具有较高的透明度）。     

两种酯化变性淀粉用于无明矾粉丝的制作研究

以木薯磷酸酯交联淀粉和木薯辛烯基琥珀酸酯淀粉为原料,采用复配的方法制备了一种复合变性淀粉,用于制作无明矾粉丝.考察了不同酯化程度以及不同的复配比例对粉丝品质的影响.结果表明:沉降积为5.7和0.9的两种磷酸酯交联淀粉和取代度(DS)为0.017的辛烯基琥珀酸酯淀粉十分适合于无明矾粉丝的制作,将这三种变性淀粉按5∶3∶2的比例混合复配后用于粉丝制作,并进行综合评价.结果表明,所制作的粉丝在各个评价指标方面均为良好,综合评分可达12分.     

Physicochemical Properties of Non‐thermally Cross‐linked Corn Starch with Phosphorus Oxychloride using Ultra High Pressure (UHP)

Corn starch (20%, w/w) was non‐thermally and conventionally cross‐linked with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃; 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1%, based on dry weight of starch) at 400 MPa for 5, 15 and 30 min and at 45°C for 2 h, respectively. Swelling power and solubility of both non‐thermally and conventionally cross‐linked corn starches were relatively lower than those of native corn starch. The pressure holding time did not affect the solubility and swelling power of non‐thermally cross‐linked corn starches. X‐ray diffraction patterns and relative crystallinity were not significantly altered by both conventional and non‐thermal cross‐linking. DSC thermal characteristics of both non‐thermally and conventionally cross‐linked corn starches were not significantly changed indicating that the double helical structure of amylopectin was not influenced by both conventional and non‐thermal cross‐linking reactions. Both non‐thermal and conventional cross‐linking greatly affected the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) pasting properties, such as increase in pasting temperature and decrease in peak viscosity compared to native starch. This result suggests that in case of cross‐linking using POCl₃, both non‐thermal and conventional methods result in similar physicochemical properties and non‐thermal cross‐linking with POCl₃ can reduce the reaction time from 2 h to 15 min. This work shows the potential and possibility of non‐thermal starch modification and provides the basic and scientific information on the physicochemical properties of non‐thermally cross‐linked corn starches with phosphorus oxychloride using UHP.