米糠多糖硫酸酯化工艺的研究

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法合成硫酸酯化米糠多糖,以取代度为指标,采用正交设计对硫酸酯化试剂比例,反应温度以及反应时间进行优化,通过傅立叶红外光谱分析酯化前后的结构。结果表明,米糠多糖硫酸酯化修饰的最佳条件为:氯磺酸和吡啶的体积比为1∶4,反应温度70℃,反应时间2 h,取代度达到1.29。红外光谱表明,硫酸酯化后的米糠多糖具有硫酸酯键的特征吸收峰。     

硫酸酯化修饰米糠多糖研究

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法合成硫酸酯化米糠多糖,以取代度为指标,采用正交设计时硫酸酯化试剂比例、反应温度以及反应时间进行优化,通过傅立叶红外光谱分析酯化前后的结构.结果表明,米糠多糖硫酸酯化修饰的最佳条件为:氯磺酸和吡啶的比例为1:4,反应温度70℃,反应时间2h,取代度达到1.29.红外光谱表明,硫酸酯化后的米糠多糖具有硫酸酯键的特征吸收峰.此方法优化米糠多糖的工艺方便可行,为硫酸酯化米糠多糖的进一步研究打下坚实的基础.     

豆渣多糖硫酸酯化工艺条件优化及其抗氧化活性

以豆渣为原料采用氯磺酸-吡啶法制备硫酸酯化豆渣多糖。以取代度为指标,采用单因素及正交试验对硫酸化试剂比例、硫酸酯化试剂与多糖溶液比例、反应温度及反应时间进行优化;采用邻二氮菲-H2O2法及比色法研究硫酸化豆渣多糖对羟基自由基及DPPH.的清除作用。结果表明,最佳酯化条件为:酯化试剂比例(氯磺酸:吡啶)1∶3,酯化试剂:多糖溶液(体积比)4∶3,反应温度80℃,反应时间2.5 h。在此条件下,豆渣多糖取代度达到2.15。硫酸酯化豆渣多糖对羟基自由基及DPPH.的清除作用比未酯化前豆渣多糖有明显的提高。     

硫酸酯化修饰葛仙米多糖工艺研究

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法合成硫酸酯化葛仙米多糖,利用正交设计对酯化试剂比例、反应温度及反应时间进行优化。通过傅里叶红外光谱分析酯化前后的结构差异,氯化钡-明胶比浊法测定取代度,并分析红外光谱法与取代度之间的相关性。结果表明:葛仙米多糖硫酸酯化修饰的最佳条件为V(氯磺酸)与V(吡啶)比例1:4、反应温度70℃、反应时间6h,此条件下取代度达到1.042;红外光谱分析表明,硫酸酯化后的葛仙米多糖具有硫酸酯键的特征吸收峰,其吸光度比值A1261/A1418与化学方法所测得的硫酸酯化取代度的相关系数达到0.974。红外光谱不仅可以表征硫酸酯化多糖的结构差异,还可定量硫酸基的取代度。     

刺槐豆多糖的硫酸酯化工艺优选

以刺槐豆多糖为材料,利用氯磺酸-吡啶法对其进行硫酸酯化,考察氯磺酸-吡啶不同配比、不同反应温度和反应时间对其影响,红外光谱分析硫酸根取代情况,对酯化产物进行热重分析。结果表明,刺槐豆多糖硫酸酯的最佳合成条件为氯磺酸：吡啶比例为1：6,反应温度为94℃,反应时间为2h。热重分析表明：与纯多糖比较,硫酸化的多糖热稳定性稍有降低,可能是由于引入了硫酸根对分子结构产生影响。     

玉米皮多糖硫酸酯化工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法制备硫酸酯化玉米皮多糖(SAPCP)。以取代度为指标,采用单因素及正交试验对制备SAPCP的硫酸酯化条件进行优化;采用邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法研究SAPCP对羟基自由基的清除作用。试验结果表明,最佳硫酸酯化条件为:酯化试剂比例(氯磺酸∶吡啶)1∶3,酯化试剂∶多糖溶液(体积比)4∶4,反应温度70℃,反应时间3 h。在此条件下,SAPCP取代度达到2.85。硫酸酯化玉米皮多糖对羟基自由基的清除作用比未酯化前玉米皮多糖(APCP)有明显的提高。     

猕猴桃果水溶性多糖硫酸酯的制备

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法合成猕猴桃果水溶性多糖硫酸酯,以取代度为指标,采用L9(34)正交设计对试剂比例、反应温度和反应时间进行优选。结果表明:吡啶和氯磺酸比例2∶1、反应温度45℃、反应时间为4h为比较适宜的工艺条件。     

正交试验优化猕猴桃果水溶性多糖硫酸酯化条件的研究

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法合成猕猴桃果水溶性多糖硫酸酯，以取代度为指标，采用L9（3^4）正交设计对试剂比例、反应温度和反应时间进行优选。结果表明：吡啶和氯磺酸比例2：1，反应温度45℃，反应时间为3h为比较适宜的工艺条件。     

油茶籽粕多糖的硫酸酯化修饰及其降血糖活性研究

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法将油茶籽粕多糖(COP)修饰成硫酸酯化油茶籽粕多糖(S-COP),以取代度为指标，研究硫酸酯化多糖的最佳工艺，并对比分析COP和S-COP的降血糖活性。结果表明：最佳工艺为氯磺酸与吡啶体积比1∶4、反应温度60℃、反应时间3 h,最高取代度为1.235,COP与硫酸基成功形成了稳定的硫酸酯化合物；硫酸酯化修饰可明显改善其在水溶液中的溶解性；COP和S-COP对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性均具有良好的抑制作用，抑制能力其质量浓度呈正相关，且S-COP的抑制效果更好。     

硫酸酯化花多糖的制备及降血糖活性的研究

目的对茶多糖(TPS)进行硫酸酯化分子修饰,并研究其降血糖活性。方法用氯磺酸-吡啶法对茶多糖进行硫酸酯化修饰,得到硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)；采用四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠造成糖尿病模型,用茶多糖(TPS)和硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)对造模后的糖尿病小鼠分别进行分组灌胃,对其降血糖活性进行比较。结果茶多糖(TPS)和硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)均能降低小鼠血糖水平,而硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)的降血糖效果更为明显。结论茶多糖经过硫酸酯化以后能进一步提高其降血糖生物活性。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.