生姜姜辣素提取工艺的研究进展

简要介绍了生姜姜辣素的在各方面的应用，综述了近年来姜辣素提取工艺的研究进展，着重讨论了提取工艺的研究热点及存在的问题，并探讨了其今后的发展趋势。     

生姜中姜辣素的提取与功能研究进展

生姜作为我国膳食营养类草本植物,在很多领域中得到应用。姜辣素是从多种生姜中提取的一种姜素单体。姜辣素具有多种生理活性,如抗氧化、抑菌以及防腐等。姜辣素对人体口腔和人体胃肠的黏膜都具有很强刺激性作用,同时能够提高人们的食欲。该文从姜辣素的生物概述、姜辣素提取前的预处理、提取方法等方面展开叙述,以期对姜辣素的发展提供有价值的参考。     

评估生姜及其不同炮制品中姜辣素和其抗氧化活性

姜具有丰富的食品和药用价值,生姜及其炮制品中主要的生物活性成分是姜辣素,且生物活性作用十分显著,具有广阔的开发前景。试验应用二极管阵列高效液相色谱法对生姜及其不同炮制品中姜辣素物质进行了定性和定量分析,采用逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)评估不同姜的炮制品的姜辣素类物质。并通过DPPH、ABTS、羟基自由基的清除活性以及还原力和抑制脂质过氧化的能力五个指标来评估其抗氧化能力。结果表明,TOPSIS分析表明生姜及其不同炮制品中的不同姜辣素的功能评估有所不同。不同炮制品之间姜辣素类物质和抗氧化能力存在差异,相关分析表明,姜辣素是生姜及其不同炮制品中抗氧化活性的主要成分。     

生姜营养价值及药理作用研究进展

生姜作为卫生部首批公布的药食兼用植物资源在国内大面积种植,在食品、医药、化妆品等多个行业有广泛应用。生姜主要含姜精油、姜辣素、多糖及黄酮类化合物等化学成分,具有杀菌抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖、改善心脑血管系统、保肝利胆等作用。近年来,生姜的营养价值及功能作用受到关注,对生姜开展更加深入的研究,因此综述生姜生物学特征、化学成分、生物活性及其药理作用研究进展,以期为生姜的深入开发利用提供理论依据。     

生姜现代药理学特性研究进展

生姜是一种常见且广泛使用的中国传统中草药,它富含多种化学成分,包括酚类化合物、萜烯类、纤维素、糖类等,而生姜益于健康的主要原因在于其存在的姜辣素、姜黄素、姜精油等多种生物活性成分。许多年来,不少研究者挖掘了生姜的现代药理学特性,无论是对人体的抗癌、抗炎、增强免疫力、降脂降糖,还是作为化学物质的抑菌、抗氧化等,都表明生姜具有重要的营养价值和医药功效。本文针对姜中姜辣素、姜黄素、姜精油、姜多糖的抗肿瘤、降脂降糖、抗氧化、抑菌等现代药理学特性的研究进展进行了梳理和总结,并讨论了相关的作用机制,明确了生姜作为一种药食两用植物的主要功效成分和研究热点,以期为生姜产品的深入研发和疾病预防的潜力挖掘提供必要的理论知识基础。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取生姜姜辣素的抗氧化活性研究

本实验用超临界CO2流体萃取的方法从生姜中提取姜辣素,通过三种不同的自由基体系和小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞模型研究了生姜姜辣素的抗氧化活性。超临界CO2流体萃取制得的生姜油中姜辣素的含量为263.42mg/g。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,与维生素C相比,生姜姜辣素同样具有较强的抗氧化能力。同时,细胞实验说明,生姜姜辣素能够抑制小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞的生长。从形态学观察,随着姜辣素浓度的升高,对小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞的生长抑制情况越明显;MTT实验中,随着姜辣素浓度的升高和时间的延长,其对小鼠B16黑色素细胞的抑制作用越大;流式细胞仪检测浓度为50μg/m L的生姜姜辣素可使小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞产生凋亡。     

生姜风味物质研究进展

系统地阐述了3种生姜风味提取物———姜精油、姜辣素和油树脂的组成及特性;对生姜风味物质的构成,对影响生姜风味的几个因素———γ射线辐照、干燥、酶、提取溶剂、产地等进行了综述     

多种生姜有效成分联合提取工艺

为了研究生姜中有效成分姜辣素、姜黄素以及生姜蛋白酶同步提取的方法,文中使用乙醇溶剂法结合旋蒸确定了生姜中3种有效成分同步提取的工艺条件,即生姜与无水乙醇料液比1∶3(g∶mL),生姜蛋白酶提取中缓冲液pH值为6.5,冰浴时间7 h;姜辣素、姜黄素旋转蒸发最佳温度为60℃,转速为16 r/min。在此优化条件下,生姜中姜辣素、姜黄素的提取率分别为0.3143%、0.3889%;生姜蛋白酶的得率为1.376%,比活力达到4 465 U/mg。此工艺能够同步提取姜辣素、姜黄素以及生姜蛋白酶3种有效成分,减少了原材料的消耗,降低生产成本,更适合产业化生产。     

双水相萃取生姜中姜油树脂的研究

以β-环糊精、碳酸钠、氯化钠作为双水相萃取剂,构成双水相萃取体系,进行萃取生姜中姜油树脂的研究.结果显示,溶液分相清晰,姜油树脂的代表成分姜辣素的分配系数在0.21-0.32,姜辣素的萃取率可达71.6%.β-环糊精是萃取相的主要组成成分,碱和盐有助于提高姜辣素在萃取相中的分配比例并提高萃取率.β-环糊精为主要材料构成的双水相萃取系统萃取生姜中姜油树脂的技术可行,工艺的实用性强.     

生姜风味物质及其应用

该文简介生姜风味物质构成,阐述四种生姜风味提取物―姜精油、姜辣素、姜油树脂、姜酚组成及特性;最后介绍姜精油和姜油树脂保健功能及其应用,为生姜应用开发提供一些参考资料。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.