几种动物毛纤维的结构与性能研究

介绍了绵羊毛、羊驼毛、马海毛三种动物毛纤维的微细结构特征,并对三者的强伸性能、卷曲性能、摩擦性能进行了测试比较。结果表明:羊驼毛和马海毛的鳞片薄而紧密,但羊驼毛有间断或通体宽大的髓腔,其鳞片不及马海毛和绵羊毛清晰可见;马海毛和羊驼毛初始模量大,强力高,卷曲少,摩擦因数小,缩绒性较差,纺纱加工困难,但其制品具有优良的弹性、抗皱性和尺寸稳定性。     

羊毛纤维牵切对其性能的影响

对棉型毛针织面料的纤维长度、细度、卷曲、拉伸性能、表面结构及摩擦性能等进行测试分析。棉型毛纤维经过牵切后长度较毛型毛纤维短,细度较小,表面鳞片结构紧凑,纤维的卷曲数增多,使得面料在受到外力摩擦时其表面外露的纤维更容易纠缠。而纠缠成团的毛球由于相互间的锁结能力及牵切过程中强度的改善而附在面料表面难以掉落,在外力作用的条件下,面料表面形成毛球的速度大于毛球脱落的速度,因此,棉型毛针织面料抗起毛起球性能较差。     

羊驼毛(阿尔帕卡毛)物理机械性能测试与分析

对比了国内常用的 3种进口羊驼毛———苏力羊驼毛、Baby羊驼毛、42 0 4羊驼毛的细微结构 ,对细度、长度、卷曲、强力和伸长、摩擦和缩绒性及比重等性能进行了综合测试 ,并将 3种羊驼毛的各项性能与 6 4支澳毛进行了分析比较。     

拉细羊驼毛的结构形态与性能研究

以4种不同定型方法得到的拉细羊驼毛为对象,研究其鳞片结构形态及细度、强伸性、摩擦性能及热水收缩率。研究表明：拉细羊驼毛表面鳞片或翘起,或撕裂,或脱落,或腐蚀。其摩擦效应下降,在摩擦性能上是优化的。拉细羊驼毛直径减小了5～7μm,为开发高支轻薄面料创造了条件。拉细羊驼毛的强伸性下降,热水收缩率随温度的升高而增大。因此,在实际生产加工中要注意掌握低温轻柔原则。     

拉细羊驼毛的结构形态与性能研究

为给开发高支轻薄面料创造条件,以4种不同定形方法得到的拉细羊驼毛为对象,研究其鳞片结构形态及细度、强伸性能、摩擦性能及热水收缩率。研究表明：拉细羊驼毛表面鳞片或翘起,或撕裂,或脱落,或腐蚀;其摩擦效应下降,在摩擦性能上是优化的;拉细羊驼毛直径减小了5～7μm,拉细羊驼毛的强伸性下降,热水收缩率随温度的升高而增大,在实际生产加工中要注意掌握低温轻柔原则。     

负鼠毛的形态结构

采用卷曲弹性仪测试了负鼠毛纤维的卷曲特性,表明负鼠毛纤维较短,纤维卷曲数比山羊绒多,但纤维的弹性回复率不如山羊绒.用扫描电子显微镜观察了负鼠毛纤维表面的鳞片形态,在与细羊毛和山羊绒纤维比较的基础上对负鼠毛纤维的鳞片结构进行了分析.结果表明:负鼠毛纤维表面鳞片形状主要由锯齿状、环状、瓣状、瓦片状组成.由于负鼠毛纤维的中空结构使纤维在光学显微镜下透光性较好.     

羊驼毛纤维性能的测试研究

研究了羊驼毛纤维的形态结构,并对羊驼毛的细度、长度、强力和伸长、摩擦性能进行了测试分析.     

兔毛纤维的落毛机制分析

为了探究兔毛产品落毛问题的原因,分别对兔毛纤维形态结构和可纺性能指标进行了测试分析,并与羊绒纤维进行比较,发现兔毛纤维表面紧密的鳞片层和内部含量较高的髓质层是兔毛纤维易落的主要原因,通过纤维可纺性能测试发现兔毛纤维的长度和细度与羊绒纤维相当,但细度不匀率较大,而兔毛纤维的卷曲性能、拉伸性能和摩擦性能均不如羊绒纤维,兔毛纤维的这些性能导致了兔毛产品落毛率较高。     

蛋白酶改性羊驼毛的强伸和摩擦性能研究

采用双氧水预处理与Wolsen酸性蛋白酶相结合的方法对羊驼毛进行减量细化,主要探讨了减量细化后羊驼毛的强伸性能和表面摩擦性能,并着重分析了羊驼毛经减量细化后减量率、逆鳞片摩擦系数、顺鳞片摩擦系数等与蛋白酶处理条件的关系,最后得到羊驼毛的强度保持率与减量率的线性拟合关系和回归方程.     

北极狐绒毛纤维的缩绒性测试分析

对北极狐绒毛、超细绵羊毛和山羊绒的缩绒性能进行了测试,从毛纤维表面性能、摩擦系数、细度、卷曲形态等方面进行了对比分析,结果表明鳞片翘角大、细度细、卷曲波幅较高的北极狐绒毛具有良好的缩绒性能.     

纤维及其制品摩擦性能测试方法的研究进展

为有效解决纤维及其制品在生产过程中的摩擦问题,提升产品综合性能,对现阶段纤维及其制品生产及使用过程中因摩擦引起的常见缺陷、摩擦性能研究背景及研究价值进行了介绍。阐述了点接触型、线接触型和面接触型纤维及其制品摩擦性能测试方法,分析了不同研究方法的特点、适用范围及其最新进展,并对纤维摩擦性能部分研究成果进行总结。分析认为：纤维及其制品的摩擦性能研究涉及多学科交叉,需加强纤维及其制品微观接触模型及摩擦性能表征方式、与纺织工艺相匹配的测试方法及测试精度提升等方面研究,同时需要纺织、机械、材料和数学等学科人才团队协同创新来推动纤维及其制品摩擦性能的研究进展。     

4—FRICTIONAL AND FELTING PROPERTIES OF WOOL FIBRES TREATED WITH BENZOQUINONE

The effects of benzoquinone treatment on the frictional properties of wool fibres against a variety of surfaces are reported. The principal variations observed are explained in terms of ‘ploughing’ effects by scale tips and support the theory that the shrinkproofing properties of benzoquinone are not attributable to changes in frictional properties. The loose-wool-felting behaviour of short fibres emphasizes the importance of fibre-bending in felting and suggests that modification of this latter property may be the manner by which benzoquinone produces shrinkproofing effects.     

Assessing friction in silk-like finished polyester fabrics

The influence of the silk-like finishing process on the frictional properties of polyester fabrics was examined by assessing fibre-to-metal friction through parameter R in a 100% polyester woven fabric processed under variable conditions of NaOH concentration and vaporization time. The alkali concentration influenced static and dynamic friction in the fabric, whereas the vaporization time only affected static friction. Process variables can be used to predict the frictional performance of silk-like finished fabrics via parameter R for dynamic friction. Fabric weight loss by effect of the silk-like finishing treatment influences the coefficient of fibre-to-metal friction. Industrially, the silk-line finishing process is typically monitored through weight loss in the finished fabric. As shown here, however, it can also be monitored by assessing changes in fabric surface via the dynamic friction parameter R.     

Objective evaluation of terry fabric hand

The subjective evaluation of fabric hand restricts the scientific understanding of the fabric properties and also limits the application of designing engineering principles to develop high-quality fabrics. Hence, an objective hand evaluation system for terry fabric has been devised in this research work. The sensor of KES-FB4 instrument, used for measuring frictional properties, was modified and the results were used for the development of new hand equations. Four primary hand equations and one total hand equation have been developed using low-stress mechanical properties of terry fabric. It is observed that fabric weight and thickness, compression and surface properties can predict the hand behavior of terry fabric very well. The objective hand values calculated by the newly developed hand equations correlate very well with the subjective hand values.     

用圆盘法测试织物表面摩擦性能的研究

设计了一种圆盘法来检测织物的表面摩擦性能,样品采用圆周运动方式,得到的摩擦曲线图很好地反映了织物的各向异性特征;经小波变换处理后,实验结果与KES实验情况有很好的相关性。     

Evaluating the surface characteristics of fibres by compression method

During the recent years, there have been significant developments in methods and philosophies of fibre testing. While it is possible to measure the most of the properties of fibres, there are no standard test techniques for assessing the surface properties of fibres. This research aimed at establishing a technique, which can be routinely used to determine the frictional characteristics of textile fibres. The intention was to assess the frictional characteristics from measurements carried out on fibre ‘bundles’ rather than individual fibres since this should lead to information that is more meaningful in the prediction of processing performance and quality. The technique adapted is based on a sensitive compression test. Developing a technique for assessing the stick-slip characteristics of fibres can be used by cotton suppliers and spinners to provide data that can be used to optimise bale selection and to indicate fibres that may present processing difficulties. This will result in possible improvements in yarn and fabric quality at relatively low cost of fibre testing.     

桥梁缆索用热镀锌钢丝松弛性能与扭转性能的关系

介绍悬索桥和斜拉桥长大化的历史。为延长桥梁主缆、吊索和斜拉索的使用寿命,缆索用热镀锌钢丝必须具备优良的耐疲劳性、耐腐蚀性、低松弛性,以及即使局部发生扭转也不会破损的良好扭转性能。给出低扭转钢丝的定义,针对热镀锌钢丝能否同时具备良好扭转性能和低松弛性能进行调查,并通过试验进行验证,结果表明:如果热镀锌后钢丝的扭转性能良好,经过适当的稳定化处理(低松弛或普通松弛热稳定化处理)后,钢丝的扭转性能与松弛性能无关。     

Strength and Frictional Properties of Popcorn Kernel as Affected by Moisture Content

Strength properties and dynamic coefficient of friction of popcorn kernels were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 7.78–16.72 g/100 g dry solids. In order to determine strength properties of the kernels that are in terms of deformation at rupture point, rupture force, energy absorbed, hardness, and toughness of the popcorn kernels were quasi-statically loaded between two parallel plates. To determine frictional properties, friction tests were performed on aluminum, steel, and fiberglass surfaces. The values related to the strength properties, in general, decreased as the moisture content increased. On the other hand, the dynamic coefficient of friction of the popcorn kernels increased with increasing moisture content.     

Friction characteristics of fabrics in the presence of air

High frictional force between the skin and the air bag greatly influences the scratch damage to human skin when an air bag inflates and rubs against the skin. The coefficient of friction should therefore be reduced. In this study, we propose a new method to reduce frictional force by producing air lubrication between an air bag made of a non‐coated fabric and the human skin. Air was generated, and an experimental device that could measure frictional force was produced. The frictional force of the air bag with air was measured, and the effectiveness and efficiency were confirmed. In the presence of air, the friction disk materials, fabric materials, and fabric structure do not influence the frictional force and coefficient of friction. Instead, the coefficient of friction is influenced by air mass flow passing through the fabric.     

Resolution of the Stick-slip Friction Traces of Fabrics

Some new frictional parameters of fabrics determined by the trace analysis of their stick-slip friction property is reported. Both scouring and mercerization processes induce structural consolidation which in turn can increase the frictional resistance, number, amplitudes of the stick-slip, and the differential frictional forces of the fabrics. This result is ascribed to an increase in the crimp propensity of yarns. The magnitudes of the frictional parameters of weft pile fabrics are correlated with the numerical estimates of the tactile stimuli of their surface roughness. A good linear relation exists between the values of objective and subjective roughness of fabrics on a logarithmic scale.