预处理玉米秸秆发酵生产燃料酒精的研究

本文利用正交试验对玉米秸秆发酵生产燃料酒精的条件进行了摇瓶试验。试验发现,采用管囊酵母SQY-001与 酿酒酵母SQY-002混合菌种发酵生产酒精的最适条件为发酵温度36℃,发酵周期为72h,转速为80～100r/min,纤维素酶用量为 40IU/g底物,管囊酵母与酿酒酵母的接种比例为2:1,并在此条件下得到酒精产率为0.148g/g。     

甜高粱汁发酵酒精培养基的优化研究

该文优化了甜高粱汁发酵生产酒精的培养基。通过正交试验的方法对发酵过程的氮源及营养盐进行优化。结果显示,甜高粱发酵生产酒精的最优条件为:硫酸铵为6.0g/L、氯化钙为10.0g/L、硫酸镁为10.0g/L、磷酸二氢钾为0.3g/L。在此培养基条件下对发酵温度进行了优化,试验结果显示,发酵温度32℃的发酵效果最好,在此条件下,发酵成熟醪酒分可达12.94%vol。     

预处理玉米秸秆发酵生产燃料酒精的研究

本文利用正交试验对玉米秸秆发酵生产燃料酒精的条件进行了摇瓶试验。试验发现，采用管囊酵母SQY－001与酿酒酵母SQY－002混合菌种发酵生产酒精的最适条件为发酵温度36℃，发酵周期为72h，转速为80－100r/min，纤维素酶用量为40IU／g底物，管囊酵母与酿酒酵母的接种比例为2：1，并在此条件下得到酒精产率为0．148g/g。     

菠萝皮渣生产酒精关键工艺研究

对影响菠萝皮渣发酵生产酒精的工艺过程及其关键工艺参数进行了研究。通过单因素试验初步确定了菠萝皮渣酒精发酵的工艺条件,然后通过正交试验进一步优化了工艺参数和工艺过程。结果表明:发酵温度33℃、酵母用量5 g/100g、发酵时间3 d为菠萝皮渣酒精发酵生产酒精的最优工艺条件。     

纤维废弃物发酵生产酒精的工艺研究

以纤维废弃物为原料,采用纤维素酶降解糖化发酵生产酒精.结果表明:甘蔗渣经1.0%稀硫酸121℃保温2 h预处理后,采用40 U/g纤维素酶,50℃,pH=5.0,酶解120 min,得糖率为36.8%.由正交试验分析可知,用酿酒酵母发酵生产酒精的最佳条件为:发酵时间72 h,发酵温度为28℃,酵母接种量1.00%,在此条件下,酒精产率为15.31 g/g;4个因素对酒精产率的影响,其重要性顺序依次为发酵时间>发酵温度>酵母接种量>纤维素酶用量.     

利用生产大豆浓缩蛋白副产物发酵酒精的研究

该文利用大豆糖蜜发酵制备酒精,研究了发酵时间、发酵温度、糖蜜浓度、接种量、pH对发酵酒精的影响,并通过正交试验对糖蜜发酵生产酒精工艺条件进行优化,确定其最佳发酵条件为:糖蜜浓度55g/L,发酵温度32℃,发酵时间72h,接种量9％,pH5.0.在最佳条件下,大豆糖蜜发酵酒精得到的酒精度为7.3％vol.     

橡实淀粉生料发酵生产燃料酒精工艺研究

对以橡实淀粉为原料生料发酵生产燃料酒精的工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明:采用超声波助提法可有效脱除单宁,提高橡实淀粉的燃料酒精转化率。单因素试验和正交试验得出的橡实淀粉生料发酵最佳工艺参数为料水比16∶10,α-淀粉酶50 U/g,糖化酶190 U/g,发酵温度25℃,发酵时间7 d。     

残次山楂果脯酒精发酵工艺的研究

选用果脯厂生产山楂果脯的残次脯作为原料,对其进行果胶酶酶解和酒精发酵工艺参数研究,在单因素试验的基础上,以L(934)正交试验确定果胶酶酶解的最佳工艺条件为果胶酶添加量为8mL/kg,酶解时间为1.5h,酶解温度为55℃,酶解完成后还原糖含量提高了39.55g/L可达到167.28g/L,酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件为接种量为7%,发酵时间为7d,发酵温度为30℃,发酵完成后酒精度可达到8.9%vol,残糖量为4.3g/L。     

全液态发酵红曲米醋工艺的研究

以大米为原料,利用液态深层发酵制醋设备生产液态红曲米醋。工艺上采用了大米粉碎浓醪调浆、α-淀粉酶高温液化、红曲糖化、液态纯种酒精发酵及液态纯种醋酸发酵技术。在单因素试验的基础上,分别采用正交试验L_9(3~4)和正交试验L_9(3~3),确定了红曲米酒最佳工艺条件:料水比1∶2.0,红曲添加量12%,酒精发酵温度28℃,发酵时间9天;醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件:初始发酵酸度4.5g/dL,初始发酵酒精度4.0%(V/V),发酵温度32℃。在上述工艺条件下,生产的红曲米醋呈红棕色,有光泽,具有红曲米醋特有的香气,体态澄清,发酵总酸8.0~8.5g/dL,氨基酸态氮达到0.388g/L,不挥发酸达到0.589g/L。     

白萝卜汁酒精发酵饮料的研制

试验以白萝卜汁为原料,酵母菌为菌种,采用单因素试验研究初始糖度、发酵温度、发酵时间和接种量对白萝卜汁酒精发酵饮料的影响,采用正交试验设计,通过测定酒精含量并对其进行感官评定,优化发酵工艺条件。试验结果表明:以初始糖度加入量10%、发酵温度35℃、发酵时间3 d、接种量10~6个/mL为最优条件,饮料的酒精含量为1.9 g/L,为发酵白萝卜汁的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.