羧酸基型阻垢剂在纺织厂空调喷淋水系统中的性能研究

针对纺织厂喷淋水的水质特点,自主合成羧酸基型阻垢剂,并研究其在纺织厂空调喷淋水系统的实际性能。采用电镜扫描和模拟喷淋水系统的方法,发现该阻垢剂有较大的比表面积,在与垢体发生碰撞时能够进行较好的物理化学吸附,阻碍垢体的形成;当投加的阻垢剂质量浓度为5 mg/L时,其动态性能达到最佳,随着运行时间增长,喷淋水的水质总硬度有所上升,后趋于稳定,钙硬度先上升后小幅下降,总碱度、电导率在运行初期,呈现急剧上升趋势,后较稳定,pH值随运行时间上下起伏;对比常用的yc2655型阻垢剂,该阻垢剂能有效控制喷淋水的总碱度和电导率,避免发生腐蚀。     

磁阻垢与聚羧酸类阻垢剂在纺织厂空调循环水系统中的应用效果

针对纺织厂空调循环水系统结垢严重的问题,基于磁阻垢技术和投加阻垢剂,通过垢样分析发现磁化处理是通过改变晶型让形成的钙垢沉积性能下降,而阻垢剂是通过破坏晶体生长来抑制钙垢量;通过静态实验发现,这两种方法对于循环时间较短浓缩倍数较低的水样抑垢效果较好,在PC2566型、YC2655型、YL505型聚羧酸类阻垢剂中,YC2655型阻垢剂抑垢效果最佳,对于已经循环一个月的循环水,磁阻垢比投加聚羧酸类阻垢剂抑垢率更高,其抑垢率高达96%;由于电导率和pH能够反应结垢倾向,电导率和pH越小,水样结垢倾向也就越小,因此通过检测对比分析未经处理的水样以及经两种方法处理后水样的电导率、pH随时间变化的规律,发现磁化处理比投加阻垢剂处理的抑垢效果更好且更稳定。最终得出磁化处理比投加聚羧酸类阻垢剂能更好地解决纺织厂空调循环水系统结垢问题。     

纺织空调喷淋水系统的水质及阻垢性能研究

阐述了目前纺织厂喷淋水系统的运行现状,着重对西安和咸阳纺织厂喷淋水水质进行硬度测定,发现咸阳的自来水硬度要高于西安。随着系统不断运行,两地喷淋水的硬度产生了极大的差异,咸阳的喷淋水硬度远高于西安,出现了严重的结垢现象。提出了使用羧酸基型阻垢剂的方法改善纺织厂喷淋水水质的措施,并测定了其阻垢性能。分析发现:羧酸基型阻垢剂对碳酸钙的阻垢率可达97.6%。在此基础上对喷淋系统进行改造,引入羧酸基型阻垢装置,在保证喷淋水系统安全稳定运行的同时,可有效缓解喷淋水的结垢现象,以解决纺织企业因水垢沉积而造成的运行管理困难的问题。     

纺织空调双喷淋室应用及节能分析

探讨在细纱车间采用加装辅助喷淋室的双喷淋室空气处理方法,以增加空调效果,降低车间温度。理论分析和计算可知,在夏季采用辅助喷淋室对细纱、集聚纺等车间高温工艺排风进行预处理后再回用,可比直接回用和外排降低空调处理过程制冷量38%～40%。通过实例检测,在采用相同供水温度和供水量的情况下,采用双喷淋室处理空气,利用主空调室的排水在辅助喷淋室处理工艺排风,可以降低主空调室送风露点温度3℃以上,降低车间温度2.5℃～3℃,并可减少深井水用量15%。认为:节能降温效果明显。     

新型纺织空调喷淋室的设计与应用

探讨新型纺织空调喷淋室的设计及应用效果.通过分析目前常用喷淋室的结构及缺陷,设计了新型纺织空调喷淋室.新型纺织空调喷淋室由两排至五排喷淋排管构成,并按照一定方式组合使用.通过喷淋室高密度水雾横喷、逆喷等方法,可以提高空气与水热湿交换效率及空气质量.以五排喷淋排管喷淋室为例对比说明:五排喷淋排管喷淋室能够实现冷却、加湿等多种功能,同时高效环保,是一种理想的纺织空调喷淋室.     

空调供水系统节水改造的几项措施

我公司现有空调室24个,空调供水系统是将深井水利用水泵供入1 000 m~3大型循环水池,再用22 kW IS150-125-350A型循环水泵加压,分别供入空调室作为空调补充水,多余的水经空调室溢流口进入空调回水管道,再进入循环水池.该供水系统存在以下问题:     

纺织厂空调室布置对节能效果的影响

探讨纺织厂空调室布置对节能效果的影响。以某纺织厂细纱车间空调室为例,采用实际测试的方法,发现该细纱车间仿洛瓦空调室存在空气流道阻力大、风机效率低、挡水板过水量大、热湿交换效率低等问题,并分析了产生这些问题的原因。提出了减少流道涡流阻力、将空调喷淋段由2.75 m增加到5.5 m、改单级喷淋为双级喷淋等三项改进措施。措施实施后,可缓解空调室挡水板过水现象、改善送风质量,降低空气流道阻力合计59.5 Pa,减少空调消耗冷源水量22.3%,年节约水电费81.52万元。认为:空调室布置时要对流道阻力、热湿交换效率和空调空气质量等综合考量,通过优化设计,可以实现节能降耗。     

臭氧水喷淋对贮藏过程中冷鲜牛肉品质的影响

为研究臭氧水喷淋对冷鲜牛肉品质的影响,对臭氧水喷淋冷鲜牛肉贮藏过程中pH值、挥发性盐基氮、色度(L*、a*和b*值)、感官品质变化规律进行研究。结果表明:臭氧喷淋对冷鲜牛肉pH值影响不显著;挥发性盐基氮显著降低(P<0.05);L*值在臭氧喷淋后4d降低,其余时间无显著差异(P>0.05);a*值从第8天开始高于对照组;b*值无明显影响;延缓了不良感官品质出现时间。可见,臭氧喷淋可延长冷鲜牛肉货架期。     

前纺梳并粗空调室改造的效果分析

一、空调室改造前概况我厂纺一分厂有环纺六万余枚纱绽,封闭厂房设计.楼上为后纺车间,楼下为梳、并、粗车间,梳、并、粗车间有空调两套,分别布置在东、西两侧附房内.空调室配FZ-40-~#16轴流风机,喷淋室为仿罗瓦设计,两级两排喷淋,由ZB-80泵两台供水.自1986年投入运行以来,西侧空调室供风区域、温湿度正常,能满足车间生产要求,车间工人反映较好.而东侧空调室供风区域,温湿度很不理想,高温季节梳棉间温度高达37.5℃(1992年7月24日12时记录),相对湿度低达40%(1992年5月9日8时记录).且车间温湿度差异较大,直接影响了半制品的质量,给车间生产带来一定困难,也影响了职工的身体健康.1988年春增加一台ZB-100泵,试图提高水汽比来达到降温给湿的目的,但收效甚微.二、改造内容调查分析,该空调喷淋室截面积较小,仅有5.95平米,喷淋室空气流动速度较快,达6.16米/秒,热湿交换不充分,露点饱和程度低.经实地观察,该空调喷淋室上部有一粗纱地吸排入的二次回风道,多年来弃之未用,后因地制宜将该喷淋室顶部水泥板拆除,使喷淋室的高度由1.63米提高到2.73米,喷淋     

制丝企业空调喷淋系统的改造

一、问题的提出目前,我国大部分制丝企业的车间空气调节采用喷淋式通风空调设备,原设计用水泵加压喷淋,用Dg40水管向喷淋室水池进行补水,以保证连续循环喷淋。空调供水管路见图1。图1原设计它自示意图在炎热的夏季,缫丝车间温度可达38℃以上,为提高降温效果,喷淋用水需加大新井水的比例,或全部用新井水。以宁阳制丝厂为例,喷淋用水泵流量为60m3／h。若全部用新井水喷淋,除空气加温外溅漏失消耗外,约有50多立方米喷淋废水白白流掉。经过测定分析,夏季空调喷淋废水含杂质很少,符合工业用水卫生标准和制丝工艺要求,可以作缫丝用…     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.