甲壳素/棉混纺织物的染整加工

为提高甲壳素／棉混纺织物的染色同色性，采用阳离子醚化剂3-氯-2-羟丙基氯化铵进行改性预处理，研究了预处理工艺条件（醚化剂、NaOH用量，处理时间及温度）对织物活性染料染色性能的影响。确定了最佳的阳离子改性工艺条件：阳离子化试剂50g／L，氢氧化钠15g／L，处理时间40min，处理温度60℃。结果表明，在该工艺条件下，甲壳素／棉混纺织物可实现活性染料一浴法染色，同色性得到提高，对抗菌性和皂洗牢度影响小。     

甲壳素／棉混纺织物同色牲的改进方法

甲壳素纤维具有良好的抗茵性能，将其与棉纤维进行混纺得到的织物性能优良。但由于结构上的差异，混纺织物染色时同色性较差，极大的限制了其应用范围。文章介绍了改进甲壳素／棉混纺织物同色性的两种方法．即棉纤维阳离子化预处理法及甲壳素纤维上的氨基封闭法。     

甲壳素/棉混纺织物同色性的改进方法

甲壳素纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,将其与棉纤维进行混纺得到的织物性能优良。但由于结构上的差异,混纺织物染色时同色性较差,极大的限制了其应用范围。文章介绍了改进甲壳素/棉混纺织物同色性的两种方法,即棉纤维阳离子化预处理法及甲壳素纤维上的氨基封闭法。     

PLA/棉混纺织物-浴法染色探讨

采用分散／直接染料一浴一步法和分散／活性染料一浴二步法对PLA／棉混纺织物进行染色，探讨该织物的一浴法染色性能；分析了染料的浓度对织物表现色深K／S值、色度指标L＊、a＊、b＊及耐水洗色牢度的影响。     

真丝/棉混纺织物染色工艺

用活性染料染真丝／棉混纺织物，通常存在真丝上染率低、得色浅、混纺织物同色性差等缺点。根据真丝、棉对酸碱敏感程度的不同，从染料选择、助剂用量及工艺条件的制订等方面进行分析试验。结果表明，采用Sumifix系列染料在pH值4～5，染色温度70℃，染色时间60min，元明粉用量40～50g／L，纯碱用量15g／L的条件下对棉／真丝一浴一步法染色，可获得较佳的同色效应产品。     

粘胶/棉混纺织物专用活性染料的开发及应用

为了解决粘胶/棉混纺织物染色同色性问题,开发了系列粘胶/棉混纺织物专用DCS型活性染料。结果表明：DCS型活性染料在棉织物和粘胶织物上具有较好的同色性。在DCS型活性染料的浸染工艺中,硫酸钠质量浓度可低至30 g/L,碳酸钠质量浓度可低至6 g/L,固色时间在20～60 min。DCS型活性染料染得的咖啡色、草绿色、蓝灰色和紫色等织物具有较好的布面均匀度,各项色牢度较高。     

德绒/棉混纺织物的一浴一步法染色北大核心

选用中性固色活性染料和分散型阳离子染料,对德绒/棉混纺织物进行一浴一步法染色探究。试验表明,德绒/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色是可行的,其优化工艺为:硫酸钠25 g/L,渗透剂JFC 0.5 g/L,染浴p H值7,染色温度100℃,染色时间60 min。染色后的混纺织物,表观颜色鲜艳,匀染性较好,但因为染色过程中阳离子染料对棉纤维、活性染料对德绒纤维存在一定的沾色情况,混纺织物染色时的上染率相对单组分纤维染色而言有所降低。     

德绒/棉混纺织物的一浴一步法染色

选用中性固色活性染料和分散型阳离子染料,对德绒/棉混纺织物进行一浴一步法染色探究。试验表明,德绒/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色是可行的,其优化工艺为:硫酸钠25 g/L,渗透剂JFC 0.5 g/L,染浴p H值7,染色温度100℃,染色时间60 min。染色后的混纺织物,表观颜色鲜艳,匀染性较好,但因为染色过程中阳离子染料对棉纤维、活性染料对德绒纤维存在一定的沾色情况,混纺织物染色时的上染率相对单组分纤维染色而言有所降低。     

真丝与棉混纺织物染色的同色性研究

用活性染料染真丝／棉混纺织物，通常存在真丝上染率低、色浅、混纺织物同色性差的缺点。通过对染色各工艺条件，如pH值、盐、碱量和温度等的研究，寻求可以提高此混纺织物染色同色性的途径，即真丝／棉混纺织物在酸性条件下用活性染料染色，碱性条件下固色。随染液pH值的降低、元明粉用量增加、纯碱用量减少和保温温度的提高，纤维间的同色性趋好。     

甲壳素/碱处理棉纤维混纺织物的染色性能

采用BES型活性染料对甲壳素/碱处理棉混纺织物进行染色,利用单因素法对染色工艺进行优化.确定了优化的染色工艺条件:染色温度60℃,染料质量分数2％(omf),浴比1∶30,NaCl 15 g/L,染色时间30min,固色时间40 min.在优化染色工艺条件下,甲壳素/碱处理棉混纺织物匀染性更好,染色牢度基本无变化,染料用量节约60％左右.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.