兔绒纤维毡缩性能分析

文章应用毡缩球法研究分析兔绒纤维的毡缩性能。根据测量出的兔绒和羊毛的摩擦系数，以及兔绒、羊毛的混合比，分析了兔绒、羊毛以及混合纤维毡缩性能，得出兔绒与羊毛混纺时，混合比对纤维毡缩性能的影响规律。     

马海毛纤维毡缩效应研究

为探索各因素对马海毛纤维毡缩性能的影响,应用毡缩球法测试不同长度马海毛纤维的毡缩球体积变化规律,并将其与山羊绒纤维对比,通过实验得出:随测试皂液温度升高,纤维毡缩球的体积逐渐变小,毡缩球密度逐渐变大;处理时间增加,纤维毡缩球的体积逐渐变小,毡缩球密度逐渐变大;相同实验条件下,纤维长度越短,毡缩性能越弱,毡缩球体积越大,密度越小,当纤维长度变为原长的1/4时,表现出的毡缩性能很弱,几乎呈现出散纤维状态.     

山羊绒纤维毡缩性能比较研究

山羊绒纤维由于表面存在鳞片,使用过程中会产生缩绒现象,织物面积收缩,形状不稳定,降低了产品的服用性能,为了测试研究其毡缩性能规律,应用毡缩球法测试了白山羊绒纤维、紫山羊绒纤维、防缩白绒、染色山羊绒纤维的毡缩程度.实验得出:纤维毡缩体的体积随测试皂液温度与时间的增加而逐渐变小;当皂液温度超过30℃,时间大于30 min,白山羊绒产生严重毡缩.防缩白绒的毡缩程度明显减小;山羊绒纤维的染色对其毡缩程度无影响.     

低劣毡缩性纤维材料的毡缩密度测定

本文介绍了一种测量毛纤维毡缩密度的新方法。此法通过测定排水量而直接测出不规则形体毡球试样的体积,从而算出原料的毡缩密度。该方法补充了IWTO-20-69标准在测试低劣毡缩性纤维的毡缩程度方面的不足。文中还应用此法研究了染色对赫克塞特防缩处理羊毛的防缩性能的影响。     

双氧水预处理对增强羊毛防毡缩整理效果的研究

为强化自制蛋白类防毡缩整理剂对羊毛的防毡缩效果,将双氧水预处理与防毡缩整理剂联合应用于羊毛的防毡缩工艺中,以纤维毡缩球密度和失重率为评价指标,优化出双氧水预处理条件。结果表明:选择合适条件的双氧水预处理羊毛可以提高蛋白类防毡缩整理剂对羊毛纤维的防毡缩效果,羊毛纤维的毡缩球密度从0.071 2 g/cm3降至0.021 4 g/cm3,毛织物面积毡缩率从10.71%降至4.03%,并测定了不同处理羊毛的SEM图,发现羊毛表面形态结构和羊毛防毡缩性能存在密切联系。     

羊毛/山羊绒混合体毡缩性能研究

应用毡缩球法测试不同长度羊毛的毡缩体积变化规律,并将其与山羊绒纤维混合,研究混合体的毡缩性能.通过实验得出:羊毛毡缩体的体积随温度、时间的增加而变小;纤维越短其毡缩性能越差;羊毛与山羊绒混合时,随羊毛/山羊绒比值减小混合纤维的毡缩体积先增大后减小,当羊毛/山羊绒比值为1∶2时,原长羊毛与山羊绒混合纤维毡缩体积最大,而当羊毛/山羊绒比值为1∶1时,1/2长羊毛、1/3长羊毛与山羊绒混合纤维出现最大毡缩体积.     

等离子体预处理对增强羊毛防毡缩整理效果的研究北大核心

为提升自制蛋白类防毡缩整理剂对羊毛的防毡缩效果,将等离子体预处理与防毡缩整理剂联合应用于羊毛的防毡缩工艺中,以纤维毡缩球密度和失重率为评价指标,优化出了等离子体预处理条件为:真空度35 Pa,放电时间4 min,放电功率100 W。结果表明:选择合适条件的等离子体预处理羊毛可以有效提高蛋白类防毡缩整理剂对羊毛纤维的防毡缩效果,毡缩球密度从0.077 0 g/cm3降至0.016 9 g/cm3。     

等离子体预处理对增强羊毛防毡缩整理效果的研究

为提升自制蛋白类防毡缩整理剂对羊毛的防毡缩效果,将等离子体预处理与防毡缩整理剂联合应用于羊毛的防毡缩工艺中,以纤维毡缩球密度和失重率为评价指标,优化出了等离子体预处理条件为:真空度35 Pa,放电时间4 min,放电功率100 W。结果表明:选择合适条件的等离子体预处理羊毛可以有效提高蛋白类防毡缩整理剂对羊毛纤维的防毡缩效果,毡缩球密度从0.077 0 g/cm3降至0.016 9 g/cm3。     

羊毛/兔绒/羊绒提花面料工艺设计

为充分发挥羊毛纤维吸湿保暖、兔绒纤维蓬松滑糯、羊绒纤维弹性柔软的性能,开发一种羊毛/兔绒/羊绒提花面料。针对兔绒纤维可纺性差的问题,采用羊毛、兔绒、羊绒散纤维混纺方法,提升纤维抱合力。通过散毛染色、和毛、梳毛、细纱、络筒、蒸纱等工艺,设计纺纱上机参数,制得羊毛/兔绒/羊绒60/25/15混纺纱线。以1/3破斜纹纬二重组织为基础组织,设计织造工艺,织制正反面双色图案提花织物。后通过洗缩呢、起毛、蒸呢等方法,制得蓬松饱满,手感滑糯的羊毛/兔绒/羊绒提花面料,对纺织产品的设计开发具有参考意义。     

多种蛋白酶对羊毛防毡缩整理效果的比较

采用胃蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶对羊毛进行防毡缩整理,测试并分析了5种蛋白酶对羊毛纤维断裂强力和毡缩性能的影响,以及溴Allworden反应。将其中效果最好的菠萝蛋白酶协同H2O2和壳聚糖进行防毡缩处理。结果表明,这5种蛋白酶中菠萝蛋白酶处理效果最佳,羊毛毡缩球密度减少31.54%,强力保留率达95.7%;溴Allworden反应验证了对羊毛鳞片层的剥蚀作用;采用H2O2+蛋白酶+壳聚糖的协同处理工艺可在保持羊毛纤维较高强力的情况下,大大降低毡缩球密度。     

毛绒类纤维鳞片结构特征鉴别

以羊毛、山羊绒及其它毛绒类纤维作为研究对象 ,采用带显示屏的高放大倍数的显微镜和配置优良的电脑对上述纤维的鳞片结构特征作定性的分析研究。具体工作包括 :样本的制备 ;仪器的配置与调试 ;利用计算机进行鳞片特征提取 ;羊毛、羊绒等各种动物纤维鳞片结构特征比较。     

Properties of Yak Wool in Comparison to Cashmere and Camel Hairs

Recently, yak wool has got more and more attentions for its good quality and competitive price in textile industry. However, for its large dispersion and stiffness, there are still some difficulties in utilizing yak fibers, which also further limit the development of yak wool products. Aiming at this problem, in this article, yak wool was compared with cashmere and camel hair. Cashmere and camel hair are another two kinds of animal fibers, which have been studied for a long time and there have been mature manufacture techniques for some cashmere or camel hair products. By comparative analyzing the surface and cross-section morphologies, physical and chemical properties of these three kinds of fiber, the better ways to develop yak wool can be got. Findings show that among the three kinds of animal fibers, the scales of yak fibers arrange densest. Besides, it also has the highest strength and friction effect. As for the chemical properties, the functional groups of these fibers are similar but the acid and alkali resistances of yak wool are poorest.     

竹纤维/羊毛/羊绒混纺产品的工艺设计

文章从竹纤维、羊毛、羊绒的风格特点出发,确定合理的混纺比和纱线支数,选择适宜的活性染料和酸性染料,优选工艺参数,制定出切实可行的竹纤维/羊毛/羊绒混纺织物(爽竹呢)的纺纱、织造和染整工艺.实践表明,该工艺能生产高档服装面料,产品的服用性能优异.     

Determination of the Most Commonly Recognized and Used Keratin Based Luxury Fibers

There is a group of animal fibers known as “luxury fibers.” These are mohair, cashmere, camel hair, lama, alpaca, vicuna, guanaco, angora, yak, and quivit. In this study, the effects of demographical variables such as gender, education, age, sector, and income on the recognition and usage of luxury fibers in Thrace Region of Turkey were investigated. In order to analyze the obtained data, crosstabulation and chi-square statistical methods are used. According to the experimental results it can be said that the most commonly known and used luxury fibers are cashmere, mohair, and angora. The most important (37.6%) reason for participants to use luxury fibers is their warm feeling. On the other hand the most important (approx. 30%) reason for participants not to use them is that they do not have sufficient information about these fibers. It was determined that the most commonly (37.8%) used textile product made of luxury fibers is outerwear. Furthermore, it was found out that approximately 75% of participants accept paying more for garment containing luxury fibers because of their high quality.     

山羊绒与细羊毛、牦牛绒、驼绒混纺产品中羊绒含量分析的探讨

山羊绒与细羊毛、牦牛绒、驼绒均为角朊蛋白细胞组成,结构特征相似,在测定其混纺产品中羊绒含量具有一定的难度,是检验部门面对的一大难题。本文介绍了动物纤维的结构特点,结合光学显微镜图片围绕着山羊绒与细羊毛、牦牛绒、驼绒的鳞片形态特征的差异,对这几种混纺产品中羊绒含量的定量方法做出探讨。     

彩色目标提取方法检测羊绒/羊毛混纺比

针对目前羊绒/羊毛混纺比检测主要依靠人工,速度慢且精确度不高等问题,应用一种基于HSV颜色模型的彩色目标提取方法检测羊绒/羊毛混纺比。首先将具有某种色彩信息的羊绒或羊毛纤维从背景图片中分离出来,然后根据所提取纤维与背景纤维的形状大小等特征的不同,采用图像腐蚀和膨胀的方法对图片进行处理,使所提取的目标完整地从原图中分离出。研究结果表明:该方法使应用图像处理方法测试羊绒/羊毛混纺比具有可行性。     

基于视觉词袋模型的羊绒与羊毛快速鉴别方法

为快速准确地鉴别羊绒和羊毛,提出一种基于视觉词袋模型的鉴别方法。该方法使用羊绒和羊毛的光学显微镜图像作为实验样本,将纤维鉴别问题转化为图像的分类问题。首先对光学显微镜图像进行预处理以增强特征,然后从纤维形态中提取局部特征并生成视觉单词,再依据视觉单词对纤维图像进行分类,从而达到鉴别纤维的目的。使用了4 400 幅纤维图像作为数据集,从中选择不同的羊绒和羊毛的混合比作为训练集和测试集,得到的识别率最高为86%,最低为81.5%,鉴别1 000根纤维需要的时间小于100 s,训练好的分类器可保存并用于后期的检测工作。     

Variation in the softness and fibre curvature of cashmere,alpaca, mohair and other rare animal fibres

Softness of apparel textiles is a major attribute sought by consumers. There is surprisingly little objective information on the softness properties of rare animal fibres, particularly cashmere, alpaca and mohair. Samples of these and other rare animal fibres from different origins of production and processors were objectively measured for fibre diameter, fibre curvature (FC, crimp) and resistance to compression (softness). While there were curvilinear responses of resistance to compression to FC and to mean fibre diameter, FC accounted for much more of the variance in resistance to compression. Fibre type was an important determinant of resistance to compression. The softest fibres were alpaca, mohair and cashgora and all of the fibres measured were softer than most Merino wool. Quivet, llama, camel, guanaco, vicuña, yak wool, bison wool, dehaired cow down and Angora rabbit were also differentiated from alpaca, mohair and cashmere. There were important differences in the softness and FC of cashmere from different origins with cashmere from newer origins of production (Australia, New Zealand and USA) having lower resistance to compression than cashmere from traditional sources of China and Iran. Cashmere from different origins was differentiated on the basis of resistance to compression, FC and fibre diameter. Cashgora was differentiated from cashmere by having a lower FC and lower resistance to compression. There were minority effects of colour and fibre diameter variation on resistance to compression of cashmere. The implications of these findings for the identification and use of softer raw materials are discussed.     

山羊绒/绵羊毛混纺纱的定量分析

阐述了山羊绒/绵羊毛混纺纱定量分析方法,对比分析了使用视频显微镜、显微投影仪和扫描电子显微镜,根据山羊绒、绵羊毛鳞片结构特征和纤维直径测定山羊绒/绵羊毛混纺纱纤维含量的方法和特点.测试结果表明:采用视频显微镜及与其兼容配套的Pinnacle Studio 8.0图像采集软件和Imager-Proplus图像分析软件测试山羊绒/绵羊毛混纺纱纤维含量,比显微投影仪和扫描电子显微镜测试法较为方便和快捷,且精确度较高,适合山羊绒/绵羊毛混纺纱定量分析测试.     

山羊绒与绵羊毛的鉴别与实践

针对绵羊毛影响山羊绒检测误差与误判这一难题,利用现代纺织理论与测试技术,对山羊绒与绵羊毛的表面形态结构进行了剖析,从山羊绒与绵羊毛的鳞片形态、鳞片变异特征、粗细绵羊毛与山羊绒表面形态的异同性等方面进行了多角度的比较,结合多年生产实践经验,探寻了山羊绒与绵羊毛团的区别,洗净后山羊绒与绵羊毛的区别,提出了进厂无毛绒宏观检验与微观检验理念和具体操作方法,对确保无毛绒质量,减小鉴别误差和检验误判具有现实的指导意义.